Narrative review of primary care pointof- care testing (POCT) and antibacterial use in respiratory tract infection (RTI)

BMJ Open Respiratory Research

Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 1-10

  Cooke, Jonathan ^a,b   Butler, Christopher ^c,d   Hopstaken, Rogier ^e   Dryden, Matthew Scott ^f   McNulty, Cliodna ^g   Hurding, Simon ^h,i   Moore, Michael ^j   Livermore, David Martin ^k,l  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^d CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^e Thrombosis Service and Primary Care Diagnostic Centre Saltro   (Netherlands)

^f BASINGSTOKE AND NORTH HAMPSHIRE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^g GLOUCESTERSHIRE ROYAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^h SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT   (United Kingdom)

ⁱ NHS LOTHIAN   (United Kingdom)

^j UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^k UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

^l PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND   (United Kingdom)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; PHOSPHORYLCHOLINE; PROCALCITONIN;

ARTICLE; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; COUGHING; DRUG USE; EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOCIETY; GENERAL PRACTITIONER; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HUMAN; LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); NATIONAL HEALTH ORGANIZATION; POINT OF CARE TESTING; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRESCRIPTION; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND; QUALITY ADJUSTED LIFE YEAR; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; RHINOSINUSITIS; SINUSITIS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (TOPIC);

EID: 84961409619     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20524439     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2015-000086     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR). Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance 2014 April 2014. 257p.
2. Chan M. Antimicrobial resistance: no action today, no cure tomorrow. World Health Day 2011 Combat antimicrobial resistance. Geneva: Director-General of the World Health Organization, 2011.
3. Davies SC. Annual Report of the Chief Medical Officer. Volume Two, 2011. Infections and the rise of antimicrobial resistance. London: Department of Health, 2013.
4. Department of Health. UK 5 year antimicrobial resistance strategy 2013 to 2018. London: Department of Health 2013.
5. Bragginton EC, Piddock LJV. UK and European Union public and charitable funding from 2008 to 2013 for bacteriology and antibiotic research in the UK: an observational study. Lancet Infect Dis 2014;14:857-68.
6. Longitude Prize 2014-Antibiotics 2014. http://www.longitudeprize. org/
7. Goossens H, Ferech M, Vander Stichele R, et al. Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: a cross-national database study. Lancet 2005;365:579-87.
8. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Respiratory tract infections-antibiotic prescribing for self-limiting respiratory tract infections in adults and children in primary care. NICE clinical guideline 69, 2008.
9. Smith SM, Fahey T, Smucny J, et al. Antibiotics for acute bronchitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014:3:CD000245.
10. Spinks A, Glasziou PP, Del Mar CB. Antibiotics for sore throat. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;11:CD000023.
11. Ahovuo-Saloranta A, Rautakorpi UM, Borisenko OV, et al. Antibiotics for acute maxillary sinusitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;2:CD000243.
12. Venekamp RP, Sanders S, Glasziou PP, et al. Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;1: CD000219.
13. Butler CC, Hood K, Verheij T, et al. Variation in antibiotic prescribing and its impact on recovery in patients with acute cough in primary care: prospective study in 13 countries. BMJ 2009;338:b2242.
14. Little P, Stuart B, Francis N, et al. Effects of internet-based training on antibiotic prescribing rates for acute respiratory-tract infections: a multinational, cluster, randomised, factorial, controlled trial. Lancet 2013;382:1175-82.
15. Petersen I, Johnson AM, Islam A, et al. Protective effect of antibiotics against serious complications of common respiratory tract infections: retrospective cohort study with the UK General Practice Research Database. BMJ 2007;335:982.
16. Hawker JI, Smith S, Smith GE, et al. Trends in antibiotic prescribing in primary care for clinical syndromes subject to national recommendations to reduce antibiotic resistance, UK 1995-2011: analysis of a large database of primary care consultations. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014;69:3423-30.
17. Christensen SF. Marked differences in GPs' diagnosis of pneumonia between Denmark and Spain: a cross-sectional study. Prim Care Respir J 2013;22:454-8.
18. Melbye H, Straume B, Aasebo U, et al. The diagnosis of adult pneumonia in general practice. The diagnostic value of history, physical examination and some blood tests. Scand J Prim Health Care 1988;6:111-17.
19. Hopstaken RM, Muris JW, Knottnerus JA, et al. Contributions of symptoms, signs, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein to a diagnosis of pneumonia in acute lower respiratory tract infection. Br J Gen Pract 2003;53:358-64.
20. van Vugt SF, Verheij TJ, de Jong PA, et al. Diagnosing pneumonia in patients with acute cough: clinical judgment compared to chest radiography. Eur Respir J 2013;42:1076-82.
21. Cals JW, Schols AM, van Weert HC, et al. [Point-of-care testing in family practices: present use and need for tests in the future]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2014;158:A8210.
22. Simon L, Gauvin F, Amre DK, et al. Serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels as markers of bacterial infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:206-17.
23. Saeed K, Dryden M, Bourne S, et al. Reduction in antibiotic use through procalcitonin testing in patients in the medical admission unit or intensive care unit with suspicion of infection. J Hosp Infect 2011;78:289-92.
24. van Vugt SF, Broekhuizen BD, Lammens C, et al. Use of serum C reactive protein and procalcitonin concentrations in addition to symptoms and signs to predict pneumonia in patients presenting to primary care with acute cough: diagnostic study. BMJ 2013;346: f2450.
25. Schuetz P, Muller B, Christ-Crain M, et al. Procalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;9:CD007498.
26. Aabenhus R, Jensen JU. Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic treatment of respiratory tract infections in a primary care setting: are we there yet? Prim Care Respir J 2011;20:360-7.
27. Volanakis JE. Human C-reactive protein: expression, structure, and function. Mol Immunol 2001;38:189-97.
28. Tillett WS, Francis T. Serological reactions in pneumonia with a non-protein somatic fraction of pneumococcus. J Exp Med 1930;52:561-71.
29. Clyne B, Olshaker JS. The C-reactive protein1. J Emerg Med 1999;17:1019-25.
30. Andreeva E, Melbye H. Usefulness of C-reactive protein testing in acute cough/respiratory tract infection: an open cluster-randomized clinical trial with C-reactive protein testing in the intervention group. BMC Fam Pract 2014;15:80.
31. Aabenhus R, Jensen Jens-Ulrik S, Jørgensen Karsten J, et al. Biomarkers as point-of-care tests to guide prescription of antibiotics in patients with acute respiratory infections in primary care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;11:CD010130. http:// onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD010130.pub2/ abstract
32. Bjerrum L, Gahrn-Hansen B, Munck AP. General practitioners who use CRP have a lower antibiotic prescribing rate to patients with sinusitis-secondary publication. Ugeskr Laeger 2005;167:2775-7.
33. Cals JWL, Marjolein JC, Schot Sanne AM, et al. Point-of-care C-reactive protein testing and antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Fam Med 2010;8:124-33.
34. Diederichsen HZ, Skamling M, Diederichsen A, et al. Randomised controlled trial of CRP rapid test as a guide to treatment of respiratory infections in general practice. Scand J Prim Health Care 2000;18:39-43.
35. Streit S, Frey P, Singer S, et al. Clinical and haematological predictors of antibiotic prescribing for acute cough in adults in Swiss practices inverted question mark an observational study. BMC Fam Pract 2015;16:15.
36. van der Meer V, Neven AK, van den Broek PJ, et al. Diagnostic value of C reactive protein in infections of the lower respiratory tract: systematic review. BMJ 2005;331:26.
37. Falk G, Fahey T. C-reactive protein and community-acquired pneumonia in ambulatory care: systematic review of diagnostic accuracy studies. Fam Pract 2009;26:10-21.
38. Cals JW, Hopstaken RM, Butler CC, et al. Improving management of patients with acute cough by C-reactive protein point of care testing and communication training (IMPAC3T): study protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Fam Pract 2007;8:15.
39. Cals JW, Chappin FH, Hopstaken RM, et al. C-reactive protein point-of-care testing for lower respiratory tract infections: a qualitative evaluation of experiences by GPs. Fam Pract 2010;27:212-18.
40. Cals JWL, Butler CC, Hopstaken RM, et al. Effect of point of care testing for C reactive protein and training in communication skills on antibiotic use in lower respiratory tract infections: cluster randomised trial. BMJ 2009;338:b1374.
41. Kavanagh KE, O'Shea E, Halloran R, et al. A pilot study of the use of near-patient C-reactive protein testing in the treatment of adult respiratory tract infections in one Irish general practice. BMC Fam Pract 2011;12:93.
42. Butler CC, Simpson S, Wood F. General practitioners' perceptions of introducing near-patient testing for common infections into routine primary care: a qualitative study. Scand J Prim Health Care 2008;26:17-21.
43. Wood F, Brookes-Howell L, Hood K, et al. A multi-country qualitative study of clinicians' and patients' views on point of care tests for lower respiratory tract infection. Fam Pract 2011;28:661-9.
44. Liu A. Serum C-reactive protein as a biomarker for early detection of bacterial infection in the older patient. Age Ageing 2010;39: 559-65.
45. Hopstaken RM, Stobberingh EE, Knottnerus JA, et al. Clinical items not helpful in differentiating viral from bacterial lower respiratory tract infections in general practice. J Clin Epidemiol 2005;58:175-83.
46. Cals JW, Ament AJ, Hood K, et al. C-reactive protein point of care testing and physician communication skills training for lower respiratory tract infections in general practice: economic evaluation of a cluster randomized trial. J Eval Clin Pract 2011;17:1059-69.
47. Oppong R. Cost-effectiveness of point-of-care C-reactive protein testing to inform antibiotic prescribing decisions. Br J Gen Pract 2013;63:e465-71.
48. Hunter R. Cost-effectiveness of point-of-care C-reactive protein tests for respiratory tract infection in primary care in England. Adv Ther 2015;32:69-85.
49. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Pneumonia: diagnosis and management of community-and hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults (draft guidance). Guideline development Group, 2014.
50. Public Health England and the British Infection Association. Managing common infections: overview of guidance for primary care. Public Health England and the British Infection Association, 2014.
51. Woodhead M, Blasi F, Ewig S, et al. Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections-full version. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011;17(Suppl 6):E1-59.
52. Alere. Use of CRP POCT in European countries. 2014.
53. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). ECDC Surveillance report. Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption in Europe. Stockholm:2014.
54. Verlee L, Verheij TJ, Hopstaken RM, et al. Summary of NHG practice guideline 'Acute cough'. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2012;156: A4188. Complete guideline now available in English.
55. Huang Y, Chen R, Wu T, et al. Association between point-of-care CRP testing and antibiotic prescribing in respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary care studies. Br J Gen Pract 2013;63:787-94.