Commentary: Is disfluency desirable?

Metacognition and Learning

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 133-137

  Bjork, Robert A ^a   Yue, Carole L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Department of Information and Computer Sciences   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84960091624     PISSN: 15561623     EISSN: 15561631     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11409-016-9156-8     Document Type: Editorial

References (12)

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3. Bjork, R. A. (2013). Desirable difficulties perspective on learning. In H. Pashler (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the mind. Thousand Oaks: Sage Reference.
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6. Diemand-Yauman, C., Oppenheimer, D. M., & Vaughan, E. B. (2011). Fortune favors the bold (and the italicized): effects of disfluency on educational outcomes. Cognition, 118(1), 111–115.
7. Einstein, G. O., McDaniel, M. A., Owen, P. D., & Cote, N. C. (1990). Encoding and recall of texts: the importance of material appropriate processing. Journal of Memory and Language, 29, 566–581.
8. McDaniel, M. A., & Einstein, G. O. (2005). Material appropriate difficulty: A framework for determining when difficulty is desirable for improving learning. In A. F. Healy (Ed.), Experimental cognitive psychology and its applications (pp. 73–85). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
9. McDaniel, M. A., Einstein, G. O., Dunay, P. K., & Cobb, R. E. (1986). Encoding difficulty and memory: Toward a unifying theory. Journal of Memory and Language, 25, 545–656.
10. Morris, C. D., Bransford, J. D., & Franks, J. J. (1977). Levels of processing versus transfer appropriate processing. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16, 519–533.
11. Rhodes, M. G., & Castel, A. D. (2008). Memory predictions are influenced by perceptual information: evidence for metacognitive illusions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 137, 615–625.
12. Yue, C. L., Castel, A. D., & Bjork, R. A. (2013). When disfluency is—and is not—a desirable difficulty: the influence of typeface clarity on metacognitive judgments and memory. Memory & Cognition, 41, 229–241.