The growth mechanism of few-layer graphene in the arc discharge process

Carbon

Volumn 102, Issue , 2016, Pages 494-498

  Qin, Bin ^a   Zhang, Tengfei ^a   Chen, Honghui ^a   Ma, Yanfeng ^a  

^a NANKAI UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HELIUM;

ARC-DISCHARGE METHOD; ARC-DISCHARGE PROCESS; BUFFER GAS; FEW-LAYER GRAPHENE; GRAPHITE EVAPORATION; GROWTH MECHANISMS; KEY FACTORS; REACTIVE GAS;

GRAPHENE;

EID: 84960886564     PISSN: 00086223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.02.074     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. A.K. Geim, and K.S. Novoselov The rise of graphene Nat. Mater. 6 3 2007 183 191
2. K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, S.V. Morozov, D. Jiang, M.I. Katsnelson, I.V. Grigorieva, and et al. Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene Nature 438 7065 2005 197 200
3. S. Stankovich, D.A. Dikin, G.H. Dommett, K.M. Kohlhaas, E.J. Zimney, E.A. Stach, and et al. Graphene-based composite materials Nature 442 7100 2006 282 286
4. L. Huang, N. Yi, Y. Wu, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Huang, and et al. Multichannel and repeatable self-healing of mechanical enhanced graphene-thermoplastic polyurethane composites Adv. Mater. 25 15 2013 2224 2228
5. H. Yi, and C. YongSheng Functionalization of graphene and their applications Sci. China Chem. 39 9 2009 887 896
6. Z. Yin, S. Wu, X. Zhou, X. Huang, Q. Zhang, F. Boey, and et al. Electrochemical deposition of ZnO nanorods on transparent reduced graphene oxide electrodes for hybrid solar cells Small 6 2 2010 307 312
7. X. Cao, Y. Shi, W. Shi, G. Lu, X. Huang, Q. Yan, and et al. Preparation of novel 3D graphene networks for supercapacitor applications Small 7 22 2011 3163 3168
8. X. Huang, Z. Yin, S. Wu, X. Qi, Q. He, Q. Zhang, and et al. Graphene-based materials: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications Small 7 14 2011 1876 1902
9. Z. Wang, J. Zhang, P. Chen, X. Zhou, Y. Yang, S. Wu, and et al. Label-free, electrochemical detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus DNA with reduced graphene oxide-modified electrodes Biosens. Bioelectron. 26 9 2011 3881 3886
10. K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, S.V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S.V. Dubonos, and et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films Science 306 5696 2004 666 669
11. W.S. Hummers, and R.E. Offeman Preparation of graphitic oxide J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80 6 1958 1339-1339
12. X. Li, W. Cai, J. An, S. Kim, J. Nah, D. Yang, and et al. Large-area synthesis of high-quality and uniform graphene films on copper foils Science 324 5932 2009 1312 1314
13. W. Qian, R. Hao, Y. Hou, Y. Tian, C. Shen, H. Gao, and et al. Solvothermal-assisted exfoliation process to produce graphene with high yield and high quality Nano Res. 2 9 2009 706 712
14. J. Robinson, X. Weng, K. Trumbull, R. Cavalero, M. Wetherington, E. Frantz, and et al. Nucleation of epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) ACS Nano 4 1 2010 153 158
15. J. Cai, P. Ruffieux, R. Jaafar, M. Bieri, T. Braun, S. Blankenburg, and et al. Atomically precise bottom-up fabrication of graphene nanoribbons Nature 466 7305 2010 470 473
16. F. Du, Y. Ma, X. Lv, Y. Huang, F. Li, and Y. Chen The synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes with controlled length and bundle size using the electric arc method Carbon 44 7 2006 1327 1330
17. Y. Wu, B. Wang, Y. Ma, Y. Huang, N. Li, F. Zhang, and et al. Efficient and large-scale synthesis of few-layered graphene using an arc-discharge method and conductivity studies of the resulting films Nano Res. 3 9 2010 661 669
18. X.K. Wang, X.W. Lin, V.P. Dravid, J.B. Ketterson, and R.P.H. Chang Carbon nanotubes synthesized in a hydrogen arc discharge Appl. Phys. Lett. 66 18 1995 2430 2432
19. P.M. Ajayan, T.W. Ebbesen, T. Ichihashi, S. Iijima, K. Tanigaki, and H. Hiura Opening carbon nanotubes with oxygen and implications for filling Nature 362 6420 1993 522 525
20. S.C. Tsang, P.J.F. Harris, and M.L.H. Green Thinning and opening of carbon nanotubes by oxidation using carbon dioxide Nature 362 6420 1993 520 522
21. K.S. Subrahmanyam, L.S. Panchakarla, A. Govindaraj, and C.N.R. Rao Simple method of preparing graphene flakes by an arc-discharge method J. Phys. Chem. C 113 11 2009 4257 4259
22. N. Li, Z. Wang, K. Zhao, Z. Shi, Z. Gu, and S. Xu Large scale synthesis of N-doped multi-layered graphene sheets by simple arc-discharge method Carbon 48 1 2010 255 259
23. B. Shen, J. Ding, X. Yan, W. Feng, J. Li, and Q. Xue Influence of different buffer gases on synthesis of few-layered graphene by arc discharge method Appl. Surf. Sci. 258 10 2012 4523 4531
24. Y. Chen, H. Zhao, L. Sheng, L. Yu, K. An, J. Xu, and et al. Mass-production of highly-crystalline few-layer graphene sheets by arc discharge in various H2-inert gas mixtures Chem. Phys. Lett. 538 11 2012 72 76
25. Z.-S. Wu, W. Ren, L. Gao, J. Zhao, Z. Chen, B. Liu, and et al. Synthesis of graphene sheets with high electrical conductivity and good thermal stability by hydrogen arc discharge exfoliation ACS Nano 3 2 2009 411 417
26. L. Huang, B. Wu, J. Chen, Y. Xue, D. Geng, Y. Guo, and et al. Gram-scale synthesis of graphene sheets by a catalytic arc-discharge method Small 9 8 2013 1330 1335
27. X. Lv, F. Du, Y. Ma, Q. Wu, and Y. Chen Synthesis of high quality single-walled carbon nanotubes at large scale by electric arc using metal compounds Carbon 43 9 2005 2020 2022
28. Z. Wang, N. Li, Z. Shi, and Z. Gu Low-cost and large-scale synthesis of graphene nanosheets by arc discharge in air Nanotechnology 21 17 2010 175602(1)-175602(4)
29. T. Lin, I.W. Chen, F. Liu, C. Yang, H. Bi, F. Xu, and et al. Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon of extraordinary capacitance for electrochemical energy storage Science 350 6267 2015 1508 1513
30. A.C. Ferrari, J.C. Meyer, V. Scardaci, C. Casiraghi, M. Lazzeri, F. Mauri, and et al. Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 18 2006 187401(1)-187401(4)
31. F. Tuinstra Raman spectrum of graphite J. Chem. Phys. 53 3 1970 1126 1130
32. L.M. Malard, M.A. Pimenta, G. Dresselhaus, and M.S. Dresselhaus Raman spectroscopy in graphene Phys. Rep. 473 5-6 2009 51 87
33. Z.Q. Li, C.J. Lu, Z.P. Xia, Y. Zhou, and Z. Luo X-ray diffraction patterns of graphite and turbostratic carbon Carbon 45 8 2007 1686 1695
34. A.N. Obraztsov, A.A. Zolotukhin, A.O. Ustinov, A.P. Volkov, and Y.P. Svirko Chemical vapor deposition of carbon films: in-situ plasma diagnostics Carbon 41 4 2003 836 839
35. J.P. Tessonnier, and D.S. Su Recent progress on the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes: a review ChemSusChem 4 7 2011 824 847