The response of the Southern Ocean and Antarctic sea ice to freshwater from ice shelves in an earth system model

Journal of Climate

Volumn 29, Issue 5, 2016, Pages 1655-1672

  Pauling, Andrew G ^a   Bitz, Cecilia M ^b   Smith, Inga J ^a   Langhorne, Patricia J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Antarctica; Atm Ocean Structure Phenomena; Freshwater; General circulation models; Geographic location entity; Ice shelves; Models and modeling; Oceanic mixed layer; Sea ice

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE MODELS; GLACIERS; OCEANOGRAPHY; SEA ICE; SURFACE WATERS; WATER;

ANTARCTICA; FRESHWATER; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION; ICE SHELVES; OCEANIC MIXED LAYERS;

ICE;

FRESHWATER INPUT; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; ICE SHEET; ICE SHELF; MIXED LAYER; SEA ICE;

ANTARCTICA; SOUTHERN OCEAN;

EID: 84960905677     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0501.1     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Aiken, C. M., and M. H. England, 2008: Sensitivity of the present-day climate to freshwater forcing associated with Antarctic sea ice loss. J. Climate, 21, 3936-3946, doi:10.1175/2007JCLI1901.1.
2. Barletta, V. R., L. S. Sorensen, and R. Forsberg, 2013: Scatter of mass changes estimates at basin scale for Greenland and Antarctica. Cryosphere, 7, 1411-1432, doi:10.5194/tc-7-1411-2013.
3. Beckmann, A., and H. Goosse, 2003: A parametrization of ice shelf-ocean interaction for climate models. Ocean Modell., 5, 157-170, doi:10.1016/S1463-5003(02)00019-7.
4. Bintanja, R., G. J. van Oldenborgh, S. S. Drijfhout, B. Wouters, and C. A. Katsman, 2013: Important role for ocean warming and increased ice-shelf melt in Antarctic sea ice expansion. Nat. Geosci., 6, 376-379, doi:10.1038/ngeo1767.
5. Bintanja, R., G. J. van Oldenborgh, and C. A. Katsman, 2015: The effect of increased fresh water from Antarctic ice shelves on future trends in Antarctic sea ice. Ann. Glaciol., 56, 120-126, doi:10.3189/2015AoG69A001.
6. Depoorter, M. A., J. L. Bamber, J. A. Griggs, J. T.M. Lenaerts, S. R. M. Ligtenburg, M. R. van den Broeke, and G. Moholdt, 2013: Calving fluxes and basal melt rates of Antarctic ice shelves. Nature, 502, 89-92, doi:10.1038/nature12567.
7. Ding, Q. H., E. J. Steig, D. S. Battisti, and M. Kuttel, 2011: Winter warming in West Antarctica caused by central tropical Pacific warming. Nat. Geosci., 4, 398-403, doi:10.1038/ngeo1129.
8. Eisenman, I., W. N. Meier, and J. R. Norris, 2014: A spurious jump in the satellite record: Has Antarctic sea ice expansion been overestimated? Cryosphere, 8, 1289-1296, doi:10.5194/tc-8-1289-2014.
9. Fan, T., C. Deser, and D. P. Schneider, 2014: Recent Antarctic sea ice trends in the context of Southern Ocean surface climate variations since 1950. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 2419-2426, doi:10.1002/2014GL059239.
10. Ferreira, D., J. Marshall, C. M. Bitz, S. Solomon, and A. Plumb, 2015: Antarctic ocean and sea ice response to ozone depletion: Atwo-time-scale problem. J. Climate, 28, 1206-1226, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00313.1.
11. Flato, G., and Coauthors, 2013: Evaluation of climate models. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, T. F. Stocker et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 126 pp. [Available online at https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter09_FINAL.pdf.]
12. Gille, S. T., 2008: Decadal-scale temperature trends in the Southern Hemisphere ocean. J. Climate, 21, 4749-4765, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2131.1.
13. Goosse, H., and V. Zunz, 2014: Decadal trends in the Antarctic sea ice extent ultimately controlled by ice-ocean feedback. Cryosphere, 8, 453-470, doi:10.5194/tc-8-453-2014.
14. Hellmer, H. H., 2004: Impact of Antarctic ice shelf basal melting on sea ice and deep ocean properties. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L10307, doi:10.1029/2004gl019506.
15. Holland, M. M., E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, J. Kay, and S. Vavrus, 2013: Initial-value predictability of Antarctic sea ice in the Community Climate System Model 3. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 2121-2124, doi:10.1002/grl.50410.
16. Holland, P. R., and R. Kwok, 2012: Wind-driven trends in Antarctic sea ice drift. Nat. Geosci., 5, 872-875, doi:10.1038/ngeo1627.
17. Holland, P. R., N. Bruneau, C. Enright, M. Losch, N. T. Kurtz, and R. Kwok, 2014: Modeled trends in Antarctic sea ice thickness. J. Climate, 27, 3784-3801, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00301.1.
18. Hurrell, J. W., and Coauthors, 2013: The Community Earth System Model: A framework for collaborative research. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94, 1339-1360, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00121.1.
19. Jacobs, S. S., A. Jenkins, C. F. Giulivi, and P. Dutrieux, 2011: Stronger ocean circulation and increased melting under Pine Island Glacier ice shelf. Nat. Geosci., 4, 519-523, doi:10.1038/ngeo1188.
20. Jongma, J. I., E. Driesschaert, T. Fichefet, H. Goosse, and H. Renssen, 2009: The effect of dynamic-thermodynamic icebergs on the Southern Ocean in a three-dimensional model. Ocean Modell., 26, 104-113, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.09.007.
21. Kay, J. E., and Coauthors, 2015: The Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble Project: A community resource for studying climate change in the presence of internal climate variability. Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 96, 1333-1349, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00255.1.
22. King, M. A., R. J. Bingham, P. Moore, P. L. Whitehouse, M. J. Bentley, and G. A. Milne, 2012: Lower satellite-gravimetry estimates of Antarctic sea-level contribution. Nature, 491, 586-589, doi:10.1038/nature11621.
23. Li, X. C., D. M. Holland, E. P. Gerber, and C. Yoo, 2014: Impacts of the north and tropical Atlantic Ocean on the Antarctic Peninsula and sea ice. Nature, 505, 538-542, doi:10.1038/nature12945.
24. Liston, G. E., and J.-G. Winther, 2005: Antarctic surface and subsurface snow and ice melt fluxes. J. Climate, 18, 1469-1481, doi:10.1175/JCLI3344.1.
25. Maksym, T., S. E. Stammerjohn, S. Ackley, and R. Massom, 2012: Antarctic sea ice-A polar opposite? Oceanography, 25, 140-151, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2012.88.
26. Martin, T., and A. Adcroft, 2010: Parameterizing the fresh-water flux from land ice to ocean with interactive icebergs in a coupled climate model. Ocean Modell., 34, 111-124, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.05.001.
27. McMillan, M., A. Shepherd, A. Sundal, K. Briggs, A. Muir, A. Ridout, A. Hogg, and D. Wingham, 2014: Increased ice losses from Antarctica detected by CryoSat-2. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 3899-3905, doi:10.1002/2014GL060111.
28. Oleson, K. W., and Coauthors, 2013: Technical description of version 4.5 of the Community Land Model (CLM). NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-5031STR, 233 pp., doi:10.5065/D6RR1W7M.
29. Paolo, F. S., H. A. Fricker, and L. Padman, 2015: Volume loss from Antarctic ice shelves is accelerating. Science, 348, 327-331, doi:10.1126/science.aaa0940.
30. Polvani, L. M., and K. L. Smith, 2013: Can natural variability explain observed Antarctic sea ice trends? New modelling evidence from CMIP5. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 3195-3199, doi:10.1002/grl.50578.
31. Renwick, J. A., A. Kohout, and S. Dean, 2012: Atmospheric forcing of Antarctic sea ice on intraseasonal time scales. J. Climate, 25, 5962-5975, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00423.1.
32. Rignot, E., I. Velicogna, M. R. van den Broeke, A. Monaghan, and J. Lenaerts, 2011: Acceleration of the contribution of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to sea level rise. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L05503, doi:10.1029/2011GL047109.
33. Rignot, E., S. Jacobs, J. Mouginot, and B. Scheuchl, 2013: Ice-shelf melting around Antarctica. Science, 341, 266-270, doi:10.1126/science.1235798.
34. Rye, C. D., A. C. N. Garabato, P. R. Holland, M. P. Meredith, A. J. G. Nurser, C. W. Hughes, A. C. Coward, and D. J. Webb, 2014: Rapid sea-level rise along the Antarctic margins in response to increased glacial discharge. Nat. Geosci., 7, 732-735, doi:10.1038/ngeo2230.
35. Screen, J. A., and I. Simmonds, 2010: The central role of diminishing sea ice in recent Artic temperature amplification. Nature, 464, 1334-1337, doi:10.1038/nature09051.
36. Shepherd, A., D. Wingham, D. Wallis, K. Giles, S. Laxon, and A. V. Sundal, 2010: Recent loss of floating ice and the consequent sea level contribution. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L13503, doi:10.1029/2010GL042496.
37. Shepherd, A., and Coauthors, 2012:Areconciled estimate of ice-sheet mass balance. Science, 338, 1183-1189, doi:10.1126/science.1228102.
38. Stammerjohn, S. E., D. G. Martinson, R. C. Smith, X. Yuan, and D. Rind, 2008: Trends in Antarctic annual sea ice retreat and advance and their relation to El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Southern Annular Mode variability. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 113, C03S90, doi:10.1029/2007JC004269.
39. Sutterley, T. C., I. Velicogna, E. Rignot, J. Mouginot, T. Flament, M. R. van den Broeke, J. M. van Wessem, and C. H. Reijmer, 2014: Mass loss of the Amundsen Sea Embayment of West Antarctica from four independent techniques. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 8421-8428, doi:10.1002/2014GL061940.
40. Swart, N. C., and J. C. Fyfe, 2013: The influence of recent Antarctic ice sheet retreat on simulated sea ice area trends. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 4328-4332, doi:10.1002/grl.50820.
41. Swingedouw, D., T. Fichefet, P. Huybrechts, H. Goosse, E. Driesschaert, and M.-F. Loutre, 2008: Antarctic ice-sheet melting provides negative feedbacks on future climate warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L17705, doi:10.1029/2008GL034410.
42. Taylor, K. E., R. J. Stouffer, and G. A. Meehl, 2012: An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93, 485-498, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1.
43. Timmermann, R., and Coauthors, 2010: A consistent dataset of Antarctic ice sheet topography, cavity geometry, and global bathymetry. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 2, 261-273, doi:10.5194/essd-2-261-2010.
44. Turner, J., and Coauthors, 2009: Non-annular atmospheric circulation change induced by stratospheric ozone depletion and its role in the recent increase of Antarctic sea ice extent. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L08502, doi:10.1029/2009GL037524.
45. Turner, J., J. S. Hosking, T. Phillips, and G. J. Marhsall, 2013: Temporal and spatial evolution of the Antarctic sea ice prior to the September 2012 record maximum extent. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5894-5898, doi:10.1002/2013GL058371.
46. Vaughan, D. G., and Coauthors, 2013: Observations: Cryosphere. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, T. F. Stocker et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 66 pp. [Available online at https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter04_FINAL.pdf.]
47. Velicogna, I., and J. Wahr, 2013: Time-variable gravity observations of ice sheet mass balance: Precision and limitations of the GRACE satellite data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 3055-3063, doi:10.1002/grl.50527.
48. Williams, S. D. P., P. Moore, M. A. King, and P. L. Whitehouse, 2014: Revisiting GRACE Antarctic ice mass trends and accelerations considering autocorrelation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 385, 12-21, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.016.
49. Zunz, V., and H. Goosse, 2015: Influence of freshwater input on the skill of decadal forecast of sea ice in the Southern Ocean. Cryosphere, 9, 541-556, doi:10.5194/tc-9-541-2015.
50. Zunz, V., H. Goosse, and F. Massonet, 2013: How does internal variability influence the ability of CMIP5 models to reproduce the recent trend in Southern Ocean sea ice extent. Cryosphere, 7, 451-468, doi:10.5194/tc-7-451-2013.
51. Zwally, H. J., M. B. Giovinetto, J. Li, H. G. Cornejo, M. A. Beckley, A. C. Brenner, J. L. Saba, and D. H. Yi, 2005: Mass changes of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and shelves and contributions to sea-level rise: 1992-2002. J. Glaciol., 51, 509-527, doi:10.3189/172756505781829007.