Atrial fibrillation as risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death in women compared with men: Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

BMJ (Online)

Volumn 352, Issue , 2016, Pages

  Emdin, Connor A ^a   Wong, Christopher X ^b   Hsiao, Allan J ^c   Altman, Douglas G ^b   Peters, Sanne A E ^a   Woodward, Mark ^a,d   Odutayo, Ayodele A ^b,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^e UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAUSE OF DEATH; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; COHORT ANALYSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; HEART DEATH; HEART FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SEX DIFFERENCE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DEATH, SUDDEN, CARDIAC; FEMALE; MALE; META ANALYSIS; MORTALITY; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; RISK FACTOR; STROKE;

ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DEATH, SUDDEN, CARDIAC; FEMALE; HEART FAILURE; HUMANS; MALE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; STROKE;

EID: 84960172108     PISSN: 09598146     EISSN: 17561833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h7013     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Murray CJL, Vos T, Lozano R etal. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012;380: 2197-223. doi:10.1016/ S0140-6736(12)61689-4. 23245608
2. Chugh SS, Havmoeller R, Narayanan K etal. Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: a Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study. Circulation 2014;129: 837-47. doi:10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005119. 24345399
3. Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K etal. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012;380: 2095-128. doi:10.1016/ S0140-6736(12)61728-0. 23245604
4. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke 1991;22: 983-8. doi:10.1161/01.STR.22.8.983 1866765
5. Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB, Levy D. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1998;98: 946-52. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.98.10.946 9737513
6. Huxley RR, Woodward M. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in women compared with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Lancet 2011;378: 1297-305. doi:10.1016/ S0140-6736(11)60781-2. 21839503
7. Peters SAE, Huxley RR, Woodward M. Diabetes as risk factor for incident coronary heart disease in women compared with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 64 cohorts including 858, 507 individuals and 28, 203 coronary events. Diabetologia 2014;57: 1542-51. doi:10.1007/s00125-014-3260-6. 24859435
8. Peters SAE, Huxley RR, Woodward M. Diabetes as a risk factor for stroke in women compared with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 64 cohorts, including 775, 385 individuals and 12, 539 strokes. Lancet 2014;383: 1973-80. doi:10.1016/ S0140-6736(14)60040-4. 24613026
9. Friberg L, Benson L, Rosenqvist M, Lip GYH. Assessment of female sex as a risk factor in atrial fibrillation in Sweden: nationwide retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2012;344: e3522. doi:10.1136/bmj.e3522.22653980
10. Chao T-F, Liu C-J, Chen S-J etal. Atrial fibrillation and the risk of ischemic stroke: does it still matter in patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0 or 1?Stroke 2012;43: 2551-5. doi:10.1161/ STROKEAHA.112.667865. 22871677
11. Friberg J, Scharling H, Gadsbøll N, Truelsen T, Jensen GBCopenhagen City Heart Study. Comparison of the impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of stroke and cardiovascular death in women versus men (The Copenhagen City Heart Study). Am J Cardiol 2004;94: 889-94. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.06.023. 15464671
12. Stewart S, Hart CL, Hole DJ, McMurray JJV. A population-based study of the long-term risks associated with atrial fibrillation: 20-year follow-up of the Renfrew/Paisley study. Am J Med 2002;113: 359-64. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01236-6 12401529
13. Hamaguchi S, Yokoshiki H, Kinugawa S etalJapanese Cardiac Registry of Heart Failure in Cardiology Investigators. Effects of atrial fibrillation on long-term outcomes in patients hospitalized for heart failure in Japan: a report from the Japanese Cardiac Registry of Heart Failure in Cardiology (JCARE-CARD). Circ J 2009;73: 2084-90. doi:10.1253/circj. CJ-09-0316 19755750
14. Stortecky S, Buellesfeld L, Wenaweser P etal. Atrial fibrillation and aortic stenosis: impact on clinical outcomes among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2013;6: 77-84. doi:10.1161/ CIRCINTERVENTIONS.112.000124. 23386662
15. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC etal. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 2000;283: 2008-12. doi:10.1001/ jama.283.15.2008 10789670
16. Maisel WH, Rawn JD, Stevenson WG. Atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. Ann Intern Med 2001;135: 1061-73. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-135-12-200112180-00010 11747385
17. Wells GA, Shea B, O'connell D, Peterson J, Welch V. The Newcastle- Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. 2000. www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical- epidemiology/oxford.asp. (accessed 3 Jul2015).
18. Wolf PA, Mitchell JB, Baker CS, Kannel WB, D'Agostino RB. Impact of atrial fibrillation on mortality, stroke, and medical costs. Arch Intern Med 1998;158: 229-34. doi:10.1001/archinte.158.3.229 9472202
19. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 1997;315: 629-34. doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 9310563
20. Duval S, Tweedie R. Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics 2000;56: 455-63. doi:10.1111/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x 10877304
21. Bhatnagar P, Wickramasinghe K, Williams J, Rayner M, Townsend N. The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in the UK 2014. Heart 2015;101: 1182-9. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-307516. 26041770
22. Carroll K, Murad S, Eliahoo J, Majeed A. Stroke incidence and risk factors in a population-based prospective cohort study. Health Stat Q 2001;12; 18-26.
23. de Giuli F, Khaw K-T, Cowie MR, Sutton GC, Ferrari R, Poole- Wilson PA. Incidence and outcome of persons with a clinical diagnosis of heart failure in a general practice population of 696, 884 in the United Kingdom. Eur J Heart Fail 2005;7: 295-302. doi:10.1016/j.ejheart.2004.10.017. 15718168
24. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Brindle P. Derivation and validation of QStroke score for predicting risk of ischaemic stroke in primary care and comparison with other risk scores: a prospective open cohort study. BMJ 2013;346: f2573. doi:10.1136/bmj. f2573. 23641033
25. Guize L, Thomas F, Bean K, Benetos A, Pannier B. [ Atrial fibrillation: prevalence, risk factors and mortality in a large French population with 15 years of follow-up]. Bull Acad Natl Med 2007;191: 791-805.
26. Andersson T, Magnuson A, Bryngelsson I-L etal. Gender-related differences in risk of cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality in patients hospitalized with incident atrial fibrillation without concomitant diseases: a nationwide cohort study of 9519 patients. Int J Cardiol 2014;177: 91-9. doi:10.1016/j. ijcard.2014.09.092. 25499348
27. Béjot Y, Ben Salem D, Osseby GV etal. Epidemiology of ischemic stroke from atrial fibrillation in Dijon, France, from 1985 to 2006. Neurology 2009;72: 346-53. doi:10.1212/01. wnl.0000341280.31919.bd. 19171832
28. Bouzas-Mosquera A, Peteiro J, Broullón FJ etal. Effect of atrial fibrillation on outcome in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease referred for exercise stress testing. Am J Cardiol 2010;105: 1207-11. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.12.037. 20403467
29. Chamberlain AM, Redfield MM, Alonso A, Weston SA, Roger VL. Atrial fibrillation and mortality in heart failure: a community study. Circ Heart Fail 2011;4: 740-6. doi:10.1161/ CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.962688. 21920917
30. Chen LY, Sotoodehnia N, Bůžková P etal. Atrial fibrillation and the risk of sudden cardiac death: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study and cardiovascular health study. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173: 29-35. doi:10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.744. 23404043
31. D'Agostino RB, Wolf PA, Belanger AJ, Kannel WB. Stroke risk profile: adjustment for antihypertensive medication. The Framingham Study. Stroke 1994;25: 40-3. doi:10.1161/01.STR.25.1.40. 8266381
32. Genovesi S, Valsecchi MG, Rossi E etal. Sudden death and associated factors in a historical cohort of chronic haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;24: 2529-36. doi:10.1093/ndt/ gfp104. 19293137
33. Hermann DM, Gronewold J, Lehmann N etalHeinz Nixdorf Recall Study Investigative Group. Coronary artery calcification is an independent stroke predictor in the general population. Stroke 2013;44: 1008-13. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.678078. 23449263
34. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Robson J, Brindle P. Derivation, validation, and evaluation of a new QRISK model to estimate lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease: cohort study using QResearch database. BMJ 2010;341: c6624. doi:10.1136/bmj.c6624.21148212
35. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C. Development and validation of risk prediction equations to estimate future risk of heart failure in patients with diabetes: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2015;5: e008503. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008503.26353872
36. Iwahana H, Ishikawa S, Ishikawa J etal. Atrial fibrillation is a major risk factor for stroke, especially in women: the Jichi Medical School cohort study. J Epidemiol 2011;21: 95-101. doi:10.2188/jea.JE20090149 21307613
37. Kaarisalo MM, Immonen-Räihä P, Marttila RJ etal. Atrial fibrillation in older stroke patients: association with recurrence and mortality after first ischemic stroke. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997;45: 1297-301. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb02927.x 9361653
38. Nakayama T, Date C, Yokoyama T, Yoshiike N, Yamaguchi M, Tanaka H. A 15.5-year follow-up study of stroke in a Japanese provincial city. The Shibata Study. Stroke 1997;28: 45-52. doi:10.1161/01.STR.28.1.45 8996487
39. Ohsawa M, Okayama A, Okamura T etal. Mortality risk attributable to atrial fibrillation in middle-aged and elderly people in the Japanese general population: nineteen-year follow-up in NIPPON DATA80. Circ J 2007;71: 814-9. doi:10.1253/circj.71.814 17526974
40. Ruigómez A, Johansson S, Wallander MA, García Rodríguez LA. Risk of mortality in a cohort of patients newly diagnosed with chronic atrial fibrillation. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2002;2: 5. doi:10.1186/1471-2261-2-5 11897013
41. Saposnik G, Kapral MK, Liu Y etalInvestigators of the Registry of the Canadian Stroke NetworkStroke Outcomes Research Canada (SORCan) Working Group. IScore: a risk score to predict death early after hospitalization for an acute ischemic stroke. Circulation 2011;123: 739-49. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.983353. 21300951
42. Siontis KC, Geske JB, Ong K, Nishimura RA, Ommen SR, Gersh BJ. Atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: prevalence, clinical correlations, and mortality in a large high-risk population. J Am Heart Assoc 2014;3: e001002. doi:10.1161/JAHA.114.001002.24965028
43. Soliman EZ, Safford MM, Muntner P etal. Atrial fibrillation and the risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174: 107-14. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.11912. 24190540
44. Soliman EZ, Lopez F, O'Neal WT etal. Atrial Fibrillation and Risk of ST-Segment-Elevation Versus Non-ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Circulation 2015;131: 1843-50. doi:10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014145. 25918127
45. van Wijk I, Koudstaal PJ, Kappelle LJ, van Gijn J, Gorter JW, Algra ALiLAC Study Group. Long-term occurrence of death and cardiovascular events in patients with transient ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic stroke: comparison between arterial and cardiac source of the index event. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008;79: 895-9. doi:10.1136/ jnnp.2007.133132. 18096680
46. Wolfe CDA, Corbin DOC, Smeeton NC etal. Poststroke survival for black-Caribbean populations in Barbados and South London. Stroke 2006;37: 1991-6. doi:10.1161/01. STR.0000230647.77889.84. 16794207
47. Huxley R, Barzi F, Woodward M. Excess risk of fatal coronary heart disease associated with diabetes in men and women: meta-analysis of 37 prospective cohort studies. BMJ 2006;332: 73-8. doi:10.1136/ bmj.38678.389583.7C. 16371403
48. Huxley RR, Peters SAE, Mishra GD, Woodward M. Risk of all-cause mortality and vascular events in women versus men with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015;3: 198-206. doi:10.1016/ S2213-8587(14)70248-7. 25660575
49. Rydén L, Grant PJ, Anker SD etal. ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: the Task Force on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and developed in collaboration with the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Eur Heart J 2013;34: 3035-87. doi:10.1093/ eurheartj/eht108. 23996285
50. Bushnell C, McCullough L. Stroke prevention in women: synopsis of the 2014 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guideline. Ann Intern Med 2014;160: 853-7. doi:10.7326/ M14-0762. 24935489
51. Humphries KH, Kerr CR, Connolly SJ etal. New-onset atrial fibrillation: sex differences in presentation, treatment, and outcome. Circulation 2001;103: 2365-70. doi:10.1161/01. CIR.103.19.2365 11352885
52. Lip GYH, Rushton-Smith SK, Goldhaber SZ etalGARFIELD-AF Investigators. Does sex affect anticoagulant use for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation? The prospective global anticoagulant registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2015;8(Suppl 1): S12-20. doi:10.1161/ CIRCOUTCOMES.114.001556. 25714828
53. Avgil Tsadok M, Jackevicius CA, Rahme E, Humphries KH, Behlouli H Pilote L. Sex differences in stroke risk among older patients with recently diagnosed atrial fibrillation. JAMA 2012;307: 1952-8. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.3490. 22570463
54. Roden DM, Kannankeril P, Darbar D. On the relationship among QT interval, atrial fibrillation, and torsade de pointes. Europace 2007;9(Suppl 4): iv1-3. doi:10.1093/europace/ eum165. 17766319
55. Alotaibi GS, Almodaimegh H, McMurtry MS, Wu C. Do women bleed more than men when prescribed novel oral anticoagulants for venous thromboembolism? A sex-based meta-analysis. Thromb Res 2013;132: 185-9. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2013.07.017. 23932014
56. Lip GYH, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, Lane DA, Crijns HJGM. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest 2010;137: 263-72. doi:10.1378/chest.09-1584. 19762550
57. Bushnell C, McCullough LD, Awad IA etalAmerican Heart Association Stroke CouncilCouncil on Cardiovascular and Stroke NursingCouncil on Clinical CardiologyCouncil on Epidemiology and PreventionCouncil for High Blood Pressure Research. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in women: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2014;45: 1545-88. doi:10.1161/01. str.0000442009.06663.48. 24503673