Changes in atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls between the 1990s and 2010s in an Australian city and the role of bushfires as a source

Environmental Pollution

Volumn 213, Issue , 2016, Pages 223-231

  Wang, Xianyu ^a,e   Thai, Phong K ^a   Li, Yan ^a   Li, Qingbo ^b   Wainwright, David ^c   Hawker, Darryl W ^d   Mueller, Jochen F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^b DALIAN MARITIME UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT   (Australia)

^d GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^e QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Emission source profile; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Seasonal variation; Temporal change

Indexed keywords

AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; AROMATIZATION; COOLING SYSTEMS; EMISSION CONTROL; HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; VEHICULAR TUNNELS;

ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATION; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS; ELEVATED CONCENTRATIONS; EMISSION SOURCES; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL (PCBS); POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS); SEASONAL VARIATION; TEMPORAL CHANGE;

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS;

POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; GAS;

ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); PAH; PCB; POLLUTANT SOURCE; SEASONAL VARIATION; TEMPORAL VARIATION;

AIR POLLUTION; AIR SAMPLING; AIRBORNE PARTICLE; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; AUSTRALIA; BIOMASS; BUSHFIRE; COMBUSTION; EXHAUST GAS; FIRE; SEASONAL VARIATION; ANALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; CITY; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; GAS; HUMAN; PROCEDURES; TIME FACTOR;

AUSTRALIA;

AUSTRALIA; CITIES; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FIRES; GASES; HUMANS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 84960855470     PISSN: 02697491     EISSN: 18736424     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.020     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. ABS, Australian Bureau of Statistics Population Living within 50 Kilometres of the Coast 2001 http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs.nsf/Previousproducts/1301.0Feature%20Article32004 Accessed in 2015
2. ABS, Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Social Trends-household Energy Use and Costs 2012 http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs.nsf/DetailsPage/4102.0Sep%202012?OpenDocument Accessed in 2015
3. ABS, Australian Bureau of Statistics Year Book Australia 2012 http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1301.0∼2012∼Main%20Features∼Transport%20activity∼187 Accessed in 2015
4. AFPA, Australian Forest Products Association Reducing Bushfire Risk through Active Forest Management 2014
5. D.M. Agudelo-Castañeda, and E.C. Teixeira Seasonal changes, identification and source apportionment of PAH in PM1.0 Atmos. Environ. 96 2014 186 200
6. AMAP, Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, 2010. http://www.amap.no/. Accessed in 2015.
7. Australian Government Environmental Protection Act 1994 2015
8. S.O. Baek, R.A. Field, M.E. Goldstone, P.W. Kirk, J.N. Lester, and R. Perry A review of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Sources, fate and behavior Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 60 1991 279 300
9. M.E. Bartkow, J.N. Huckins, and J.F. Mueller Field-based evaluation of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive air samplers of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Atmos. Environ. 38 2004 5983 5990
10. BCC, Brisbane City Council Key Corridors Performance Report 2014
11. H.W. Biermann, H. Mac Leod, and R. Atkinson Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of the hydroxyl radical with naphthalene, phenanthrene, and anthracene Environ. Sci. Technol. 19 1985 244 248
12. R.R. Black, C.P. Meyer, A. Touati, B.K. Gullett, H. Fiedler, and J.F. Mueller Emission factors for PCDD/PCDF and dl-PCB from open burning of biomass Environ. Int. 38 2012 62 66
13. G. Broddin, W. Cautreels, and K. Van Cauwenberghe On the aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbon levels in urban and background aerosols from belgium and the netherlands Atmos. Environ. 14 1980 895 910 1967
14. S.S. Buehler, and R.A. Hites The Great Lakes' integrated atmospheric deposition network Environ. Sci. Technol. 36 2002 354A 359A
15. N.J. Bunce, and H.G. Dryfhout Diurnal and seasonal modelling of the tropospheric half-lives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Can. J. Chem. 70 1992 1966 1970
16. J.M. Daisey, J.L. Cheney, and P.J. Lioy Profiles of organic particulate emissions from air pollution sources: Status and needs for receptor source apportionment modeling J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 36 1986 17 33
17. DIRD, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development Australian Government Vehicle Emission Standards 2015 http://www.infrastructure.gov.au/roads/environment/emission/
18. P.S. Diefenbacher, C. Bogdal, A.C. Gerecke, J. Glüge, P. Schmid, M. Scheringer, and K. Hungerbühler Emissions of polychlorinated biphenyls in Switzerland: A combination of long-term measurements and modeling Environ. Sci. Technol. 49 2015 2199 2206
19. M. Dimashki, L.H. Lim, R.M. Harrison, and S. Harrad Temporal trends, temperature dependence, and relative reactivity of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Environ. Sci. Technol. 35 2001 2264 2267
20. DoE, Department of Environment. Australian Government Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Australia 2014 www.npi.gov.au/resource/polychlorinated-biphenyls-pcbs Accessed in 2015
21. R.R. Draxler, and G.D. Rolph HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) Model Access via NOAA ARL READY Website 2014 NOAA Air Resources Laboratory College Park, MD http://www.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php
22. DSITI, Department of Science Information Technology and Innovation, and Q.G. Brisbane CLEM7 Tunnel: Air Emission Assessment and Best Practice Operational Management for Air Quality 2015
23. S. Eckhardt, K. Breivik, S. Manø, and A. Stohl Record high peaks in PCB concentrations in the Arctic atmosphere due to long-range transport of biomass burning emissions Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7 2007 4527 4536
24. EMEP The European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme 1983 http://www.emep.int/index.html Accessed in 2015
25. Environment Canada. Government of Canada Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) Network 2004 http://www.ec.gc.ca/rs-mn/default.asp?lang=En&n=22D58893-1 Accessed in 2015
26. FRA, Food and Rural Affairs. Department for Environment UK Toxic Organic Micro Pollutants (TOMPs) Networks 1991 http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/networks/network-info?view=tomps Accessed in 2015
27. D.J. Freeman, and F.C.R. Cattell Woodburning as a source of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Environ. Sci. Technol. 24 1990 1581 1585
28. B. Gasic, C. Moecke, M. Macleod, J. Brunner, M. Scheringer, K.C. Jones, and K. Hungerbuhler Measuring and modeling short-term variability of PCBs in air and characterization of urban source strength in zurich Switz. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43 2009 769 776
29. J. Gras, J. Mueller, B. Graham, R. Symons, J. Carras, and G. Cook Dioxins in Ambient Air in Australia, National Dioxins Program Technical Report No. 4 2004 Australian Government Department of the Environment and Heritage Canberra
30. J. Gunawardena, P. Egodawatta, G.A. Ayoko, and A. Goonetilleke Role of traffic in atmospheric accumulation of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Atmos. Environ. 54 2012 502 510
31. A.K. Halse, M. Schlabach, S. Eckhardt, A. Sweetman, K.C. Jones, and K. Breivik Spatial variability of POPs in European background air Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11 2011 1549 1564
32. I. Holoubek, J. Klánová, P. Čupr, P. Kukučka, J. Borůvková, J. Kohoutek, R. Prokeš, and R. Kareš POPs in ambient air from MONET network - global and regional trends WIT Trans. Ecol. Environ. 147 2011 173 184
33. H. Hung, R. Kallenborn, K. Breivik, Y. Su, E. Brorström-Lundén, K. Olafsdottir, J.M. Thorlacius, S. Leppänen, R. Bossi, H. Skov, S. Manø, G.W. Patton, G. Stern, E. Sverko, and P. Fellin Atmospheric monitoring of organic pollutants in the arctic under the arctic monitoring and assessment programme (AMAP): 1993-2006 Sci. Total Environ. 408 2010 2854 2873
34. H. Hung, M. MacLeod, R. Guardans, M. Scheringer, R. Barra, T. Harner, and G. Zhang Toward the next generation of air quality monitoring: Persistent organic pollutants Atmos. Environ. 80 2013 591 598
35. IARC, The International Agency for Research on Cancer Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs 2015 World Health Organization http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/
36. K. Kennedy, M. Macova, M.E. Bartkow, D.W. Hawker, B. Zhao, M.S. Denison, and J.F. Mueller Effect based monitoring of seasonal ambient air exposures in Australia sampled by PUF passive air samplers Atmos. Pollut. Res. 1 2010 50 58
37. N.R. Khalili, P.A. Scheff, and T.M. Holsen PAH source fingerprints for coke ovens, diesel and, gasoline engines, highway tunnels, and wood combustion emissions Atmos. Environ. 29 1995 533 542
38. J. Klánová, and T. Harner The challenge of producing reliable results under highly variable conditions and the role of passive air samplers in the Global Monitoring Plan Trends Anal. Chem. 46 2013 139 149
39. G. Lammel, and I. Stemmler Fractionation and current time trends of PCB congeners: Evolvement of distributions 1950-2010 studied using a global atmosphere-ocean general circulation model Atmos. Chem. Phys. 12 2012 7199 7213
40. L.H. Lim, R.M. Harrison, and S. Harrad The contribution of traffic to atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 1999 3538 3542
41. M.C.H. Lim, G.A. Ayoko, and L. Morawska Characterization of elemental and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compositions of urban air in Brisbane Atmos. Environ. 39 2005 463 476
42. D. Mackay, W.Y. Shiu, and K.-C. Ma Illustrated Handbook of Physical-chemical Properties of Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals 1997 CRC Press
43. S.N. Meijer, W.A. Ockenden, A. Sweetman, K. Breivik, J.O. Grimalt, and K.C. Jones Global distribution and budget of PCBs and HCB in background surface soils: Implications for sources and environmental processes Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 2003 667 672
44. S.N. Meijer, A.J. Sweetman, C.J. Halsall, and K.C. Jones Temporal trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the U.K. atmosphere: 1991-2005 Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 2008 3213 3218
45. L. Melymuk, P. Bohlin, O. Sáňka, K. Pozo, and J. Klánová Current challenges in air sampling of semivolatile organic contaminants: Sampling artifacts and their influence on data comparability Environ. Sci. Technol. 48 2014 14077 14091
46. C. Meyer, T. Beer, J. Mueller, R. Gillett, I. Weeks, J. Powell, K. Tolhurst, L. McCaw, G. Cook, D.C.O. Marney, and R. Symons National Dioxin Program-Technical Report No. 1-Dioxins Emissions from Bushfires in Australia 2004
47. C.P. Meyer, J. Mueller, and R.K. Symons Determination of the Source and Level of Dioxin Emissions from Bushfires in Australia 2009
48. A. Motelay-Massei, T. Harner, M. Shoeib, M. Diamond, G. Stern, and B. Rosenberg Using passive air samplers to assess urban-rural trends for persistent organic pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 2. Seasonal trends for PAHs, PCBs, and organochlorine pesticides Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 2005 5763 5773
49. J.F. Mueller Occurrence and Distribution Processes of Semivolatile Organic Chemicals in the Atmosphere and Leaves 1997 Griffith University
50. J.F. Mueller, D.W. Hawker, and D.W. Connell Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmospheric environment of Brisbane, Australia Chemosphere 37 1998 1369 1383
51. T. Nielsen Traffic contribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the center of a large city Atmos. Environ. 30 1996 3481 3490
52. M. Odabasi, E. Cetin, and A. Sofuoglu Determination of octanol-air partition coefficients and supercooled liquid vapor pressures of PAHs as a function of temperature: Application to gas-particle partitioning in an urban atmosphere Atmos. Environ. 40 2006 6615 6625
53. C. Oliveira, N. Martins, J. Tavares, C. Pio, M. Cerqueira, M. Matos, H. Silva, C. Oliveira, and F. Camões Size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a roadway tunnel in Lisbon, Portugal Chemosphere 83 2011 1588 1596
54. T. Primbs, A. Piekarz, G. Wilson, D. Schmedding, C. Higginbotham, J. Field, and S.M. Simonich Influence of Asian and Western United States urban areas and fires on the atmospheric transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and fluorotelomer alcohols in the Western United States Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 2008 6385 6391
55. K. Pozo, T. Harner, F. Wania, D.C.G. Muir, K.C. Jones, and L.A. Barrie Toward a global network for persistent organic pollutants in air: Results from the GAPS study Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 2006 4867 4873
56. RECETOX, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment MONET Netwok 2015 http://www.recetox.muni.cz/index-en.php?pg=regional-pops-center-scope-of-sc-rc-activities-monitoring-of-pops-in-the-cee-countries-and-other-regions
57. A. Salamova, J.J. Pagano, T.M. Holsen, and R.A. Hites Post-1990 temporal trends of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in the atmosphere and in fish from lakes Erie, Michigan, and Superior Environ. Sci. Technol. 47 2013 9109 9114
58. J.K. Schuster, R. Gioia, A.J. Sweetman, and K.C. Jones Temporal trends and controlling factors for polychlorinated biphenyls in the UK atmosphere (1991-2008) Environ. Sci. Technol. 44 2010 8068 8074
59. H. Shen, Y. Huang, R. Wang, D. Zhu, W. Li, G. Shen, B. Wang, Y. Zhang, Y. Chen, Y. Lu, H. Chen, T. Li, K. Sun, B. Li, W. Liu, J. Liu, and S. Tao Global atmospheric emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from 1960 to 2008 and future predictions Environ. Sci. Technol. 47 2013 6415 6424
60. H. Shen, S. Tao, R. Wang, B. Wang, G. Shen, W. Li, S. Su, Y. Huang, X. Wang, W. Liu, B. Li, and K. Sun Global time trends in PAH emissions from motor vehicles Atmos. Environ. 45 2011 2067 2073
61. P. Sun, P. Blanchard, K.A. Brice, and R.A. Hites Trends in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in the Great Lakes atmosphere Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 2006 6221 6227
62. J.F. Thomas, M. Mukai, and B.D. Tebbens Fate of airborne benzo[a]pyrene Environ. Sci. Technol. 2 1968 33 39
63. UNEP, United Nations Environment Programme Global Monitoring Plan 2007 http://chm.pops.int/Implementation/GlobalMonitoringPlan/Overview/tabid/83/Default.aspx Accessed in 2015
64. L. Van Vaeck, and K. Van Cauwenberghe Conversion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on diesel particulate matter upon exposure to ppm levels of ozone Atmos. Environ. 18 1984 323 328
65. M. Venier, and R.A. Hites Time trend analysis of atmospheric pops concentrations in the Great Lakes region since 1990 Environ. Sci. Technol. 44 2010 8050 8055
66. X. Wang, K. Kennedy, J. Powell, M. Keywood, R. Gillett, P. Thai, P. Bridgen, S. Broomhall, C. Paxman, F. Wania, and J.F. Mueller Spatial distribution of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Australia's atmosphere Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts 17 2015 525 532