Trends in incidence, prevalence and prescribing in type 2 diabetes mellitus between 2000 and 2013 in primary care: A retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2016, Pages

  Sharma, Manuj ^a   Nazareth, Irwin ^a   Petersen, Irene ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1 DERIVATIVE; SULFONYLUREA DERIVATIVE;

ADD ON THERAPY; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CHILD; DATA BASE; ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD; FEMALE; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORBIDITY; NEWBORN; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRESCRIPTION; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; SCHOOL CHILD; SEXUAL ABSTINENCE; SOCIAL ISOLATION; TREND STUDY; UNITED KINGDOM; VERY ELDERLY; YOUNG ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMBINATION DRUG THERAPY; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; GENERAL PRACTICE; SEX RATIO; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DRUG PRESCRIPTIONS; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; FEMALE; GENERAL PRACTICE; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PRACTICE PATTERNS, PHYSICIANS'; SEX DISTRIBUTION; UNITED KINGDOM; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84960454231     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20446055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010210     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Diabetes UK. NHS and Diabetes. 2013. http://www.diabetes.co.uk/nhs/(accessed 10 Jun 2015).
2. Health and Social Care Information Centre. Quality and Outcomes Framework. http://www.hscic.gov.uk/qof (accessed 12 Jul 2015).
3. Goossens ME, Zeegers MP, Bazelier MT, et al. Risk of bladder cancer in patients with diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2015;5:e007470.
4. Morgan CL, Owens DR, Aubonnet P, et al. Primary prevention of diabetic retinopathy with fibrates: a retrospective, matched cohort study. BMJ Open 2013;3:e004025.
5. World Health Organisation. WHO Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. 1999. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1999/who-ncd-ncs-99.2.pdf (accessed 4 May 2015).
6. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, et al. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1577-89.
7. Mearns ES, Sobieraj DM, White CM, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of antidiabetic drug regimens added to metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 2015;10:e0125879.
8. Khunti K, Wolden ML, Thorsted BL, et al. Clinical inertia in people with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study of more than 80, 000 people. Diabetes Care 2013;36:3411-17.
9. National Institute of Clinical Excellence. NICE CG87-Type 2 Diabetes: the management of type 2 diabetes (last modified July 2014). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg87 (accessed 15 Jul 2015).
10. Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2015;38:140-9.
11. Blak BT, Thompson M, Dattani H, et al. Generalisability of The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database: demographics, chronic disease prevalence and mortality rates. Inform Prim Care 2011;19:251-5.
12. Bourke A, Dattani H, Robinson M. Feasibility study and methodology to create a quality-evaluated database of primary care data. Inform Prim Care 2004;12:171-7.
13. Chisholm J. Read clinical classification. BMJ 1990;300:1092.
14. Davé S, Petersen I. Creating medical and drug code lists to identify cases in primary care databases. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009;18:704-7.
15. Townsend P. Deprivation. J Soc Policy 1987;16:125-46.
16. Maguire A, Blak BT, Thompson M. The importance of defining periods of complete mortality reporting for research using automated data from primary care. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009;18:76-83.
17. Horsfall L, Walters K, Petersen I. Identifying periods of acceptable computer usage in primary care research databases. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2013;22:64-9.
18. Royal College of General Practitioners. Coding, Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes. 2011. http://www.sdrn.org.uk/sites/sdrn.org. uk/files/nhs%20diagnosis%20classification%20report.pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2015).
19. Mamtani R, Haynes K, Finkelman BS, et al. Distinguishing incident and prevalent diabetes in an electronic medical records database. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2014;23:111-18.
20. González EL, Johansson S, Wallander MA, et al. Trends in the prevalence and incidence of diabetes in the UK: 1996-2005. J Epidemiol Community Health 2009;63:332-6.
21. Holden SH, Barnett AH, Peters JR, et al. The incidence of type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom from 1991 to 2010. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013;15:844-52.
22. Saydah S, Lochner K. Socioeconomic status and risk of diabetes-related mortality in the U.S. Public Health Rep 2010;125:377-88.
23. Diabetes UK. Reports, statistics and figures about diabetes produced by Diabetes UK. 2014. https://www.diabetes.org.uk/About- us/What-we-say/Statistics/(accessed 20 Jul 2015).
24. Health and Social Care Information Centre. Health Survey for England; Health, social care and lifestyles. 2013. http://www.hscic. gov.uk/catalogue/PUB16077 (accessed 18 Jul 2015).
25. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas-Sixth Edition. 2013. https://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas (accessed 6 Jul 2015).
26. Carstensen B, Kristensen JK, Ottosen P, et al. The Danish National Diabetes Register: trends in incidence, prevalence and mortality. Diabetologia 2008;51:2187-96.
27. Guariguata L, Whiting DR, Hambleton I, et al. Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 103:137-49.
28. Berkowitz SA, Krumme AA, Avorn J, et al. Initial choice of oral glucose-lowering medication for diabetes mellitus: a patient-centered comparative effectiveness study. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:1955-62.
29. Thomsen RW, Baggesen LM, Søgaard M, et al. Early glycaemic control in metformin users receiving their first add-on therapy: a population-based study of 4, 734 people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2015;58:2247-53.
30. Yurgin N, Secnik K, Lage MJ. Antidiabetic prescriptions and glycemic control in German patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective database study. Clin Ther 2007;29:316-25.
31. Chehade JM, Mooradian AD. A rational approach to drug therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs 2000;60:95-113.
32. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998;352:837-53.
33. Genuth S. Should sulfonylureas remain an acceptable first-line add-on to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes? No, it's time to move on! Diabetes Care 2015;38:170-5.
34. Nathan DM. Rosiglitazone and cardiotoxicity-weighing the evidence. N Engl J Med 2007;357:64-6.
35. Rizos CV, Elisaf MS, Mikhailidis DP, et al. How safe is the use of thiazolidinediones in clinical practice? Expert Opin Drug Saf 2009;8:15-32.
36. Scheen AJ. Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors (gliptins): focus on drug-drug interactions. Clin Pharmacokinet 2010;49:573-88.
37. Doggrell SA, Dimmitt SB. Gliptins-do they increase cardiovascular risk or benefit?. Expert Opin Drug Saf2014;13:675-80.
38. National Institute of Clinical Excellence. NICE technology appraisal guidance TA203:Liraglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 2010. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta203 (accessed 19 Jul 2015).
39. Kramer CK, Zinman B, Retnakaran R. Short-term intensive insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2013;1:28-34.
40. Van de Laar FA, Lucassen PL, Akkermans RP, et al. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005(2):Cd003639.
41. Kim GW, Chung SH. Clinical implication of SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes. Arch Pharm Res 2014;37:957-66.
42. Clar C, Gill JA, Court R, et al. Systematic review of SGLT2 receptor inhibitors in dual or triple therapy in type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open 2012;2:e001007.
43. Willens D, Cripps R, Wilson A, et al. Interdisciplinary team care for diabetic patients by primary care physicians, advanced practice nurses, and clinical pharmacists. Clin Diabetes 2011;29:60-8.