A proposed model to conduct process and outcome evaluations and implementation research of child health programs in Africa using integrated community case management as an example

Journal of Global Health

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2014, Pages

  Diaz, Theresa ^a   Guenther, Tanya ^b   Oliphant, Nicholas P ^a   Muñiz, Maria ^a   Barbera, Yolanda ^c   Amouzou, Agbessi ^a   Pagnoni, Franco ^d   Pratt, Abigail ^e   Morris, Saul ^f   Counihan, Helen ^g   Collins, David ^h   Jarrah, Zina ^h   Kadobera, Daniel ⁱ   Rutebemberwa, Elizeus ^j   Siribie, Mohamadou ^k   Sirima, Sodiomon Bienvenu ^l   Chinbuah, Margaret Amanua ^m   Gyapong, John O ⁿ   Basinga, Paulin ^o   Doherty, Tanya ^p   Hamer, Davidson H ^q   Yeboah Antwi, Kojo ^q   more..

^a UNICEF   (United States)

^b SAVE THE CHILDREN   (United States)

^c INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE   (United States)

^d WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

^e POPULATION SERVICES INTERNATIONAL   (United States)

^f Children's Investment Fund Foundation   (United Kingdom)

^g MALARIA CONSORTIUM   (United Kingdom)

^h MANAGEMENT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH   (United States)

ⁱ KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^j MAKERERE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES   (Uganda)

^k Centre de Recherche Action en Sante GRAS   (Burkina Faso)

^l Burkina Faso National Meteorological Service   (Burkina Faso)

^m GHANA HEALTH SERVICE   (Ghana)

ⁿ UNIVERSITY OF GHANA   (Ghana)

^o BILL AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION   (United States)

^p SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL   (South Africa)

^q BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84960888784     PISSN: 20472978     EISSN: 20472986     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7189/jogh.04.020409     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Oxman AD, Bjørndal A, Becerra-Posada F, Gibson M, Block MA, Haines A, et al. A framework for mandatory impact evaluation to ensure well informed public policy decisions. Lancet. 2010;375:427-31. Medline:20113827 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61251-4
2. Bryce J, Victoria CG. Ten methodological lessons from the multi-country evaluation of integrated management of Childhood Illnesses. Health Policy Plan. 2005;20 Suppl 1:i94-105. Medline:16306075 doi:10.1093/heapol/ czi056
3. Victora CG, Schellenberg JA, Huicho L, Amaral J, El Arifeen S, Pariyo G, et al. Context matters: interpreting findings in child Survival evaluations. Health Policy Plan. 2005;20 Suppl 1:i18-31. Medline:16306066 doi:10.1093/heapol/czi050
4. The Development Assistance Committee (DAC) Working Party on Aid Evaluation of OECD. Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results Based Management. Paris: OECD Publications, 2002. Available at: http://www. oecd.org/development/peer-reviews/2754804.pdf. Accessed: 1 October 2014
5. Moore G, Audrey S, Barker M, Bond L, Bonell C, Cooper C, et al. Process evaluation in complex public health intervention studies: the need for guidance. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2014;68:101-2. Medline:24022816 doi:10.1136/jech-2013-202869
6. Druetz T, Siekmans K, Goossens S, Ridde V, Haddad S. The community case management of pneumonia in Africa: a review of the evidence. Health Policy Plan. 2013. Epub ahead of print. Medline:24371218 doi:10.1093/ heapol/czt104
7. Theodoratou E, Al-Jilaihawi S, Woodward F, Ferguson J, Jhass A, Balliet M, et al. The effect of case management on childhood pneumonia mortality in developing countries. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39:i155-71. Medline:20348118 doi:10.1093/ije/dyq032
8. Chinbuah MA, Kager PA, Abbey M, Gyapong M, Amina E, Nonvignon J, et al. Impact of community management of fever (using antimalarials with or without antibiotics) on childhood mortality: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in Ghana. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;87(5 Suppl):11-20. Medline:23136273 doi:10.4269/ajtmh. 2012.12-0078
9. World Health Organization. Recommendations for management of common childhood conditions: evidence for technical update of pocket book recommendations: newborn conditions, dysentery, pneumonia, oxygen use and delivery, common causes of fever, severe acute malnutrition and supportive care. Geneva: WHO, 2012
10. Hamer DH, Qazi S, Kasungami D, Marsh DR, Peterson S, Diaz T, et al. Community case management of pneumonia in Africa-not so bad and steadily progressing. [Letter] Health Policy Plan 2013. Available at: http://heapol. oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/12/25/heapol.czt104/reply#heapol_el_29. Accessed: 28 September 2014
11. Pawson R, Tilley M. Realistic evaluation. London, UK: Sage Publications, 1997
12. Victora CG, Black RE, Boerma JT, Bryce J. Measuring impact in the Millennium Development Goal era and beyond: a new approach to large-scale effectiveness evaluations. Lancet. 2011;377:85-95. Medline:20619886 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60810-0
13. Yeboah-Antwi K, Pilingana P, Macleod WB, Semrau K, Siazeele K, Kalesha P, et al. Community case management of fever due to malaria and pneumonia in children under five in Zambia: A cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2010;7:e1000340. Medline:20877714 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000340
14. Seidenberg PD, Hamer DH, Iyer H, Pilingana P, Siazeele K, Hamainza B, et al. Impact of integrated community case management on health-seeking behavior in rural Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;87 Suppl:105-10. Medline:23136285 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0799
15. Hamer DH, Brooks ET, Semrau K, Pilingana P, MaxLeod WB, Siazeele K, et al. Quality and safety of integrated community case management of malaria using rapid diagnostic tests and pneumonia by community health workers. Pathog Glob Health. 2012;106:32-9. Medline:22595272 doi:10.1179/1364859411Y.0000000042
16. Diaz T, Aboubaker ES, Young M. Current scientific evidence for integrated community case management in Africa: Findings from the iCCM Evidence Symposium. J Glob Health. 2014;4:020101. doi:10.7189/jogh.04.020101
17. The Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) Indicator Guide. Monitoring and Evaluating Integrated Community Case Management. MCHIP, July 2013. Available at: http://www.mchip.net/node/2179. Accessed: 31 August 2014
18. Bryce J, Harris Requejo J, Moulton LH, Ram M, Black RE. A common evaluation framework for the African Health Initiative. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13 Suppl 2:S10. Medline:23819778 doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-S2-S10
19. Bryce J, Victora CG, Boerma T, Petersa DH, Black RE. Evaluating the scale-up for maternal and child survival: A common framework. Int Health. 2011;3:139-46. Medline: 24038362 doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-S2-S10
20. Hazel E, Requejo R, David J, Bryce J. Measuring coverage in MNCH: Evaluation of community-based treatment of childhood illnesses through Household Surveys. PLoS Med. 2013;10:e1001384. Medline:23667329 doi:10.1016/j.inhe.2011.04.003
21. Mukanga D, Tiono SB, Anyorigiya T, Kallander K, Konate AT, Oduro AR, et al. Integrated community case management of fever in children under five using rapid diagnostic tests and respiratory rate counting: A multi-country cluster randomized Trial. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;87 Suppl:21-9. Medline:23136274 doi:10.4269/ajtmh. 2012.11-0816
22. Kalyango JN, Rutebemberwa E, Karamagi C, Mworozi E, Ssali S, Alfven T, et al. High adherence to antimalarials and antibiotics under integrated community case management of illness in children less than five years in Eastern Uganda. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e60481. Medline:23555980 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060481
23. Kalyango JN, Alfven T, Peterson S, Mugenyi K, Karamagi C, Rutebemberwa E. Integrated community case management of malaria and pneumonia increases prompt and appropriate treatment for pneumonia symptoms in children under five years in Eastern Uganda. Malar J. 2013;12:340. Medline:24053172 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-340
24. Littrell M, Moukam LV, Libite R, Youmba JC, Baugh G. Narrowing the treatment gap with equitable access: mid-term outcomes of a community case management program in Cameroon. Health Policy Plan. 2013;28:705-16. Medline:23144228 doi:10.1093/heapol/czs110
25. Miller NP, Amouzou A, Tafesse M, Hazel E, Legesse H, Degefie T, et al. Integrated community case management of childhood illnesses in Ethiopia: Implementation strength and quality of care. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014;91:424-34. Medline:24799369 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.13-0751
26. Diaz T, George AS, Rao SR, Bangura PS, Baimba JB, McMahon SA, et al. Healthcare seeking for diarrhea, malaria andpneumonia among children in four poor rural districts in Sierra Leone in the context of freehealth care: results of a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:157. Medline:23425576 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-157
27. Bakshi SS, McMahon SA. George ASf, Yumkella F, Bangura P., Kabano A. The role of traditional treatment on health care seeking by caregivers for sick children in Sierra Leone: Results of a baseline survey. Acta Trop. 2013;127:46-52. Medline:23545128 doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.03.010
28. Scott K, McMahon S, Yumkella F, Diaz T, George AS. Navigating multiple options and social relationships in plural health systems: a qualitative study exploring healthcare seeking for sick children in Sierra Leone. Health Policy Plan. 2014;29:292-301. Medline:23535712 doi:10.1093/heapol/czt016
29. McMahon SA, George AS, Yumkella F, Diaz T. Spoiled breast milk and bad water; local understandings of diarrhea causes and prevention in rural Sierra Leone. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:1172-82. Medline:24330586 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1172
30. Brown CA, Lilford RJ. The stepped wedge trial design: a systematic review. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2006;6:54. Medline:17092344 doi:10.1186/1471-2288-6-54
31. Harris AD, Bradham DD, Baumgarten M, Zuckerman IH, Fink JC, Perencevich EN. The use and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:1586-91. Medline:15156447 doi:10.1086/420936
32. Ramsey K, Hingora H, Kante M, Jackson E, Exavery A, Pemba S. The Tanzania Connect Project: a cluster randomized trial of the child survival impact of adding paid community health workers to an existing facility-focused health system. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13 Suppl 2:S6. Medline:23819587
33. Collins D, Jarrah Z, Gilmartin C, Saya U. The costs of iCCM programs: A multi-country analysis. J Glob Health. 2014;4:020407. doi:10.7189/jogh.04.020407
34. Amouzou A, Moulton A, Mukanga D, Morris S. Assessing the impact of the integrated community Case management (iCCM) programmes on child mortality: Review of early results and lessons learned in sub-Saharan Africa. J Glob Health. 2014;4:020411. doi:10.7189/jogh.04.020411
35. Walker N, Tam Y, Friber IK. Overview of the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). BMC Public Health. 2013;13 Suppl 3:S1. Medline:24564438 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-S3-S1
36. Garnett GP, Cousens S, Hallett TB, Steketee R, Walker N. Mathematical models in the evaluation of health programmes. Lancet. 2011;378:515-25. Medline:21481448 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61505-X
37. Friberg IK, Walker N. Using the Lives Saved Tool as part of evaluations of community case management programs. J Glob Health. 2014;4:020412. doi:10.7189/jogh.04.020412
38. Peters DH, Tran NT, Adam T. Implementation research in health: a practical guide. Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013
39. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Framework for Operations and Implementation Research in Health and Disease Control Programs. Geneva: The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, 2008. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9292241109_eng.pdf?ua=1. Accessed: 1 October 2014
40. Guenther T, Barberá Laínez Y, Oliphant NP, Dale M, Raharison S, Miller L, et al. Routine monitoring systems for integrated community case management programs: Lessons from 18 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. J Glob Health. 2014;4:020301. doi:10.7189/jogh.04.020301
41. Oliphant NP, Muñiz M, Guenther T, Diaz T, Barberá Laínez Y, Cohlihan H, et al. Multi-country analysis of routine data from integrated community case management programs in sub-Saharan Africa. J Glob Health. 2014;4:020408. doi:10.7189/jogh.04.020408