Recombinant human erythropoietin versus placebo or no treatment for the anaemia of chronic kidney disease in people not requiring dialysis

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn 2016, Issue 3, 2016, Pages

  Cody, June D ^a   Hodson, Elisabeth M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

^b CHILDREN S HOSPITAL AT WESTMEAD   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CREATININE; HEMOGLOBIN; PLACEBO; RECOMBINANT ERYTHROPOIETIN; ERYTHROPOIETIN; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN;

ANEMIA; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CREATININE BLOOD LEVEL; DIALYSIS; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EXERCISE; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HEMATOCRIT; HEMODIALYSIS PATIENT; HEMOGLOBIN BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SEIZURE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; BLOOD; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; COMPLICATION; DISEASE COURSE; META ANALYSIS;

ANEMIA; DISEASE PROGRESSION; ERYTHROPOIETIN; HEMATOCRIT; HUMANS; KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS;

EID: 84961942959     PISSN: 14651858     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003266.pub3     Document Type: Review

References (108)

1. Abraham PA, Opsahl JA, Rachael KM, Asinger R, Halstenson CE. Renal function during erythropoietin therapy for anemia in predialysis chronic renal failure patients. American Journal of Nephrology 1990;10(2):128-36. [MEDLINE: 2349956]
2. Opsahl JA, Halstenson CE, Rachael KM, Abraham PA. Recombinant-human erythropoietin (EPO) in chronic renal failure (CRF): no adverse effect on renal hemodynamics or progression of disease [abstract]. Kidney International 1989;35(1):198. [CENTRAL: CN-00766225]
3. Akizawa T, Koshikawa S. Effect of rHuEPO on progression of renal disease [abstract]. 12th International Congress of Nephrology; 1993 June 13-18; Jerusalem, Israel. 1993:300. [CENTRAL: CN-00764752]
4. Brown CD, Zhao ZH, Thomas LL, Friedman EA. Erythropoietin delays the onset of uremia in anemic azotemic diabetic predialysis patients [abstract]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 1995;6(3):447A. [MEDLINE: CN-00483340]
5. Clyne N, Jogestrand T. Effect of erythropoietin treatment on physical exercise capacity and on renal function in predialytic uremic patients. Nephron 1992;60(4):390-6. [MEDLINE: 1584314]
6. Eschbach JW, Kelly MR, Haley NR, Abels RI, Adamson JW. Treatment of the anemia of progressive renal failure with recombinant human erythropoietin. New England Journal of Medicine 1989;321(3):158-63. [MEDLINE: 2747747]
7. Ganguli A, Singh NP, Ahuja N. A comparative study of nandrolone decanoate and erythropoietin on albumin levels, quality of life, and progression of renal disease in Indian predialysis CKD patients [abstract no: W455]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2003;18(Suppl 4):692. [CENTRAL: CN-00653811]
8. Ganguli A, Singh NP, Singh T, Agarwal SK, Neeraj A. Nandrolone decanoate is equiefacious to erythropoietin in correcting anemia and quality of life in predialysis chronic kidney disease patients [abstract no: 137]. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2003;51(Dec):1188. [CENTRAL: CN-00765715]
9. Singh NP, Anirban G, Singh T, Agarwal SK, Neera A. Long term effects of anemia correction on progression of renal disease and cognitive function using erythropoietin and androgenic steroids [abstract no: 136]. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2003;51(Dec):1188. [CENTRAL: CN-00783567]
10. Singh NP, Ganguli A, Singh T. A comparative study of nandrolone decanoate versus recombinant human erythropoietin on anemia in Indian predialysis chronic kidney disease patients [abstract no: W456]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2003;18(Suppl 4):692-3. [CENTRAL: CN-00447760]
11. Kim BS, Do JY, Kim DJ, Kim Y, Kim C, Park S, et al. Renal outcome of CKD patients with predialysis erythropoietin therapy: a prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical study [abstract no: TH-FC057]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2006;17(Abstracts):13A. [CENTRAL: CN-00766279]
12. Kleinman KS, Schweitzer SU. Human recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEPO) treatment of severe anemia associated with progressive renal failure may delay the need to initiate regular dialytic therapy [abstract]. Kidney International 1990;37:240. [CENTRAL: CN-00626057]
13. Kleinman KS, Schweitzer SU, Perdue ST, Abels RI. The use of recombinant human erythropoietin in the correction of anemia in pre-dialysis patients and its effects on renal function: a double blind placebo controlled trial [abstract]. Kidney International 1989;35(1):229. [CENTRAL: CN-00636148]
14. Kleinman KS, Schweitzer SU, Perdue ST, Bleifer KH, Abels RI. The use of recombinant human erythropoietin in the correction of anemia in predialysis patients and its effect on renal function: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 1989;14(6):486-95. [MEDLINE: 2688405]
15. Kristal B, Shurtz-Swirski R, Tanhilevski O, Shapiro G, Shkolnik G, Chezar J, et al. Epoetin-alpha: preserving kidney function via attenuation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte priming. Israel Medical Association Journal - Imaj 2008;10(4):266-72. [MEDLINE: 18548979]
16. Kuriyama S, Tomonari H, Hashimoto T, Kawaguchi Y, Sakai O. Reversal of anemia by EPO therapy retards the progression of chronic renal failure in non-diabetic pre-dialysis patients [abstract]. Nephrology 1997;3(Suppl 1):S506. [CENTRAL: CN-00461123]
17. Kuriyama S, Tomonari H, Yoshida H, Hashimoto T, Kawaguchi Y, Sakai O. Reversal of anemia by erythropoietin therapy retards the progression of chronic renal failure, especially in nondiabetic patients. Nephron 1997;77(2):176-85. [MEDLINE: 9346384]
18. Lim VS, DeGowin RL, Zavala D, Kirchner PT, Abels R, Perry P, et al. Recombinant human erythropoietin treatment in pre-dialysis patients. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 1989;110(2):108-14. [MEDLINE: 2909202]
19. Benz R, Teehan B, Roth D, Buckalew V, Freedman B, Hatch F, et al. Renal function and quality of life (QOL) studies in anemic, pre-dialysis chronic renal failure (CRF) patients receiving recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO): results of a multi-center trial [abstract]. 12th International Congress of Nephrology; 1993 June 13-18; Jerusalem, Israel. 1993:316. [CENTRAL: CN-00602029]
20. Revicki DA, Brown RE, Feeny DH, Henry D, Teehan BP, Rudnick MR, et al. Health-related quality of life associated with recombinant human erythropoietin therapy for predialysis chronic renal disease patients. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 1995;25(4):548-54. [MEDLINE: 7702049]
21. Roth D, Smith RD, Schulman G, Steinman TI, Hatch FE, Rudnick MR, et al. Effects of recombinant human erythropoietin on renal function in chronic renal failure predialysis patients. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 1994;24(5):777-84. [MEDLINE: 7977319]
22. Stone WJ, Graber SE, Krantz SB, Dessypris EN, O'Neil VL, Olsen NJ, et al. Treatment of the anemia of predialysis patients with recombinant human erythropoietin: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Medical Sciences 1988;296(3):171-9. [MEDLINE: 3177433]
23. Teehan BP, Sigler MH, Brown JM, Benz RL, Gilgore GS, Schleifer CR, et al. Hematologic and physiologic studies during correction of anaemia with recombinant human erythropoietin in predialysis patients. Transplantation Proceedings 1989;21 Suppl(2):63-6. [EMBASE: 1990284570]
24. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the therapeutic use of recombinant human erythropoietin for anemia associated with chronic renal failure in predialysis patients. The US Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Predialysis Study Group.[Erratum appears in Am J Kidney Dis 1991 Sep;18(3):420]. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 1991;18(1):50-9. [MEDLINE: 2063855]
25. Teplan V, Schuck O, Knotek A, Hojny J, Horackova M. Ketoacids and recombinant human erythro-poietin may influence progression of chronic renal insufficiency: Czech multicentre study [abstract]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2001;16(6):A96. [CENTRAL: CN-00447973]
26. Teplan V, Schuck O, Knotek A, Hajny J, Horackova M, Kvapil M, Czech multicenter study. Enhanced metabolic effect of erythropoietin and keto acids in CRF patients on low-protein diet: Czech multicenter study. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2003;41(3 Suppl 1):S26-30. [MEDLINE: 12612947]
27. Teplan V, Schuck O, Knotek A, Hajny J, Surel S. Metabolic effect of erythropoietin and keto acids in CRF: Czech multicentre study [abstract]. Nutrition 2003;19(4):399.
28. Teplan V, Schuck O, Poledne R, Mengerova O. The influence of erythropoietin (r-Hu EPO) and keto amino acids (KA) on lipid metabolism and renal function tests in chronic renal failure (CRF) [abstract no: A3094]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 1996;7(9):1865. [CENTRAL: CN-00766750]
29. Teplan V, Schuck O, et al. Erythropoietin (r-Hu EPO) and keto amino acids (KA): an effect on lipid metabolism in predialysis [abstract]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 1996;11(6):A263. [CENTRAL: CN-00261317]
30. Wang AY, Chook P, Chow K, Sanderson J, Li PK, Lui S, et al. A prospective randomized study to evaluate erythropoietin treatment as a novel strategy for improving vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis prevention in chronic renal failure. [abstract no: SA-FC104]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2004;15(Oct):43A. [CENTRAL: CN-00763755]
31. Watson A, Gimenez L, Walser M, Cotton S, Spivak J. A prospective double-blind study of subcutaneous recombinant-human erythropoietin in predialysis renal failure. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1989;29:856.
32. Watson AJ, Gimenez LF, Cotton S, Walser M, Spivak JL. Treatment of the anemia of chronic renal failure with subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin. American Journal of Medicine 1990;89(4):432-5. [MEDLINE: 2220877]
33. Brown CD, Kieran M, Dosunmu BV, Zhao Z, Larson RH, Friedman EA. Raised hematocrit (HCT) persists six-weeks after stopping treatment with human recombinant erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) in azotemic anemic patients [abstract]. Kidney International 1988;33(1):184. [CENTRAL: CN-00602117]
34. Clyne N, Drueke T, Eckardt K, Locatelli F, Macdougall I, Tsakiris D. Quality of life assessment in the 'cardiovascular risk reduction by early anaemia treatment with epoetin beta' (CREATE) study [abstract]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2003;18(Suppl 4):155-6. [CENTRAL: CN-00444859]
35. Clyne N, Drueke TB, Eckardt K, Locatelli F, Macdougall IC, Tsakiris D, et al. Diagnostic value of NT-proBNP in CKD patients: baseline and 6-month data from the CREATE Study [abstract no: F-PO320]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2004;15(Oct):136A. [CENTRAL: CN-00550685]
36. Clyne N, Macdougall I, Bilous R, Ritz E, CREATE Study Group, ACORD Study Group. Haemoglobin control with epoetin beta: results from the Cardiovascular risk Reduction by Early Anaemia Treatment with Epoetin beta (CREATE) and Anaemia Correction in Diabetes (ACORD) studies [abstract no: SP457]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2006;21(Suppl 4):iv169. [CENTRAL: CN-00583337]
37. Drueke T, Clyne N, Eckardt K, Locatelli F, Macdougall I, Tsakiris D, et al. Diagnostic value of NT-proBNP and cardiac troponin T in chronic kidney disease patients: correlation with baseline characteristics in the CREATE study [abstract no: P210]. 41st Congress. European Renal Association. European Dialysis and Transplantation Association; 2004 May 15-18; Lisbon, Portugal. 2004:85. [CENTRAL: CN-00509163]
38. Drueke T, Clyne N, Eckardt K, Locatelli F, Macdougall I, Tsakiris D, et al. Homocysteine as a cardiovascular risk marker in patients with chronic kidney disease: baseline data and risk profiles from the CREATE study [abstract no: SP207]. 41st Congress. European Renal Association. European Dialysis and Transplantation Association; 2004 May 15-18; Lisbon, Portugal. 2004:84. [CENTRAL: CN-00509164]
39. Drueke T, Clyne N, Eckardt K, Locatelli F, Macdougall IC, Tsakiris D, et al. Homocysteine as a cardiovascular risk marker in patients with CKD: baseline and 6-month data from the CREATE Study [abstract no: F-PO335]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2004;15(Oct):139A-40A. [CENTRAL: CN-00550688]
40. Drueke T, Clyne N, Eckardt KU, Locatelli F, Macdougell I, Tsakiris D, et al. Baseline characteristics of chronic renal failure patients not yet receiving renal replacement therapy enrolled in the CREATE study [abstract no: T135]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2002;17(Suppl 12):227. [CENTRAL: CN-00509165]
41. Drueke T, Locatelli F, Clyne N, Eckardt KU, Macdougall I, Tsakiris D. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) characteristics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients enrolled in the 'cardiovascular risk reduction by early anaemia treatment with epoetin beta' (CREATE) study [abstract]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2003;18(Suppl 4):156. [CENTRAL: CN-00520329]
42. Drueke TB, Clyne N, Eckardt KU, Locatelli F, Macdougall IC, Tsakiris D. Characteristics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients enrolled in the 'cardiovascular risk reduction by early anemia treatment with epoetin beta' (CREATE) study [abstract no: SU-P025]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2002;13(September, Program & Abstracts):520A. [CENTRAL: CN-00445149]
43. Drueke TB, Locatelli F, Clyne N, Eckardt KU, Macdougall IC, Tsakiris D, et al. Normalization of hemoglobin level in patients with chronic kidney disease and anemia. New England Journal of Medicine 2006;355(20):2071-84. [MEDLINE: 17108342]
44. Eckardt K, Clyne N, Drueke T, Locatelli F, Macdougall I, Tsakiris D, et al. Variables of left ventricular geometry and function in patients enrolled in the CREATE trial [abstract no: T136]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2002;17(Suppl 1):227. [CENTRAL: CN-00583726]
45. Eckardt K, Macdougall I, Locatelli F, Tsakiris D, Clyne N, Drueke T. Effects of epoetin beta on left ventricular mass in patients with chronic kidney disease: echocardiographic results from the CREATE study [abstract no: TH-FC172]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2005;16:37A. [CENTRAL: CN-00583370]
46. Eckardt KU, Clyne N, Drueke T, Locatelli F, Macdougall I, Tsakiris D. Left ventricular hypertrophy and associated variables in the 'cardiovascular risk reduction by early anaemia treatment with epoetin beta (CREATE) trial [abstract]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2003;18(Suppl 4):155. [CENTRAL: CN-00445194]
47. Eckardt KU, Scherhag A, Macdougall IC, Tsakiris D, Clyne N, Locatelli F, et al. Left ventricular geometry predicts cardiovascular outcomes associated with anemia correction in CKD. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2009;20(12):2651-60. [MEDLINE: 19850955]
48. Eckardt KU, The Cardiovascular risk Reduction by Early Anemia Treatment with Epoetin Beta (CREATE) Trial. The CREATE trial--building the evidence. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2001;16 Suppl 2:16-8. [MEDLINE: 11369844]
49. Locatelli F, Clyne N, Drueke T, Eckardt KU, Macdougall I, Tsakiris D, et al. Distribution of cardiovascular disease (CVD) across three geographical regions in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) not yet receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) enrolled in the CREATE study [abstract]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2002;17(Suppl 1):227-8. [CENTRAL: CN-00550716]
50. Locatelli F, Del Vecchio L, Pozzoni P. Anemia and cardiovascular risk: the lesson of the CREATE Trial. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2006;17(12 Suppl 3):S262-6. [MEDLINE: 17130272]
51. Macdougall IC, Clyne N, Drueke TB, Eckardt K, Tsakiris D, Locatelli F, et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy and related variables in chronic kidney disease patients not receiving RRT enrolled in the cardiovascular risk reduction by early anemia treatment with epoetin beta (CREATE) study [abstract no: SU-PO629]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2003;14(Nov):672A. [CENTRAL: CN-00550747]
52. Macdougall IC, Steering Committee of the CREATE trial, CREATE Study Group. CREATE: new strategies for early anaemia management in renal insufficiency. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2003;18 Suppl 2:ii13-6. [MEDLINE: 12819295]
53. Tsakiris D, Clyne N, Drueke T, Eckardt K, Macdougall I, Locatelli F, et al. Impaired quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients enrolled in the cardiovascular risk reduction by early anemia treatment with epoetin beta (CREATE) study [abstract no: SA-PO723]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2003;14(Nov):456A. [CENTRAL: CN-00550393]
54. Emans ME, Braam B, Diepenbroek A, van der Putten K, Cramer MJ, Wielders JP, et al. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in chronic cardiorenal failure is correlated with endogenous erythropoietin levels and decreases in response to low-dose erythropoietin treatment. Kidney & Blood Pressure Research 2013;36(1):344-54. [MEDLINE: 23235391]
55. Emans ME, van der PK, Velthuis BK, de Vries JJ, Cramer MJ, America YG, et al. Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis is prevalent in cardiorenal patients but not associated with left ventricular function and myocardial fibrosis as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2012;12:76. [MEDLINE: 22989293]
56. Emans ME, van der PK, van Rooijen KL, Kraaijenhagen RJ, Swinkels D, van Solinge WW, et al. Determinants of red cell distribution width (RDW) in cardiorenal patients: RDW is not related to erythropoietin resistance. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2011;17(8):626-33. [MEDLINE: 21807323]
57. Jie KE, Putten K, Wesseling S, Joles JA, Bergevoet MW, Pepers-de Kort F, et al. Short-term erythropoietin treatment does not substantially modulate monocyte transcriptomes of patients with combined heart and renal failure. PloS ONE [Electronic Resource] 2012;7(9):e41339. [MEDLINE: 22957013]
58. Jie KE, van der PK, Bergevoet MW, Doevendans PA, Gaillard CA, Braam B, et al. Short- and long-term effects of erythropoietin treatment on endothelial progenitor cell levels in patients with cardiorenal syndrome. Heart 2011;97(1):60-5. [MEDLINE: 21071558]
59. van der Putten K, Jie KE, Emans ME, Verhaar MC, Joles JA, Cramer MJ, et al. Erythropoietin treatment in patients with combined heart and renal failure: objectives and design of the EPOCARES study. Journal of Nephrology 2010;23(4):363-8. [MEDLINE: 20383871]
60. van der Putten K, Jie KE, van den Broek D, Kraaijenhagen RJ, Laarakkers C, Swinkels DW, et al. Hepcidin-25 is a marker of the response rather than resistance to exogenous erythropoietin in chronic kidney disease/chronic heart failure patients. European Journal of Heart Failure 2010;12(9):943-50. [MEDLINE: 20601671]
61. van der Putten K, van den Broek D, van Rooijen KL, Kraaijenhagen RJ, Swinkels DW, Braam B, et al. Erythropoetin (EPO) induced decrease in hepcidin determines bone marrow response in patients with combined heart and renal failure [abstract no: SA-PO2668]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2008;19(Abstracts Issue):712A.
62. Frenken LA, Verberckmoes R, Michielsen P, Koene RA. Efficacy and tolerance of treatment with recombinant-human erythropoietin in chronic renal failure (pre-dialysis) patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 1989;4(9):782-6. [MEDLINE: 2516609]
63. Frenken LA, Verberckmoes R, Sluiter HE, Schrijver G, Michielsen P, Koene RA. An open study of the safety and efficacy of multiple doses of recombinant human erythropoietin in end-stage renal disease (predialysis) patients [abstract]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 1988;3(4):495. [CENTRAL: CN-00260377]
64. Frenken LA, Verberckmoes R, Sluiter HE, Schrijver G, Michielsen P, Koene RA. An open study of the safety and efficacy of multiple doses of recombinant-human erythropoietin in end-state renal disease (pre-dialysis) patients [abstract]. Kidney International 1988;34(4):558. [CENTRAL: CN-00644276]
65. Frenken LA, Wetzels JF, Sluiter HE, Koene RA. Evidence for renal vasodilation in pre-dialysis patients during correction of anemia by erythropoietin. Kidney International 1992;41(2):384-7. [MEDLINE: 1552711]
66. Furukawa A, Numata A, Imagawa A, Kaifu Y, Sumikura T, Miyake H, et al. Study of recombinant human erythropoietin treatment on the anemia of predialysis patients. Nippon Jinzo Gakkai Shi [Japanese Journal of Nephrology] 1992;34(6):693-700. [MEDLINE: 1479709]
67. Beeghly M, Jabs K, Johnson B, Tronick E, McCabe D, Alexander S, et al. Cognitive and adaptive function of children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD): a report of the National Pediatric Recombinant Erythropoietin Study [abstract]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 1992;3(3):280. [CENTRAL: CN-00460367]
68. Jabs K, Alexander S, McCabe D, Lerner G, Harmon W. Primary results from the U.S. multicenter pediatric recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) study [abstract]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 1994;5(3):456. [CENTRAL: CN-00583204]
69. Van Dop C, Jabs KL, Alexander SA, Salusky IB, McCabe D. Correction of anemia does not improve growth or endocrine function in children with ESRD: a report from the U.S. multicenter pediatric recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) study [abstract]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 1995;6(3):407. [CENTRAL: CN-00486268]
70. Koene R, Frenken L. Does treatment of predialysis patients with recombinant human erythropoietin compromise renal function?. Nefrologia 1990;10 Suppl(2):131-6.
71. Koene RA, Frenken LA. Does treatment of predialysis patients with recombinant human erythropoietin compromise renal function?. Contributions to Nephrology 1990;87:105-12. [MEDLINE: 2093536]
72. Bennett-Jones D. Use of epoetin alpha in the treatment in anaemia in predialysis patients. www.nihr.ac.uk/Profile/Pages/NRRResults.aspx?publication_id=N0055116759 (last accessed July 2014).
73. Kwan JT, Temple M, Macdougall I. Is early treatment of anemia with epoetin-alfa beneficial to predialysis renal patients? An UK multi-centre study [abstract: SU-PO057]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2004;15(Oct):545A. [CENTRAL: CN-00765503]
74. Macdougall IC, Kwan J, Temple RM, EPO-GBR-2 Investigator Study Group. UK multicentre randomised controlled study of epoetin alfa in early renal insufficiency (ERI) - a 12-month interim analysis [abstract]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2001;12(Program & Abstracts):395A. [CENTRAL: CN-00766947]
75. Macdougall IC, Temple RM, Kwan JT. Is early treatment of anaemia with epoetin-alpha beneficial to pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients? Results of a multicentre, open-label, prospective, randomized, comparative group trial. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2007;22(3):784-93. [MEDLINE: 16968726]
76. Marcas L, Martinez-Vea A, Bardaji A, Gutierrez C, Garcia C, Compte T, et al. Cardiovascular effects of the partial or complete correction of anemia with erythropoietin therapy in predialysis patients [abstract]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2003;18(Suppl 4):156-7. [CENTRAL: CN-00446594]
77. Meloni C, Tozzo C, Rossi V, Borzi M, Flamini M, Grotta BD, et al. Early anaemia correction with EPO: one year effects on LVH and progression of chronic renal failure (CRF) in predialysis patients (PTS) [abstract]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2003;18(Suppl 4):157. [CENTRAL: CN-00446732]
78. Mignon F, Andrassy K, Esnault VL, Kuhlmann MK, Sinnassamy P. Epoetin delta corrects and maintains haemoglobin in pre-end stage renal disease [abstract]. 38th Congress. European Renal Association. European Dialysis and Transplantation Association; 2001 Jun 24-27; Vienna, Austria. 2001:140. [CENTRAL: CN-00461317]
79. Mignon F, Andrassy K, Esnault VL, Kuhlmann MK, Sinnassamy P, European HMR4396 Study Group. Novel human erythropoietin corrects and maintains hemoglobin in pre-end stage renal disease (ESRD) when administered twice weekly subcutaneously [abstract no: A0384]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2000;11(Sept):71A. [CENTRAL: CN-00794723]
80. Muirhead N. Changes in quality of life in chronic renal failure patients treated with recombinant human erythropoiein [abstract]. 9th Asian Colloquium in Nephrology; 1992 May 17-21; Seoul, Korea. 1992:45-6. [CENTRAL: CN-00461371]
81. Bradley JR. An open label prospective randomised comparative group study to assess the effects of epoeitin alfa therapy in predialysis chronic renal failure patients at an early stage in the development of their anaemia. www.nihr.ac.uk/Profile/Pages/NRRResults.aspx?publication_id=N0287023177 (last accessed 3 July 2014).
82. Palazzuoli A, Silverberg DS, Iovine F, Calabro A, Campagna MS, Gallotta M, et al. Effects of beta-erythropoietin treatment on left ventricular remodeling, systolic function, and B-type natriuretic peptide levels in patients with the cardiorenal anemia syndrome. American Heart Journal 2007;154(4):645.e9-15. [MEDLINE: 17892986]
83. Pratt RD. Epoetin delta for the treatment of anemia in patients with CKD not requiring hemodialysis [abstract no: TH-PO377]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2006;17(Abstracts):187A. [CENTRAL: CN-00765050]
84. Prior JE, Terzian A, Schwartz AB, Kim KE, Mintz GS, Kahn SB. Prolonged RBC survival and hematopoietic response to recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) in chronic renal failure (CRF) [abstract]. Kidney International 1989;35(1):318. [CENTRAL: CN-00766056]
85. Schwartz AB, Mintz GS, Kim KE, Prior JE, Kahn SB. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) increases MAP, TPRI and systolic and diastolic dysfunction with increased impedance to LV ejection due to increased HCT and RBC mass in PTS with CRF [abstract]. Kidney International 1989;35(1):334. [CENTRAL: CN-00766227]
86. Singh NP, Aggarwal L, Singh T, Anuradha S, Kohli R. Anaemia, iron studies and erythropoietin in patients of chronic renal failure. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 1999;47(3):284-90. [MEDLINE: 10999121]
87. Teehan P, Benz R, Sigler M, Brown J. Early intervention with recombinant human erythropoietin therapy. Seminars in Nephrology 1990;10(2 Suppl 1):28-34. [MEDLINE: 2192414]
88. Yamazaki C, Watanabe Y, Sakamoto N. Pharmacokinetic study of recombinant human erythropoietin treatment in pre-dialysis end stage renal disease patients. Nippon Jinzon Gakkai Shi [Japanese Journal of Nephrology] 1993;35(11):1233-42. [MEDLINE: 8139135]
89. Zheng FL, Bi ZQ, Yang ZP, Li XW, Pu YF, Duan L. Effect of administration of low doses of rHuEPO in predialysis patients [abstract]. 9th Asian Colloquium in Nephrology; 1992 May 17-21; Seoul, Korea. 1992:175. [CENTRAL: CN-00462065]
90. Anonymous . Association between recombinant human erythropoietin and quality of life and exercise capacity of patients receiving haemodialysis. Canadian Erythropoietin Study Group. BMJ 1990;300(6724):573-8. [MEDLINE: 2108751]
91. Garcia DL, Anderson S, Rennke HG, Bremner BM. Anemia lessens and its prevention with recombinant human erythropoietin worsens glomerular injury and hypertension in rats with reduced renal mass. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1988;85(16):6142-6. [MEDLINE: 3413082]
92. Harnett JD, Foley RN, Kent GM, Barre PE, Murray D, Parfrey PS. Congestive heart failure in dialysis patients: prevalence, incidence, prognosis and risk factors. Kidney International 1995;47(3):884-90. [MEDLINE: 7752588]
93. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 2003;327(7414):557-60. [MEDLINE: 12958120]
94. Higgins JP, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org.
95. Jensen JD, Madsen JK, Jensen LW, Pedersen EB. Reduced production, absorption, and elimination of erythropoietin in uremia compared with healthy volunteers. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 1994;5(2):177-85. [MEDLINE: 7993997]
96. Koch KM, Frei U. Treatment of renal anemia, 1960-1990. Advances in Nephrology From the Necker Hospital 1991;20:19-30. [MEDLINE: 2063711]
97. Levin A, Singer J, Thompson CR, Ross H, Lewis M. Prevalent left ventricular hypertrophy in the predialysis population: identifying opportunities for intervention. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 1996;27(3):347-54. [MEDLINE: 8604703]
98. Lin FK, Suggs S, Lin CH, Browne JK, Smalling R, Egrie JC, et al. Cloning and expression of the human erythropoietin gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1985;82(22):7580-4. [MEDLINE: 3865178]
99. Lundin AP. Quality of life: subjective and objective improvements with recombinant human erythropoietin therapy. Seminars in Nephrology 1989;9(1 Suppl 1):22-9. [MEDLINE: 2648517]
100. Muirhead N, Cattran DC, Zaltman J, Jindal K, First MR, Boucher A, et al. Safety and efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin in correcting the anemia of patients with chronic renal allograft dysfunction. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 1994;5(5):1216-22. [MEDLINE: 7873732]
101. Palmer SC, Nand K, Dwi Nur Hidayati L, Munasinghe A, Nelson C, Khafaji MM, et al. Continuous erythropoiesis receptor activator (CERA) for the anaemia of chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 6. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009904]
102. Palmer SC, Saglimbene V, Craig JC, Navaneethan SD, Strippoli GF. Darbepoetin for the anaemia of chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 3. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009297.pub2]
103. Sheingold SH. Cost-benefit analysis of using recombinant human erythropoietin for the anemia of chronic renal failure. Kidney International - Supplement 1990;3(7):20.
104. Thompson SG. Why sources of heterogeneity in meta-analysis should be investigated. BMJ 1994;309(6965):1351-5. [MEDLINE: 7866085]
105. Ward HJ. Implications of recombinant erythropoietin therapy for renal transplantation. American Journal of Nephrology 1990;10 Suppl 2:44-52. [MEDLINE: 2260618]
106. Winearls CG, Oliver DO, Pippard MJ, Reid C, Downing MR, Cotes PM. Effect of human erythropoietin derived from recombinant DNA on the anaemia of patients maintained by chronic haemodialysis. Lancet 1986;2(8517):1175-8. [MEDLINE: 2877323]
107. Cody J, Daly C, Campbell M, Donaldson C, Grant A, Khan I, et al. Recombinant human erythropoietin for chronic renal failure anaemia in pre-dialysis patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2001, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003266]
108. Cody JD, Daly C, Campbell MK, Khan I, Rabindranath KS, Vale L, et al. Recombinant human erythropoietin for chronic renal failure anaemia in pre-dialysis patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 3. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003266.pub2]