Type II solar radio bursts

Geophysical Monograph Series

Volumn 119, Issue , 2000, Pages 123-135

  Gopalswamy, N ^a,b  

^a NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^b CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84961751571     PISSN: 00658448     EISSN: 23288779     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1029/GM119p0123     Document Type: Chapter

References (96)

1. Aurass, H. and J. Rendtel, Flare- Type II Burst Association in the February 1986 Activity Complex, Solar Phys., 122, 381, 1989.
2. Aurass, H., Coronal mass ejections and type II radio bursts, in Coronal Physics from Radio and Space Observations, edited by G. Trottet, Springer-Verlag, New York, 135, 1997.
3. Boischot, A., A. C. Riddle, J. B. Pearce, J. W. Warwick, Shock waves and type II radio bursts in the interplanetary medium, Solar Phys., 65, 379, 1980.
4. Bougeret, J.-L., Observations of shock formation and evolution in the solar atmosphere, in Collisionless Shocks in the Heliosphere: Reviews of Current Research, edited by B. T. Tsurutani and R. G. Stone, AGU, Washington, D. C. p. 13, 1985.
5. Bougeret, J.-L. et al., Waves: The Radio and Plasma Wave Investigation on the Wind Spacecraft, Space Sci. Rev., 71, p. 231, 1995.
6. Bougeret, J. L. et al., A shock-associated (SA) radio event and related phenomena observed from the base of the solar corona to 1 AU, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2513, 1998.
7. Bravo, S. and X. Blanco-Cano, Signatures of interplanetary transients and their associated near-surface solar activity, Ann. Geophysicae, 16, 359, 1998.
8. Cane, H. V., The relationship between coronal transients, type II bursts and interplanetary shocks, Astron. Astrophys., 140, 205, 1984.
9. Cane, H. V., R. G. Stone, J. Fainberg, R. T. Stewart, J. L. Steinberg, and S. Hoang, Radio evidence for shock accelerated electrons in the Solar corona, Geophys. Res. Lett., 8, 1285, 1981.
10. Cane, H. V., N. R. Sheeley, Jr., and R. A. Howard, Energetic interplanetary shocks, radio emission, and coronal mass ejections, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9869, 1987.
11. Cane, H. V. and White, S. M., On the source conditions for herringbone structure in type II solar radio bursts, Solar Phys., 120, 137, 1989.
12. Cliver, E. W., D. F. Webb, and R. A. Howard, On the origin of solar metric type II bursts, Solar Phys., 187, 89, 1999.
13. Dodson, H. W., E. R. Hedeman and J. Chamberlain, Ejection of hydrogen and ionized calcium atoms with high velocity at the time of solar flares, Astrophys. J., 117, 66, 1953.
14. Dodge, J. C , Source regions for type II radio bursts, Solar Phys., 42, 445, 1975.
15. Garczynska, I. N., Propagation of sprays with deceleration, Solar Phys., 131, 129, 1991.
16. Gary, D. E., G. A. Dulk, L. House, R. Illing, C. Sawyer, W. J. Wagner, D. J. McLean, and E. Hildner, Astron. Astrophys., 134, 222, 1984.
17. Gergely, T. E., M. R. Kundu, F. Erskine, C. Sawyer, W. J. Wagner, R. Illing, L. L. House, M. K. McCabe, R. T. Stewart, and G. J. Nelson, Radio and visible-light observations of a coronal arcade transient, Solar Phys., 90, 161, 1984.
18. Giovanelli, R. G. and J. A. Roberts, in Paris Symposium on Radio Astronomy, edited by R. N. Bracewell, Stanford University Press, Stanford, p. 201, 1959.
19. Gopalswamy, N. and M. R. Kundu, The observation of an unusually fast type IV plasmoid, Astrophys. J., 365, L31, 1990.
20. Gopalswamy, N. and M. R. Kundu, Are Coronal Shocks Piston Driven? in AIP Conference Proceedings # 264: Particle Acceleration in Cosmic Plasmas, edited by G. P. Zank and T. K. Gaisser, American Institute of Physics, New York, p. 257, 1992.
21. Gopalswamy, N., M. R. Kundu, P. K. Manoharan, A. Raoult, N. Nitta and P. Zarka, X-ray and Radio studies of a coronal eruption: Shock wave, plasmoid and coronal mass ejection, Astrophys. J., 486, 1086, 1997.
22. Gopalswamy, N., M. L. Kaiser, R. P. Lepping, S. W. Kahler, K. Ogilvie, D. Berdichevsky, T. Kondo, T. Isobe and M. Akioka, Origin of coronal and interplanetary shocks- A new look with WIND spacecraft data, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 307, 1998.
23. Gopalswamy, N., M. L. Kaiser, R. J. MacDowall, M. J. Reiner, B. J. Thompson, O. C. St. Cyr, Dynamical phenomena associated with a coronal mass ejection, in Solar Wind Nine, AIP Conference Proceedings 471, edited by S. Habbal et al., p. 641 1999a.
24. Gopalswamy, N., M. L. Kaiser, B. J. Thompson, L. Burlaga, A. Szabo, A. Lara, A. Vourlidas, S. Yashiro, and J.-L. Bougeret, Radio-rich solar eruptive events, Geophys. Res. Lett., in press, 1999b.
25. Gopalswamy, N., N. Nitta, P. K. Manoharan, A. Raoult and M. Pick, X-ray and radio manifestations of a solar eruptive event, Astron. Astrophys., 347, 684, 1999c.
26. Gopalswamy, N., S. Yashiro, M. L. Kaiser and B. J. Thompson, and S. Plunkett, Multi-wavelength signatures of a coronal mass ejection, in Solar Physics with Radio Observations, ed. T. Bastian, N. Gopalswamy and K. Shibasaki, in press, 1999d.
27. Gopalswamy, N., M. L. Kaiser, J. Sato and M. Pick, Shock waves and electron beams during a hard X-ray flare, in Proc. HESSI Workshop, edited by R. Ramaty et al., in press, 2000.
28. Gosling, J. T., E. Hildner, R. M. MacQueen, R. H. Munro, A. I. Poland, and C. L. Ross, The speeds of coronal mass ejection events, Solar Phys., 48, 389, 1976.
29. Gosling, J. T., D. J. McComas, J. L. Phillips, L. A. Weiss, V. J. Pizzo, B. E. Goldstein, and R. J. Forsyth, A new class of forward-reverse shock pairs in the solar wind, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2271, 1994.
30. Grib, S. A., Koutchmy, S. and Sazonova, V. N., MHD shock interactions in coronal structures, Solar Phys., 169, 151, 1996.
31. Haddock, F., Introduction to radio astronomy, Proc. I. R. E., 46, 1, 1958.
32. Holman, G. D. and M. E. Pesses, Solar type II emission and the shock-drift acceleration of electrons, Astrophys. J., 267, 837, 1983.
33. Jones, D. L. et al., Astronomical Low Frequency Array and the Solar Imaging Array: ALFA/SIRA, this volume.
34. Kahler, S. W, N. R. Sheeley, Jr., R. H. Howard, D. J. Michels, M. J. Koomen, Characteristics of flares producing metric type II bursts and coronal mass ejections, Solar Phys., 93, 133, 1984.
35. Kahler, S. W., E. W. Cliver, and H. V. Cane, The relationship of shock-associated kilometric radio emission with metric type II bursts and energetic particles, Astrophys. J., 302, 504, 1986.
36. Kaiser, M. L., M. J. Reiner, R. A. Howard, N. Gopalswamy, O. C. St. Cyr, B. J. Thompson, and J.-L. Bougeret, Type II radio emissions in the frequency range from 1-14 MHz associated with the April 7, 1997 solar event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2501, 1998.
37. Karlicky, M. Narrow band dm-spikes as indication of flare mass ejection, Solar Phys., 92, 329, 1984.
38. Klassen, A., H. Aurass, K. L. Klein, A. Hofmann, and G. Mann, Radio evidence on shock wave formation in the solar corona, Astron. Astrophys., 343, 287, 1999a.
39. Klassen, A., M. Karlicky, H. Aurass, and K. Jiricka, On discriminating different flare shocks during the flare of 9 July, 1996, Solar Phys., in press, 1999b.
40. Klein, K.-L., J. I. Khan, N. Vilmer, J.-M. DeLouis, and H. Aurass, X-ray and radio evidence on the origin of a coronal shock wave, Astron. Astrophys., 346, L53, 1999.
41. Kruger, A., Introduction to solar Radio astronomy and Radio Physics, Reidel, Dodrecht, 1979.
42. Kundu, M. R., Solar Radio Astronomy, Interscience Publishers, N. Y., 1965.
43. Kundu, M. R. and R. G. Stone, Observations of solar radio bursts from meter to kilometer wavelengths, Adv. Space Res., 4, 261, 1984.
44. Kundu, M. R., N. Gopalswamy, N., S. M. White, P. Cargill, E. J Schmahl, and E. Hildner, The radio signatures of a slow coronal mass ejection- Electron acceleration at slowmode shocks? Astrophys. J., 347, 505, 1989.
45. Kundu, M. R. and N. Gopalswamy, Meter-decameter radio emissions associated with a CME and a disappearing filament, in Eruptive Solar Flares, Z. Svestka, B. V. Jackson and M. E. Machado (eds), Lecture Notes in Physics Series 399, Springer Verlag, New York, p. 268, 1992.
46. Lembege, B., Numerical simulations of shock electron acceleration in solar physics, in Coronal Magnetic Energy Releases, Edited by A. O. Benz, and A. Kruger, (Berlin: Springer), p. 201, 1995.
47. Lengyel-Frey, D., G. Thejappa, R.J. MacDowall, R.G. Stone, and J. L. Phillips, Ulysses Observations of Wave Activity at Interplanetary Shocks and Implications for Type II Radio Bursts, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 2611, 1997.
48. MacDowall, R. J., R. G. Stone, and M. R. Kundu, 1987, Characteristics of shock-associated fast-drift kilometric radio bursts, Solar Phys., Ill, 397, 1987.
49. Maia, D., M. Pick, R. Howard, G. E. Brueckner, and P. Lamy, The April 7, 1997 Event: LASCO and Nancay Radioheliograph Joint Observations, Proc. of the Fifth SOHO Workshop, 'The Corona and Solar Wind Near Minimum Activity,' ESA-SP 404, p. 539, 1997.
50. Malitson, H. H., J. Fainberg, and R. G. Stone, Observations of a type II radio burst to 37 Ro, Astrophys. Phys. Lett., 14, 111, 1973.
51. Mann, G., Theory and observations of coronal shock waves, 1995; in Coronal magnetic Energy Releases, Edited by A. O. Benz, and A. Kruger, Springer, Berlin, p. 183, 1995.
52. Mann, G. et al., Catalogue of solar type II radio bursts observed from September 1990 to December 1993 and their statistical analysis, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser., 119, 489, 1996.
53. Markeev, A. K., V. V. Formichev, I. M. Chertok, A. Bhatnagar, R. M. Jain, R. N. Shelke, and R. V. Bhonsle, Ushaped type II solar radio bursts associated with the 1980 March 28 flare, BASI, 11, 318, 1983.
54. Maxwell, A. and A. R. Thompson, Spectral observations of solar radio bursts II: Slow drift bursts and coronal streamers, Astrophys. J., 135, 138, 1962.
55. McLean, D. J., Proc. Astron. Soc. Australia, 1, 47, 1967.
56. Moreton, G. F., Fast-moving disturbances on the Sun, Sky and Telescope, 21, 145, 1961.
57. Munro, R. H., J. T. Gosling, E. Hildner, R. M. MacQueen, A. I. Poland and C. L. Ross, The association of coronal mass ejection transients with other forms of solar activity, Solar Phys., 61, 201, 1979.
58. Nakajima, H., Kawashima, S., Shinohara, N., Shiomi, Y., Enome, S. and Rieger, E., A high-speed shock wave in the impulsive phase of 1984 April 24 flare, Astrophys. J., 73, 177, 1990.
59. Nelson, G. J, and R. D. Robinson, Multi-frequency heliograph observations of type II bursts, PASA, 2, 370, 1975.
60. Nelson, G. J., and D. B. Melrose, in Solar Radio Physics, edited by D. J. McLean and N. R. Labrum, Cambridge, New York, P. 333, 1985.
61. Odstrcil, D. and Pizzo, V., Three dimensional propagation of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in a structured solar wind flow 1. CME launched within the streamer belt, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 483, 1999.
62. Payne-Scott, R., D. E. Yabsley and J. G. Bolton, Relative times of arrival of bursts of solar noise on different radio frequencies, Nature, 160, 256, 1947.
63. Pearson, D. H., R. Nelson, G. Kojoian, and J. Seal, Impulsiveness and energetics in solar flares with and without type II radio bursts- A comparison of hard X-ray characteristics for over 2500 solar flares Astrophys. J., 336, 1050, 1989.
64. Reiner, M. J. and M. L. Kaiser, High-frequency type II radio emissions associated with shocks driven by coronal mass ejections, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16979, 1999.
65. Reiner, M. J., M. Karlicky, K. Jiricka, H. Auras, G. Mann, and. L. Kaiser, On the solar origin of complex type Illlike bursts at and below 1 MHz, J. Geophys. Res., (submitted), 1999.
66. Roberts, J. A., Solar radio bursts of spectral type II, Aust. J. Phys., 12, 327, 1959.
67. Robinson, R. D., Velocities of type II solar radio events, Solar Phys., 95, 343, 1985.
68. Robinson, R. D. and K. V. Sheridan, A study of multiple type II solar radio events, Proc. Astron. Soc. Australia, 4, 392, 1982.
69. Robinson, R. D. and R. T. Stewart, A positional comparison between coronal mass ejection events and solar type II bursts, Solar phys., 97, 145, 1985.
70. Sakurai, T., K. Ichimoto, K. Strong, E. Hiei, M. Irie, K. Kumagai, M. Miyashita, Y. Nishino, K. Yamaguchi, G. Fang, M. Kambry, Z. Zhao, and K. Shinoda, White-light flares of 1991 June in the NOAA region 6659, PASJ, 44, L7, 1992.
71. Sheeley, N. R. Jr., R. T. Stewart, R. D. Robinson, R. A. Howard, M. J. Koomen, and D. J. Michels, Associations between coronal mass ejections and metric type II bursts, Astrophys. J., 279, 839, 1984.
72. Sheeley, N. R. Jr., R. A. Howard, D. J. Michels, M. J. Koomen, R. Schwenn, K. H. Muehlhaeuser, and H. Rosenbauser, Coronal mass ejections and interplanetary shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 163, 1985.
73. Shelke, R. N. and M. C. Pande, Propagation of type II burst shock waves along the radial magnetic field in the solar corona, BASI, 13, 62, 1985.
74. Smerd, S. F., K. V. Sheridan, and R. T. Stewart, On splitband structure in type II radio bursts from the Sun, in Proceedings from IAU Symposium no. 57, edited by G. A. Newkirk, Reidel, Boston, p. 389, 1974.
75. Smith, S. F. and K. L. Harvey, Observational effects of flare associated waves, in Physics of the Solar Corona, edited by C. J. Macris, D. Reidel, Boston, p.156, 1971.
76. Smith, D. F. and S. H. Brecht, Shock formation time and the variability of prompt Mev proton acceleration in solar flares, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 205, 1985.
77. Stewart, R. T., Association of type II solar radio bursts with coronal structures above H-alpha filament channels, Solar Phys., 94, 379, 1984.
78. Stewart, R. T. and A. Magun, Radio evidence for electron acceleration by transverse shock waves in herringbone type II solar radio bursts, PASA, 4, 53, 1980.
79. Suzuki, S., R. T. Stewart and A. Magun, Polarization of herringbone structure in Type II bursts, in Radio Physics of the Sun, edited by M. R. Kundu and T. E. Gergely, D. Reidel, Boston, p. 241, 1990.
80. Sveztka, Z., Solar Flares, D. Reidel, Dordrecht, 1976.
81. Thompson, B. J., S. P. Plunkett, J. B. Gurman, J. S. Newmark, O. C. St. Cyr, and D. J. Michels, SOHO/EIT observations of an Earth-directed coronal mass ejection on May 12, 1997, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2465, 1998.
82. Thompson, B. J. et al., SOHO/EIT Observations of the 1997 April 7 Coronal Transient: Possible Evidence of Coronal Moreton Waves, Astrophys. J., 517, L151, 1999a.
83. Thompson, B. J., et al., Observations of the September 24, 1997 coronal flare waves, Solar Phys., in press, 1999b.
84. Treumann, R. A. and J. LaBelle, Band splitting in solar type II radio bursts Astrophys. J., 399, L167, 1992.
85. Uchida, Y., On the exciters of type II and type III solar radio burst, PASJ, 12, 376, 1960.
86. Uchida, Y., Propagation of hydromagnetic disturbances in the solar corona and Moreton's wave phenomenon, Solar Phys., 4, 30, 1968.
87. Uchida, Y., Behavior of the flare produced coronal MHD wave front and the occurrence of type II radio bursts, Solar Phys., 39, 431, 1974.
88. Vrsnak, B., V. Ruzdjak, P. Zlobec and H. Aurass, Ignition of MHD shocks associated with solar flares, Solar Phys., 158, 331, 1995.
89. Wagner, W. J. and R. M. MacQueen, The excitation of type II radio bursts in the corona, Astron. Astrophys., 120, 136, 1983.
90. Webb, D. F., J. T. Nolte, C. V. Solodyna and P. S. Mcintosh, Evidence linking coronal transients to the evolution of coronal holes, Solar Phys., 58, 389, 1978.
91. Weiss, A. A., The positions and movements of the sources of solar radio bursts of type II, Australian J. Phys., 16, 240, 1963.
92. Weiss, A. A., The nature and velocity of the source of type II solar radio bursts, Australian J. Phys., 18, 167, 1965.
93. Wild, J. P. and McCready, L. L., Observations of the spect r um of high intensity solar radiation at meter wavelengths, Austral. J. Sci. Res., A 3, 387, 1950.
94. Wild, J. P., Sheridan, K. V. and Trent, G. H., The transverse motions of the sources of solar radio bursts, in Paris Symposium on Radio Astronomy, edited by R. N. Bracewell, Stanford Univ. Press, p. 176, 1959.
95. Zheleznyakov, V. V., Radio emission of the Sun and planets, Pergamon Press, New York, 1969.
96. Zlotnik, E. Ya., A. Klassen, K.-L. Klein, H. Aurass, and G. Mann, Third harmonic plasma emission in solar type II radio bursts, Astron. Astrophys., 311, 1087, 1998.