The economics of technical change

Cambridge Journal of Economics

Volumn 18, Issue 5, 1994, Pages 463-514

  Freeman, Chris ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84959796911     PISSN: 0309166X     EISSN: 14643545     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a035286     Document Type: Article

References (642)

1. Abernathy, W. J. and Clark, K. B. 1985. Innovation: mapping the winds of creative destruction, Research Policy, vol. 14, 3-22
2. Abramowitz, M. 1986. Catching up, forging ahead and falling behind, Journal of Economic History, vol. 46, 385-406
3. Achilladelis, B. G., Schwarzkopf, A. and lines, M. 1987. A study of innovation in the pesticide industry, Research Policy, vol. 16, no. 2, 175-212
4. Achilladelis, B. G., Schwarzkopf, A. and Lines, M. 1990. The dynamics of technological innovation: the case of the chemical industry, Research Policy, vol. 19 no. 1, 1-35
5. Acs, Z. J. L. 1990. ‘High Technology Networks in Maryland’, paper presented at Montreal Conference on Network Innovators, May
6. Acs, Z. J. and Audretsch, D. B. 1988. Innovation in large and small firms: an empirical analysis, American Economic Review, vol. 78, no. 4, September
7. Afuah, A. N. and Utterback, J. M. 1991. The emergence of a new supercomputer architecture, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 40, 315-28
8. Aghion, P. and Howitt, P. 1993. A model of growth through creative destruction, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
9. Alchian, A. 1951. Uncertainly, evolution and economic theory, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 58, 211-22
10. Alderman, N. and Davies, S. 1990. Modelling regional patterns of innovation diffusion in the UK metal-working industries, Regional Studies, vol. 24, 513-528
11. Alderman, N. and Wynarczyk, W. 1993. The performance of innovative small firms: a regional issue, in Swann, P. (ed.) (1992)
12. Allen, R. C. 1983. Collective invention, Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organisation, vol. 4, 1-24
13. Amable, B. 1992. ‘Radical and Incremental Innovation in a Model of Endogenous and Unsteady Growth’, paper at MERIT Conference, Maastricht, December
14. Amable, B. 1993. National effects of learning, international specialisation and growth paths, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
15. Amendola, M. and Gaffard, J. L. 1988. The Innovation Choice: An Economic Analysis of the Dynamics of Technology, Oxford, Blackwell
16. Ames, E. 1961. Research, invention, development and innovation, American Economic Review, vol. 51, no. 3, 370-81
17. Amin, M. and Goddard, J. B. (eds) 1986. Technological Change, Industrial Restructuring and Regional Development, London, Allen and Unwin
18. Amsden, A. 1989. Asia’s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialisation, Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press
19. Andersen, E. S. 1991. Techno-economic paradigms as typical interfaces between producers and users, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, vol. 1, no. 2, 119-144
20. Andersen, E. S. 1992A. Approaching national systems of innovation from the production and linkage structure, in Lundvall, B.-A. (ed.) (1992)
21. Andersen, E. S. 1992B. ‘The Difficult Jump from Walrasian to Schumpeterian Analysis’, paper at International Schupeter Society Conference, Kyoto, August
22. Andersen, E. S. 1994. Schumpeter and the Elements of Evolutionary Economics, London, Pinter
23. Angello, M. M. 1990. Joseph Alois Schumpeter: A Reference Guide, Berlin, Springer-Verlag
24. Antonelli, C. 1986. The international diffusion of new information technologies, Research Policy, vol. 15, 139-47
25. Antonelli, C. 1992. ‘The Economics of Localised Technological Change: The Evidence from Information and Communication Technologies’, University of Turin, Department of Economics
26. Antonelli, C. (ed.) 1992. The Economics of Information Networks, Amsterdam, Elsevier
27. Antonelli, C. 1993. The dynamics of technological inter-relatedness: the case of information and communication technologies, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
28. Antonelli, C. and Foray, D. 1991. ‘The Economics of Intellectual Property Rights and Systems of Innovation’, University of Turin, mimeo
29. Antonelli, C, Petit, P. and Tahar, G. 1992. The Economics of Industrial Modernisation, London, Academic Press
30. Aoki, M. 1986. Horizontal versus vertical information: structure of the firm, American Economic Review, vol. 76, no. 5, 971-83
31. Aoki, M. 1988. Information, Incentives and Bargaining in the Japanese Economy, New York, Cambridge University Press
32. Aoki, M. 1990. Towards an economic model of the Japanese firm, Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 28, 1-27
33. Aoki, M. 1991. ‘The Japanese Firm as a System: Survey and Research Agenda’, paper at Stockholm Conference on Japan, Stockholm School of Economics, September
34. Arcangeli, F., David, P. and Dosi, G. (eds) 1994. Frontiers on Innovation Diffusion, Report of the Venice Conference on Innovation Diffusion (1986) (3 vols), DAEST, Venice, Oxford University Press, in press
35. Arcangeli, F., Dosi, G. and Moggi, M. 1991. Patterns of diffusion of electronics technologies: an international comparison, Research Policy, vol. 20, no. 6, 515-31
36. Archibugi, D. 1988A. In search of a useful measure of technological innovation, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 34, 253-77
37. Archibugi, D 1988B. The inter-industry distribution of technological capabilities. A case study in the application of the Italian patenting in the USA, Technovation, vol. 7, no. 3, 259-74
38. Archibugi, D., Cesaratto, S. and Sirilli, G. 1987. Innovative activity, R&D and patenting: the evidence of the survey on innovation diffusion in Italy, Science Technology Industry Review, vol. 2, 135-50
39. Archibugi, D. and Pinta, M. 1992. The Technological Specialisation of Advanced Countries, Report to the EC on International Science and Technology Activities, Dordrecht, Kluwer
40. Arrow, K. 1962. The economic implications of learning by doing, Review of Economic Studies, vol. 29, 155-73
41. Arthur, W. B. 1983. ‘Competing Techniques and Lock-in by Historical events. The Dynamics of Allocation Under Increasing Returns’, IIASA, Luxemburg. Revised edition (1985) CEPR, Stanford University
42. Arthur, W. B. 1986. ‘Industry, Location and the Importance of History’, Center for Economic Policy Research Paper 84, Stanford University
43. Arthur, W. B. 1988. Competing technologies: an overview, in Dosi, G. et al. (eds) (1988)
44. Arthur, W. B. 1989. Competing technologies, increasing returns and lock-in by historical events, Economic Journal, vol. 99, vol. 1, 116-31
45. Arthur, W. B., Ermoliev, Y. M. and Kaniovski, Y. M. 1987. Path-dependent processes and the emergence of macro-structure, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 30, 294-303
46. Arundel, A. and Soete, L. (eds) 1993. ‘An Integrated Approach to European Innovation and Technology Diffusion Policy: A Maastricht Memorandum’, University of limburg, MERIT
47. Auzeby, F. and Francois, J.-P. 1992. Technological innovation in the French industry, STI Review, vol. 11, 118-24
48. Ayres, R. V. 1991A. ‘Information, computers, CIM and productivity’, in OECD (1991B)
49. Ayres, R. V. 1991 B. Computer Integrated Manufacturing 1, (4 vols) London, Chapman and Hall/IIASA
50. Baba, Y. 1985. ‘Japanese Colour TV Firms. Decision-making from the 1950s to the 1980s’, DPhil dissertation, University of Sussex.
51. Baba, Y. and Takai, S. 1990. Information technology introduction in the big banks: the case of Japan, in Freeman, C. and Soete, L. (eds) (1990)
52. Bailey, M. W. and Chakrabarti, A. K. 1985. Innovation and productivity in US industry, Brookings Papers, vol. 2, December, 609-32
53. Barras, R. 1986. Towards a theory ofinnovation in services, Research Policy, vol. 15, no.4, 161-173
54. Barras, R. 1990. Interactive innovation in financial and business services: the vanguard of the service revolution, Research Policy, vol. 19, no. 3, 215-237
55. Basberg, B. 1987. Patents and the measurement of technological change: a survey of the literature, Research Policy, vol. 12, 131-143
56. Bell, M. 1984. Learning and accumulation of industrial and technological capability in developing countries, in King, K. and Fransman, M. (eds) Technological Capacity in the Third World, London, Macmillan
57. Bell, M. 1991. ‘Science and Technology Policy Research in the 1990s: Key Issues for Developing Countries’, Brighton, University of Sussex, SPRU
58. Bell, R. M. N., Cooper, C. M., Kaplinsky, R. M. and Wit Sakyarakwit 1976. Industrial Technology and Employment Opportunity: A Study of Technical Alternatives for Can Manufacture in Developing Countries, Geneva, International Labour Organisation
59. Bell, M., Pavitt, K. 1992. ‘National Capacities for Technological Accumulation’, World Bank Conference on Development Economics, 1 May
60. Bernal, J. D. 1939. The Social Function of Science, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul
61. Bemal, J. D. 1970. Science and Industry in the Nineteenth Century, 3rd edn, Bloomington, Indiana University Press
62. Bessant, J. 1991. Managing Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Oxford, Blackwell, NEC
63. Bessant, J. and Haywood, W. 1991. Mechatronics and the machinery industry, in Freeman, C, Sharp, M. and Walker, W. (eds), Technology and the Future of Europe, London, Frances Pinter
64. Bessant, J., Burnell, J., Hardy, R. and Webb, S. 1994. Continuous innovation in British manufacturing, in Technovation, in press
65. Bianchi, P. and Bellini, N. 1991. Public policies for local networks of innovators, Research Policy, vol. 20, no. 5, 487-97
66. Bijker, W. E. and Law, J. (eds) 1992. Shaping Technology, Building Society, Cambridge MA, MIT Press
67. Blaug, M. 1964. Economic Theory in Retrospect, London, Heinemann
68. ‒ 1988. Technical change and the theory of regulation, in Dosi, G. et al. (eds) (1988)
69. Boyer, R. 1993. The models revolution, Introduction to Part II, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
70. Boyer, R. and Petit, P. 1989. Kaldor’s growth theories: past, present and prospects, in Semmler, W. and Neil, E. (eds) Nicholas Kaldor and Mainstream Economics, London, Routledge
71. Brady, T. M. 1986. New Technology and Skills in British Industry, Skills Series 5, Manpower Services Commission
72. Brady, T. and Quintas, P. 1991. Computer software: the IT constraint, in Freeman, C, Sharp, M. and Walker, W. (eds) Technology and the Future of Europe, London, Frances Pinter
73. Braun, E. and MacDonald, S. 1978. Revolution in Miniature: The History and Impact of Semiconductor Electronics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
74. Bressand, A. 1990. Electronic cartels in the making? Transatlantic Perspectives, no. 21, 3-6
75. Bressand, A and Kalypso, N. (eds) 1989. Strategic Trends in Services: an Inquiry into the Global Service Economy, New York, Harper and Row
76. Burns, T. and Stalker, G. M. 1961. The Management of Innovation, London, Tavistock
77. Callon, M. 1993. Variety and irreversibility in networks of technique conception and adoption, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
78. Camagni, R., Dellisanti, G., Pattarozzi, M. and Taranto, R. 1984. II Robot Italiano Produzione e Mercato della Robotica Industriale, Milano, 24 Ore
79. Camagni, R. (ed.) 1991. Innovation networks: Spatial Perspectives, London, Belhaven Press
80. Cantwell, J. 1989. Technological Innovation and Multinational Corporations, Oxford, Blackwell
81. Cantwell, J. 1991A. The International agglomeration of R&D, in Casson, M. (ed.) (1991)
82. Cantwell, J. 1991B. Historical trends in international patterns of technological innovation, in Foreman-Peck, J. (ed.) New Perspectives on the Late Victorian Economy: Essays in Quantitative Economic History 1860-1914, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
83. Cantwell, J. 1994. Transnational Corporations and Innovatory Activities, London, Routledge
84. Carlsson, B. (ed.) 1989. Industrial Dynamics, Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers
85. Carlsson, B. and Jacobsson, S. 1993. Technological systems and economic performance: the diffusion of factory automation in Sweden, in Foray, D. and Freeman C. (eds) (1993)
86. Carlsson, B. and Stankiewicz, R. 1991. On the nature, formation and composition of technological systems, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, vol. 1, no. 2, 93-119
87. Carter, C. F. and Williams, B. R. 1957. Industry and Technical Progress, Oxford, Oxford University Press
88. Carter, C. F. and Williams, B. R. 1958. Investment in Innovation, Oxford, Oxford University Press
89. Carter, C. F. and Williams, B. R. 1959A. Science and Industry, London, Oxford University Press
90. Carter, C. F. and Williams, B. R. 1959B. The characteristics of technically progressive firms, Journal of Industrial Economics, vol. 7, no. 2, 87-104
91. Cassiolato, J. 1992. The user-producer connection in hi-tech: a case study of banking automation in Brazil, in Schmitz, H and Cassiolato, J. (eds) High-Tech for Industrial Development, London, Routledge
92. Casson, M. (ed.) 1991. Global Research Strategy and International Competitiveness, Oxford, Blackwell
93. Cesaratto, S. and Sirilli, G. 1992. Some results of the Italian survey on technological innovation, STI Review, vol. 11, 80-95
94. Chandler, A. D. 1977. The Invisible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business, Cambridge, MA, Belknap Press, Harvard University.
95. Chandler, A. D. 1990. Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism, Cambridge, MA, Belknap Press, Harvard University
96. Chandler, A. D. 1992. What is a firm?: a historical perspective, European Economic Review, vol. 36, 483-94
97. Chesnais, F. 1988A. Multinational Enterprises and the International Diffusion of Technology, in Dosi, G. et al. (eds) (1988)
98. Chesnais, F. 1988B. Technical cooperation agreements between firms, STI Review, vol. 4, Paris, OECD
99. Chesnais, F. 1992. National systems of innovation, FDI and the operations of MNEs, in Lundvall, B.- Å. (ed.) (1992)
100. Chiaromonte, F. and Dosi, G. 1993. The micro foundations of competitiveness and their macroeconomic implications, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
101. Christensen, J. L. 1992. The role of finance in national systems of innovation, in Lundvall, B.- Å. (ed.) (1992)
102. CI News 1993. Bulletin of the CIRCA, Continuous Improvement Network 2
103. Clark, J. A., Freeman, C. and Soete, L. L. G. 1981. Long waves, inventions and innovations, Futures, vol. 13, no. 4, 308-322
104. Clark, K. B. and Fujimoto, T. 1989. Lead time in automobile product development explaining the Japanese advantage, Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, vol. 6, 25-58
105. Clark, N. 1990. Evolution, complex systems and technological change, Review of Political Economy, vol. 2, no. 1, 26-42
106. Coase, R. H. 1937. The nature of the firm, Economica NS, vol. 4, 386-405
107. Coase, R. H. 1988. The nature of the firm: origin, Journal of Law, Economics and Organisation, vol. 4, no. 1, 3-47
108. Cohen, W. M. and Levinthal, D. A. 1987. Innovation and learning: the two faces of R&D, Economic Journal, vol. 99, no. 3
109. Cohendet, P. M., Ledoux, M. J. and Zuscovitch, E. 1987. Les Materiaux Natweaux, Paris, Économica
110. Cohendet, P., Héraund, J.-A. and Zuscovitch, E. 1993. Technological learning, economic networks and innovation appropriability, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
111. Coombs, R., Saviotti, P. and Walsh, V. 1987. Economics and Technological Change, London, Macmillan
112. Coombs, R. and Richards, A. 1991A. Technologies, products and firms’ strategies: Part 1—a framework for analysis, Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, vol. 13, no. 1, 77-86
113. Coombs, R, and Richards, A. 1991B. Technologies, products and firms’ strategies: Part 2—analysis of three cases, Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, vol. 13, no. 2, 157-75
114. Coombs, R., Saviotti, P. and Walsh, V. 1992. Technological Change and Company Strategies, London, Academic Press
115. Cooper, C. 1974. Science policy and technological change in undeveloped economies, World Development, vol. 2, no. 3
116. Cooper, C. (ed.) 1973. Science, Technology and Development, London, Frank Cass
117. Cooper, C. M. and Sercovitch, F. 1971. The Channels and Mechanisms for the Transfer of Technology from Developed to Developing Countries, Geneva, UNCTAD
118. Cowan, R. 1990. Nuclear power reactors: a study in technological lock-in, Journal of Economic History, vol. 50, 541-67
119. Cressey, P. and Williams, R. 1990. Participation in Change: New Technology and the Role of Employee Involvement, Dublin, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
120. Cusumano, M. A. 1991. Japan’s Software Factories: A Challenge to US Management, Oxford, Oxford University Press
121. Cyert, R. M. and March, J. G. 1963. A Behavioural Theory of the Firm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall
122. Dahmen, E. 1950. Entrepreneurial Activity in Swedish Industry 1909-1939, Stockholm IUI
123. Dahmen, E. 1988. Development blocks in industrial economies, Scandinavian Economic History Review, vol. 1, 3-14
124. Dalum, B. 1992. Export specialisations, structural competitiveness and national systems of innovation, in Lundvall, B.-Å. (ed.) (1992)
125. Dankbaar, B. 1993. Economic Crisis and Institutional Change: The Crisis of Fordism from the Perspective of the Automobile Industry, Maastricht, University Press
126. Darwin, C. 1859. The Origin of Species, London, Murray
127. Dasgupta, P. and Stoneman, P. (eds) 1987. Economic Policy and Technological Progress, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
128. David, P. A. 1975. Technical Choice, Innovation and Economic Growth, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
129. David, P. A. 1985. Clio and the economics of QWKRTY, American Economic Review, vol. 75, no. 2, 332-37, extended version published in Parker, W. N. (ed.) (1986) Economic History and the Modem Economist, Oxford, Blackwell
130. David, P. A. 1986A. "Narrow Windows, Blind Giants and Angry Orphans: The Dynamics of Systems Rivalries and Dilemmas of Technology Policy’, CEPR Working Paper 10, Stanford University, and in Arcangeli, F., David, P. and Dosi, G. (eds), in press
131. David, P. A. 1986B. Technology diffusion, public policy and industrial competitiveness, in Landau, R. and Rosenberg N. (eds) The Positive Sum Strategy, Washington DC, National Academy of Sciences
132. David, P. A 1991. Computer and dynamo: the modern productivity paradox in a not-too-distant mirror, in OECD (199IB)
133. David, P. A 1992. ‘Knowledge, Property and the System Dynamics of Technological Change’, paper presented to the World Bank Conference on Development Economics, Washington DC, 30 April-1 May
134. David, P. A. 1993. Path-dependence and predictability in dynamic systems with local network externalities: a paradigm for historical economics, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
135. David, P. and Greenstein, S. 1990. The economics of compatibility standards: an introduction to recent research, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, 3-43
136. David, P. and Steinmuller, E. 1990. The ISDN bandwagon is coming, but who will be there to climb aboard? Quandaries in the economics of data communications networks, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 43-63
137. Davies, S. 1979. The Diffusion of Process Innovations, Cambridge University Press
138. DeBresson, C 1989. Breeding innovation clusters: a source of dynamic development, World Development, vol. 17, no. 1, 1-6
139. DeBresson, C. 1993. Comprendre Le Changement Technique, Ottawa, Les Presses de l’Universite d’Ottawa
140. DeBresson, C. and Amesse, F. 1991. Networks of innovators: a review and introduction to the issue, Research Policy, vol. 20 no. 5, 363-79
141. Deiaco, E. 1992. New views on innovative activity and technological performance: the Swedish innovation survey, STI Review, no. 11, 36-62
142. De la Mothe, J. 1990. Science, Technology and Free Trade, London, Pinter
143. Dertouzos, M., Lester, R. and Solow, R. (eds) 1989. Made in America, Report of the MIT Commission on Industrial Productivity, Cambridge MA, MIT Press
144. Dockès, P. 1991. Histoire ‘raisonnee’ et économie historique, Revue Économique, vol. 2, 181-208
145. Dockès, P. 1994. Les recettes fordists et les marmites de l’histoire (formation et transferts des paradigmes socio-techniques), Revue Économique, in press
146. Dockès, P. and Rosier, B. 1991. Economie et histoire, nouvelles approaches, Revue Économique, numéro special 2, March
147. Dodgson, M. 1991. The Management of Technological Learning: Lessons from a Biotechnology company, Berlin, De Gruyter
148. Dodgson, M. 1993. Technological Collaboration in Industry, London, Routledge
149. Dodgson, M. (ed.) 1989. Technology Strategy and the Firm: Management and Public Policy, London, Longman
150. Dodgson, M. and Sako, M. 1993. ‘Learning and Trust in Inter-firm Linkages’, paper at Conference on ‘Technological Collaboration: Networks, Institutions and States’, University of Manchester, April
151. Dore, R. 1973. British Factory-Japanese Factory: the Origins of National Diversity in Industrial Relations, Berkeley, University of California Press
152. Dore, R. 1985. The sources of die will to innovate, papers in Science and Technology Policy, vol. 4, London, Imperial College
153. Dore, R. 1987. Taking Japan Seriously: A Confucian Perspective on Leading Economic Issues, London, Athlone Press
154. Dosi, G. 1982. Technological paradigms and technological trajectories: a suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of technical change, Research Policy, vol. 11, no. 3, 147-62
155. Dosi, G. 1984. Technical Change and Industrial Transformation, London, Macmillan
156. Dosi, G. 1988. Sources, procedures and microeconomic effects of innovation, Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 36, 1126-71
157. Dosi, G. 1991. The research in innovation diffusion: an assessment, in Nakicenovic, N. and Grübler, A. (eds) (1991)
158. Dosi, G. and Egidi, M. 1991. Substantive and procedural uncertainty: an exploration of economic behaviour in changing environments, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, vol. 1, no. 2, 145-68
159. Dosi, G. and Freeman, C. 1992. ‘The Diversity of Development Patterns: On the Processes of Catching Up, Forging Ahead and Falling Behind’, paper prepared for me International Economics Association meeting, Varenna, 1-3 October
160. Dosi, G., Freeman, C, Nelson, R., Silverberg, G. and Soete, L. (eds) (1988). Technical Change and Economic Theory, London, Frances Pinter, and New York, Columbia University Press
161. Dosi, G., Gianetti, G. and Toninelli, P. A. (eds) 1992. Technology and Enterprise in a Historical Perspective, Oxford, Oxford University Press
162. Dosi, G. and Orsenigo, L. 1988. Coordination and transformation: an overview of structure, behaviour and change in evolutionary environment, in Dosi, G. et al. (eds) (1988)
163. Dosi, G., Pavitt, K. and Soete, L. 1990. The Economics of Technical Change and International Trade, Brighton, Wheatsheaf
164. Dosi, G., Silverberg, G. and Orsenigo, L. 1988. Innovation diversity and diffusion: a self-organisation model, Economic Journal, vol. 98, no. 393, 1032-54
165. Dunning, J. H. 1988. Multinationals, Technology and Competitiveness, London, Unwin Hyman
166. Edqvist, C. 1989. "The Realm of Freedom in Modem Times: New Technology in Theory and Practice’, Tema T, Report 18, University of Linkoping, Department of Technology and Social Change
167. Eliasson, G. 1986. Micro-heterogeneity of firms and stability of industrial growth, in Day, R. and Eliasson, G. (eds) The Dynamics of Market Economies, Amsterdam, North Holland
168. Eliasson, G. 1988. Schumpeterian innovation, market structure, and the stability of industrial development, in Hanusch, H. (ed.) (1988)
169. Eliasson, G. 1990. The firm as a competent team, Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organization, vol. 13, no. 3
170. Eliasson, G. 1991 A. Deregulation, innovative entry and structural diversity as a source of stable and rapid economic growth, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, vol. 1, no. 1, 49-63
171. Eliasson, G. 1991B. Modelling economic change and restructuring’ in de Wolf, P. (ed) Competition in Europe, Kluwer, Dordrecht
172. Eliasson, G. 1991C. Modelling the experimentally organised economy: complex dynamics in an empirical micro-macro model of endogenous economic growth, Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organisation, vol. 16, 153-182
173. Eliasson, G. 1992. Business competence, organizational learning and economic growth: establishing the Smith-Schumpeter-Wicksell (SSW) connection, in Scherer, F, and Perlman, M. (eds) (1992)
174. Enos, J. L. 1962. Petroleum Progress and Profits: A History of Process Innovation, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press
175. Ergas, H. 1984. "Why Do Some Countries Innovate More Than Others?’ Center for European Policy Studies Paper 5, Bruxelles
176. Ergas, H. 1987. The importance of technology policy, in Dasgupta, P. and Stoneman, P. (eds) (1987)
177. Fagerberg, J. 1987. A technology gap approach to why growth rates differ, Research Policy, vol. 16, nos: 2-4, 87-101
178. Fagerberg, J. 1992. The home market hypothesis re-examined: the impact of domestic-user-producer interaction in exports, in Lundvall, B.-Å. (ed.) (1992)
179. Faulkner, W. 1986. ‘Linkage between Academic and Industrial Research: The Case of Biotechnological Research in the Pharmaceutical Industry’, DPhil thesis, University of Sussex
180. Feller, I., Madden, P., Kaltreider, L., Moore, D. and Sims, L. 1987. The new agricultural research and technology transfer policy agenda, Research Policy, vol. 16, no. 6, 315-327
181. Flamm, K. 1987. Targeting Technology, National Policy and International Competition in Computers, Washington DC, Brookings Institute
182. Flamm, K. 1988. Creating the Computer: Government, Industry and High Technology, Washington DC, Brookings Institution
183. Fleck, J. 1983. Robots in manufacturing organisations, in Winch, G. (ed.) Information Technology in Manufacturing Processes, London, Rossendale
184. Fleck, J. 1988. ‘Innofusion or Diffusation? The Nature of Technological Development in Robotics’, ESRC Programme on Information and Communication Technologies (PICT), Working Paper series, University of Edinburgh
185. Fleck, J. 1993. Configurations crystallising contingency, The International Journal of Human Factors in Manufacturing, vol. 3, no. 1, 15-36
186. Foray, D. 1987. Innovation Technologique et Dynamique Industrielle, Lyon, Presses Universitaires de Lyon
187. Foray, D. 1991. The secrets of industry are in the air: industrial cooperation and the organizational dynamics of the innovative firm, Research Policy, vol. 20, no. 5, 393-405
188. Foray, D. 1992. ‘The Economics of Intellectual Property Rights and Systems of Innovation: The Inevitable Diversity’, paper at MERIT Conference, Maastricht, December
189. Foray, D. 1993. General Introduction, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
190. Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) 1993. Technology and the Wealth of Nations, London, Pinter
191. Foray, D. and Grübler, A. 1990. Morphological analysis: diffusion and lock-out of technologies: ferrous casting in France and the FRG, Research Policy, vol. 19, no. 6, 535-550
192. Fransman, M. 1990. The Market and Beyond: Cooperation and Competition in IT in the Japanese System, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
193. Freeman, C. 1962. Research and development: a comparison between British and American industry, National Institute Economic Review, vol. 20, 21-39
194. Freeman, C. 1971. The Role of Small Firms in Innovation in the UK since 1945, Bolton Committee Research Report 6, London, HMSO
195. Freeman, C. 1974. The Economics of Industrial Innovation, 1st edn, Harmondsworth, Penguin, second edition (1982) London, Frances Pinter
196. Freeman, C. (ed.) 1987A. Output Measurement in Science and Technology, Amsterdam, North-Holland
197. Freeman, C. 1987B. Technology Policy and Economic Performance: Lessons from Japan, London, Frances Pinter
198. Freeman, C. 1991A. Networks of innovators: a synthesis of research issues, Research Policy, vol. 20, no. 5, 499-514
199. Freeman, C. 199IB. Innovation, changes of techno-economic paradigm and biological analogies in economics, Revue Économique, vol. 42, no. 2, 211-32
200. Freeman, C. (ed.) 1992. The Economics of Hope, London, Pinter
201. Freeman, C. 1993. ‘The Political Economy of the Long Wave’, European Association of Political Economy, Barcelona Conference, October
202. Freeman, C, Clark, J. and Soete, L. 1982. Unemployment and Technical Innovation, London, Frances Pinter
203. Freeman, C, Fuller, J. K. and Young, A. J. 1963. The plastics industry: a comparative study of research and innovation, National Institute Economic Review, vol. 26, 22-62
204. Freeman, C. and Hagedoorn, J. 1992. ‘Convergence and Divergence in the Internationalisation of Technology’, paper for MERIT Conference, University of Limburg, December
205. Freeman, C, Harlow, C. J. E. and Fuller, J. K. 1965. Research and development in electronic capital goods, National Institute Economic Review, vol. 34, 40-97
206. Freeman, C. and Oldham, G. 1992. Requirements for science and technology policy in the 1990s, in Freeman, C. (ed.) (1992)
207. Freeman, C. and Perez, C. 1988. Structural crises of adjustment: business cycles and investment behaviour, in Dosi, G. et al. (eds) (1988)
208. Freeman, C. and Soete, L. (eds) 1990. New Explorations in the Economics of Technical Change, London, Pinter
209. Friedman, D. B. and Samuels, R. J. 1992. ‘How To Succeed without Really Flying: the Japanese Aircraft Industry and Japan’s Technology Policy", Cambridge, MA, MIT-JP 92-10, MIT Japan Program
210. Friedman, M. 1953. The methodology of positive economics, in Essays in Positive Economics, Chicago, Chicago University Press
211. Gaffard, J.-L. 1990. Economie industrielle de l’innovation, Paris, Dalloz
212. Gaffard, J.-L. 1993. Towards a theory of the creation of technology as an out-of-equilibrium process, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
213. Gann, D. 1992. ‘Intelligent Building Technologies: Japan and Singapore’, DTI Overseas Science and Technology Mission, Visit Report, London, DTI
214. Gann, D. 1994. ‘Innovation and the Built Environment", Brighton, University of Sussex, SPRU.
215. Gazis, D. L. 1979. The influence of technology on science: a comment on some experiences of IBM research, Research Policy, vol. 8, no. 4, 244-259
216. Gershuny, J. 1983. Social Innovation and the Division of Labour, Oxford, Oxford University Press
217. Gershuny, J. and Miles, I. D. 1983. The New Service Economy, London, Frances Pinter
218. Gibbons, M. and Johnston, R. 1974. The role of science in technological innovation, Research Policy, vol. 3, 220-42
219. Gibbons, M. and Metcalfe, J. S. 1986. Technological varíety and the process of competition, in Arcangeli, F. et al (eds) (1994)
220. Gilfillan, S. C. 1935. The Sociology of Invention, Chicago, Follet Publishing Company
221. Gille, B, 1978. Hiswire des Techniques, Paris, Gallimard
222. Gjerding, A. N. 1992. Work organisation and the innovation design dilemma, in Lundvall, B.-Å. (ed.) (1992)
223. Gjerding, A. N., Johnson, B., Kallehauge, L., Lundvall, B.-Å. and Madsen, P. T. 1992. The Productivity Mystery: Industrial Development in Denmark in the Eighties, Copenhagen, DJØF Publishing
224. Goddard, J., Thwaites, A. and Gibbs, D. 1986. The regional dimension to technological change in Great Britain, in Amin, A. and Goddard, J. B. (eds) (1986)
225. Gold, B. 1981. Technological diffusion in industry: research needs and shortcomings, Journal of Industrial Economics, vol. 29, no. 3, 247-69
226. Gomulka, S. 1990. The Theory of Technological Change and Economic Growth, London, Routledge
227. Goodwin, R. M. 1951. The nonlinear accelerator and the persistence of business cycles, Econometrica, vol. 19, 1-17
228. Goto, A. 1982. Business groups in a market economy, European Economic Review, vol. 19, 53-70
229. Gowing, M. 1964. Britain and Atomic Energy: Vol. I, Independence and Deterrence, Vol. 2, Policy Execution, London, Macmillan
230. Granstrand, O. 1982. Technology, Management and Markets, London, Frances Pinter
231. Granstrand, O. 1986. The modelling of buyer/seller diffusion processes. A novel approach to modelling diffusion and simple evolution of market structure, in Arcangeli, F. et al. (eds) (1994)
232. Granstrand, O. and Sjölander, S. 1992. Managing innovation in multi-technology corporations, Research Policy, vol. 19, no. 1, 35-61
233. Graves, A. 1987. ‘Comparative Trends in Automobile R&D’, DRC Discussion Paper 54, Brighton, SPRU, University of Sussex
234. Graves, A. 1992. ‘International Competitiveness and Technological Development in the World Automobile Industry’, DPhil thesis, University of Sussex
235. Greenstein, S. 1990. Creating economic advantage by setting compatibility standards: can physical tie-in extend monopoly power? Economics of Innovation and New Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, 63-85
236. Griliches, Z. 1958. Research costs and social-returns: hybrid corn and related innovations, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 66, no. 5, 419-31
237. Griliches, Z. 1984. R&D, Patents and Productivity, Chicago, Chicago University Press
238. Griliches, Z. 1990. Patent statistics as economic indicators: a survey, Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 28, 1661-1707
239. Grübler, A. 1990. The Rise and Fall of Infrastructures, Heidelberg, Physica-Verlag
240. Grupp, H. 1991. Innovation dynamics in OECD countries: towards a correlated network of R&D—trade, patent and technometric indicators, in OECD (199IB)
241. Grupp, H. 1992. Dynamics of Science-Based Innovation, Berlin, Springer-Verlag
242. Grupp, H. and Hofmeyer, O. 1986. A technometric model for me assessment of technological standards and their application to selected technology comparisons, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 30, 123-137
243. Grupp, H. and Soete, L. 1993. ‘Analysis of the Dynamic Relationship between Technical and Economic Performances in ICT Sectors 1’, Synthesis Report to EC, DGXIII, Karlsruhe, ISI and Maastricht, MERIT
244. Hagedoorn, J. 1990. Organisational modes of interfirm cooperation and technology transfer, Technovation, vol. 10, no. 1, 17-30
245. Hagedoorn J. and Schakenraad, J. 1990. Strategic partnering and technological cooperation, in Freeman, C. and Soete, L. (eds) (1990)
246. Hagedoorn, J. and Schakenraad, J. 1992. Leading companies and networks of strategic alliances in information technologies, Research Policy, vol. 21, no. 2, 163-91
247. Hahn, F. 1987. Information dynamics and equilibrium, Scottish Journal of Political Economy, vol. 35, no. 4, 321-34
248. Håkansson, H. 1989. Corporate Technological Behaviour: Cooperation and networks, London, Routledge
249. Håkansson, H. and Johanson, J. 1988. Formal and informal cooperation strategies in international industrial networks, in Contractor, F. J. and Lorange, P. (eds) Cooperative Strategies in International Business, Lexington, MA, Lexington Books
250. Hamberg, D. 1964. Size of firm, oligopoly and research: the evidence, Canadian Journal of Economic and Political Science, vol. 30, no. 1, 62-75
251. Hamberg, D. 1966. Essays on the Economics of Research and Development, New York, Random House
252. Hanusch, H. (ed.) 1988. Evolutionary Economics: Applications of Schumpeter’s Ideas, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
253. Harris, R. I. D. 1988. Technological change and regional development in the UK: evidence from the SPRU database, Regional Studies, vol. 22, 361-74
254. Hawkins, R. 1992. ‘Standards for Technologies of Communication: Policy Implications of the Dialogue between Technical and Non-technical Factors’, DPhil thesis, University of Sussex, SPRU
255. Heertje, A. 1977. Economic and Technical Change, London, Weidenfeld and Nicholson
256. Heertje, A. (ed.) 1988. Innovation, Technology and Finance, Oxford, Blackwell
257. Heertje, A 1992. ‘Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy after Fifty Years’, International Economics Association, Tenth World Congress, Moscow
258. Heertje, A. and Periman, M. (eds) 1990. Evolving Technology and Market Structure; Studies in Schumpeterian Economics, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press
259. Heiner, R. 1983. The origin of predictable behaviour, American Economic Review, vol. 73, no. 4, 560-95
260. Heiner, R. 1988. Imperfect decisions, routinized behaviour and inertial technical change, in Dosi, G. et al. (eds) (1988)
261. Helpman, E. and Grossman, I. 1991. Endogenous Growth Theory, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press Hessen, B. 1971 (1931). The social and economic roots of Newton’s Principia, in Bukharin, N. (ed.) Science at the Crossroads, London, Frank Cass
262. Hicks, D., Ishizuka, T. and Sweet, S. 1992A. ‘Japanese Corporations, Scientific Research and Globalisation’, DRC Discussion Paper 91, ESRC Research Centre, Brighton, University of Sussex, SPRU
263. Hicks, D., Isard, P. and Hirooka, M. 1992B. Science in Japanese companies, Japan Journal for Science, Technology and Society, vol. 1, 108-149
264. Hill, C. and Utterback, J. 1979. Technological Innovation for a Dynamic Economy, Oxford, Pergamon
265. Hilpert, U. 1991. State Policies and Techno-industrial Innovation, London, Routledge
266. Hobday, M. 1992. ‘Foreign Investment, Exports and Technology Development in the Four Dragons’, UN TNC Division, Campinas Conference, Brazil, November
267. Hodgson, G. 1991. Evolution and intention in economic theory, in Saviotti, P. and Metcalfe, J. S. (eds) (1991)
268. Hodgson, G. M. 1992. ‘Optimisation and Evolution: Winter’s Critique of Friedman Revisited’, Newcastle Polytechnic, Department of Economics
269. Hodgson, G. M. 1993. Economics and Evolution: Bringing Life Back into Economics, Cambridge, Polity Press
270. Hoffmann, K. and Rush, H. 1988. Microelectronics and the Clothing Industry, New York, Praeger
271. Holbek, J. 1985. The innovation-design dilemma, in Grønlaug, K., and Kaufmann, E. (eds) Innovation: A Cross-Disciplinary Perspective, Oslo, Norwegian University Press
272. Hollander, S. 1965. The Sources of Increased Efficiency: A Study of DuPont Rayon Plants, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press
273. Hollingsworth, R. 1993. Variation among nations in the logic of manufacturing sectors and international competitiveness’, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
274. Hounshell, D. A. 1992A. DuPont and large-scale R&D, in Galison, P and Herry, B. (eds) Big Science: The Growth of Large-Scale Research, Stanford, Stanford University Press
275. Hounshell, D. A. 1992B. Continuity and change in the management of industrial research: the DuPont Company 1902-1980, in Dosi, G., Gianetti, R. and Toninelli, P. A. (eds) (1992)
276. Hounshell, D. A. and Smith, J. K. 1988. Science and Corporate Strategy: DuPont R&D 1902-1980, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
277. Howells, J. 1990. The globalisation of research and development, a new era of change, Science and Public Policy, vol. 17, no. 4, 273-85
278. Hu, Y. S. 1992. Global or transnational corporations are national firms with international operations, Californian Management Review, vol. 34
279. Hufbauer, G. C. 1966. Synthetic Materials and the Theory of International Trade, London, Duckworth
280. Hughes, T. P. 1982. Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society 1800-1930, Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins University Press
281. Hughes, T. P. 1989. American Genesis, New York, Viking
282. Hughes, T. P. 1992. The dynamics of technological change: salients, critical problems and industrial revolutions, in Dosi, G., Giannetti, R. and Toninelli, P. A. (eds) (1992)
283. Imai, K. 1989. Evolution of Japan’s corporate and industrial networks, in Carlsson, B. (ed.) (1989)
284. Imai, K. and Itami, H. 1984. Interpenetrarion in organisation and market: Japan’s firm and market in comparison with US, International Journal of industrial Organisation, vol. 2, 285-310
285. Imai, K, and Baba, Y. 1989. ‘Systemic Innovation and Cross-border Networks: Transcending Markets and Hierarchies to Create a New Techno-economic System’ OECD Conference on Science Technology and Economic Growth, Paris, June
286. Irvine, J., Martin, B. R., Abraham, J. and Peacock, T. 1987. Assessing basic research: reappraisal and update of an evaluation of four radio astronomy laboratories, Research Policy, vol. 16, nos. 2-A, 213-27
287. Iwai, K. 1984A. Schumpeterian dynamics: an evolutionary model of innovation and imitation, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, vol. 5, 159-90
288. Iwai, K. 1984B. Schumpeterian dynamics, Part II: technological progress, firm growth and economic selection, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, vol. 5, 321-51
289. Jacobsson, S. 1986. Electronics and Industrial Policy: The Case of Computer-Controlled Machine Tools, London, Allen and Unwin
290. Jagger, N. S. B. and Miles, I. D. 1991. New telematic services in Europe, in Freeman, C, Sharp, M. and Walker, W. (eds) Technology and the Future of Europe, London, Pinter
291. Jaikumar, R. 1988. ‘From Filing and Fitting to Flexible Manufacturing’, WP 88-045, Harvard Business School
292. Jang Sup Shin 1992. ‘Catching Up and Technological Progress in Late Industrialising Countries’, MPhil Dissertation, University of Cambridge
293. Jewkes, J., Sawers, D. and Stillerman, R._ 1958. The Sources of Invention, London and New York, Macmillan (revised edition 1969)
294. Johnson, B. 1992. Institutional learning, in Lundvall, B.- Å. (ed.) (1992)
295. Kamien, M. and Schwartz, N. 1975. Market structure and innovation: a summary, Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 13, no. 1, 1-37
296. Kamien, M and Schwartz, N. 1982. Market Structure and Innovation, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
297. Kaplinsky, R. 1983. Firm size and technical change in a dynamic context, Journal of Industrial Economics, vol. 32, 39-59
298. Katz, B. G. and Phillips, A. 1982. Government, technological opportunities and the emergence of the computer industry, in Giersch (ed.), Emerging Technologies, Tubingen, J. C. B. Mohr pp. 419-66
299. Kay, N. 1979. The Innovating Firm, London, Macmillan
300. Kay, N. 1982. The Evolving Firm, London, Macmillan
301. Keck, O. 1982. Policy-Making in a Nuclear Reactor Programme: The Case of the West German Fast-Breeder Reactor, Lexington, Lexington Books, Heath
302. Kelley, M. B. and Brooks, H. 1991. External learning opportunities and the diffusion of process innovations to small firms: the case of programmable automation, in Nakicenovic, N. and Grubler, A. (eds) (1991)
303. Kennedy, C and Thirlwall, A. P. 1973. Technical progress, in Surveys of Applied Economics, vol. 1, London, Macmillan for the Royal Economic Society and SSRC
304. Keirstead, B. S. 1948. The Theory of Economic Change, Toronto, Macmillan
305. Klein, B. H. 1977. Dynamic Economics, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press
306. Kleinknecht, A. 1987. Innovation Patterns in Crisis and Prosperity: Schumpeter’s Long Cycle Reconsidered, London, Macmillan
307. Kleinknecht, A. 1990. Are there Schumpeterian waves of innovation? Cambridge Journal of Economics, vol. 14 no. 1, 81-92
308. Kleinknescht, A. and Reijnen, J. O. N. 1992A. Why do firms cooperate on R&D? An empirical study, Research Policy, vol. 21, no. 4, 347-60
309. Kleinknecht A. and Reijnen, J. O. N. 1992B The experience with new innovation data in the Netherlands, STI Review, vol. 11, 64-76
310. Kline, S. and Rosenberg, N. 1985. An overview of the process of innovation, in Landau, R. and Rosenberg, N. (eds) The Positive Sum Strategy: Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth, Washington DC, National Academy Press
311. Kodama, F. 1986. Japanese innovation in mechatronics technology, Science and Public Policy, vol. 13, no. 1, 44-51
312. Kodama, F. 1990. ‘Rivals’ Participation in Collective Research: Economic and Technological Rationale’, Tokyo, NISTEP Conference, 2-4 February
313. Kodama, F. 1991. Analysing Japanese High Technologies, London, Pinter
314. Kodama, F. 1992. Japan’s unique capacity to innovate: technology fusion and its international implications, in Arrison, T. S., Bergsten, C. F., Graham, E. M. and Harris, M. C. (eds) Japan’s Growing Technological Capability: Implications for the US Economy, Washington DC, National Academy Press
315. Krauch, H. 1970. Die Organisierte Forschung, Berlin, Luchterhand
316. Krauch, H. 1990. Prioritäten für die Forschungspolitik, Munich, Hanser-Verlag
317. Krugman, P. 1990. Rethinking International Trade, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press
318. Krupp, H. 1992. Energy Politics and Schumpeter Dynamics, Tokyo, Springer-Verlag
319. Kuhn, T. S. 1962. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago, Chicago University Press
320. Landes, M. 1970. The Unbound Prometheus: Technological and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
321. Langrish, J., Gibbons, M., Evans, P. and Jevons, F. 1972. Wealth from Knowledge, London, Macmillan
322. Lastres, H. 1992. ‘Advanced Materials and the Japanese National System of Innovation’, DPhil thesis, University of Sussex, SPRU
323. Lazonick, W. 1990. Competitive Advantage on the Shop Floor, Cambridge, MA, Harvard
324. Lazonick, W. 1992A. Business organisation and competitive advantage: capitalist transformations in the twentieth century, in Dosi, G., Giannetti, R. and Toninelli, P. A. (eds) (1992)
325. Lazonick, W. 1992B. Controlling the market for corporate control: the historical significance of managerial capitalism, in Scherer F. M. and Perlman, M. (eds) (1992)
326. Levin, R. C. 1986. A new look at the patent system, American Economic Review, vol. 76, 199-201
327. Levin, R. C. 1988. Appropriability, R&D spending and technological performance, American Economic Review (PP), vol. 78, 424-8
328. Levin, R., Cohen, W. M. and Mowery, D. C. 1985. R&D appropriability, opportunity and market structure: new evidence on some Schumpeterian hypotheses, American Economic Review, vol. 75, no. 2, 20-24
329. Levin, R. C, Klevorick, A. K., Nelson, R. R. and Winter, S. G. 1987. Appropriating the returns from industrial research and development, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, vol. 3, 783-820
330. Limpens, I., Verspagen, B. and Beelen, E. 1992. ‘Technology Policy in Eight European Countries: A Comparison’, University of Limburg, MERIT
331. Lovio, R. 1993. ‘Evolution of Firm Communities in New Industries: The Case of the Finnish Electronic Industry’, PhD Dissertation, Helsinki, School of Economics and Business Administration
332. Lucas, R. E. B. 1986. Adaptive behaviour and economic theory, Journal of Business, vol. 59, 401-476
333. Lundgren, A. 1991. ‘Technological Innovation and Industrial Evolution: The Emergence of Industrial Networks’, DPhil dissertation, Stockholm School of Economics
334. Lundvall, B.- Ǻ. 1985. Product innovation and user-producer interaction, in Industrial Development Research Series, vol. 31, Aalborg, Aalborg University Press
335. Lundvall, B.- Ǻ. 1988. Innovation as an interactive process: from user-producer interaction to the national system of innovation, in Dosi, G. et al. (eds) (1988)
336. Lundvall, B.- Ǻ. (ed.) 1992. National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning, London, Pinter
337. Lundvall, B.- Ǻ. 1993. User-producer relationships, national systems of innovation and inter-nationalisation, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
338. Machlup, F. 1962. The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States, Princeton, Princeton University Press
339. Mackenzie, D. 1990. Inventing Accuracy: A Historical Sociology of Nuclear Missile Guidance, Cambridge MA, MIT Press
340. Mackenzie, D. 1990. ‘Economic and Sociological Exploration of Technical Change’, paper presented at Manchester Conference on Firm Strategy and Technical Change
341. Mackerron, G. S. 1991. De-commissioning costs and British nuclear policy, Energy Policy, vol. 12, 13-28
342. MacQueen, D. H. and Wallmark, J. T. 1983. 700 Vikage Innovationer i Sverige 1945-1980, Stockholm, STU
343. Mahajan, V. and Peterson, R. A. 1979. Integrating firm and space in technological diffusion models, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 14, 127-146
344. Malerba, F. 1985. The Semiconductor Business: The Economics of Rapid Growth and Decline, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press
345. Malerba, F., Torrisi, S. and von Tunzelmann, N. 1991. Electronic computers, in Freeman, C, Sharp, M., and Walker, W. (eds) Technology and the Future of Europe, London, Pinter
346. Mansell, R. 1988. Telecommunication network-based services: regulation and market structure in transition, Telecommunication Policy, vol. 12, no. 3, 243-55
347. Mansell, R. 1989. Technology Network-Based Services: Policy Implications, Paris, OECD
348. Mansell, R. 1990A. Rethinking the telecommunication infrastructure: the new ‘black box’, Research Policy, vol. 19, no. 6, 507-515
349. Mansell, R. 1990B. Multinational relationships: shaping telecommunication markets, in Wilkinson, C. (ed.) International Aspects of Industrial Policies, Luxembourg, Institut Universitaire International
350. Mansell, R. and Morgan, K. 1991. Evolving telecommunication infrastructures: organising the new European community market-place, in Freeman, C. Sharp, M. and Walker, W. (eds) Technology and the Future of Europe, London, Pinter
351. Mansfield, E. 1961. Technical change and the rate of imitation, Econmetrica, vol. 29, no. 4, 741-66
352. Mansfield, E. 1963. Size of firm, market structure and innovation, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 7, no. 61, 556-76
353. Mansfield, E. 1968. The Economics of Technological Change, New York, Norton
354. Mansfield, E., Rapoport, J., Schnee, J., Wagner, S. and Hamburger, M. 1971. Research and Innovation in the Modem Corporation, New York, Norton, and London, Macmillan
355. Mansfield, E., Rapoport, J., Romeo, A., Wagner, S. and Beardsley, G. 1977. The Production and Application of New Industrial Technology, New York, Norton
356. Mansfield, E. 1980. Basic research and productivity increase in manufacturing, American Economic Review, vol. 70, 863-73
357. Mansfield, E. 1985. How rapidly does new industrial technology leak out?, Journal of Industrial Economics, vol. 34, no. 2, 217-23
358. Mansfield, E. 1988. Industrial Innovation in Japan and the United States, Science, 241, 1760-1764
359. Mansfield, E. 1989. The diffusion of industrial robots in Japan and the United States, Research Policy, vol. 18, 183-92
360. Mansfield, E. 1991. Academic research and industrial innovation, Research Policy, vol. 20, no. 1, 1-13
361. Mansfield, E., Schwartz, M. and Wagner, S. 1981. Imitation costs and patents: an empirical study, Economic Journal, vol. 91, no. 4, 907-18
362. March, J. G. and Simon, H. A. 1958. Organizations, New York, Wiley
363. Marsden, D. 1993. Skill flexibility, labour market structure, training systems and competitiveness, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
364. Marshall, A. 1890. Principles of Economics, London, Macmillan
365. Martin, B. R. and Irvine, J. 1981. Internal criteria for scientific choice: an evaluation of the research performance of electric high-energy physics accelerators, Minerva, vol. XIX, 408-32
366. Martin, B. R. and Irvine, J. 1983. Assessing basic research: some partial indicators of scientific progress in radio astronomy, Research Policy, vol. 12, 61-90
367. Martin, B. R. and Irvine, J. 1985. Evaluating the evaluators: a reply to our critics, Social Studies of Science, vol. 15, 558-75
368. Matthews, J. 1989. Tools of Change: New Technology and the Democratisation of Work, Sydney, Pluto Press
369. Mensch, G. 1975. Das Technologische Pau, Frankfurt, Umschau
370. Metcalfe, J. S. 1981. Impulse and diffusion in the study of technical change, Futures, vol. 13, no. 5, 345-359
371. Metcalfe, J. S. 1988. The diffusion of innovations: an interpretative survey, in Dosi, G et al. (eds) (1988)
372. Metcalfe, J. S. 1993. ‘The Economic Foundations of Technology Policy: Equilibrium and Evolutionary Perspectives’, University of Manchester, mimeo, reprinted in Stoneman, P. (ed.) (1994)
373. ’, Manchester University paper presented at the 7th World Congress of the International Economics Association, Madrid, September, reprinted in Pasinetti (ed.) (1987) Growth and Structural Change, London, Macmillan
374. Metcalfe, J. S. and Gibbons, M. 1989. Technology, variety and organisation: a systematic perspective in the competitive process, Research on Technological Innovation, Management and Policy, vol. 4, 153-93
375. Meyer-Krahmer, F. 1990. Science and Technology in the Federal Republic of Germany, London, Longman
376. Meyer-Krahmer, F. 1992. The German R&D system in transition: empirical results and prospects of future development, Research Policy, vol. 21, no. 5, 423-37
377. Meyer-Krahmer, F. and Soligny, P. 1989. Evaluation of government innovation programmes in selected European countries, Research Policy, vol. 18, 315-32
378. Midgley, D. F., Morrison, P. D. and Roberts, J. H. 1992. The effect of network structure in industrial diffusion processes, Research Policy, vol. 21, no. 6, 533-552
379. Miles, I. 1989. Home Informatics: Information Technology and the Transformation of Everyday Life, London, Pinter
380. Miles, I. 1990. Teleshopping: just around the comer?, Journal of the RSA, vol. 138, 180-189
381. Miles, I., Rush, H., Turner, K. and Bessant, J. 1988. Information Horizons: The Long-Term Social Implications of New IT, London, Edward Elgar
382. Miles, I, and Thomas, G. 1990. The development of new telematics services, STI Review, vol. 7, 35-63
383. Miles, I., Schneider, V. and Thomas, G. 1991. The dynamics of videotex development in Britain, France and Germany: a cross-national comparison, European Journal of Communication, vol. 6, 187-212
384. Miller, R, Hobday, M., Leroux-Demers, T. and Olleros, X. 1994. Innovation in complex systems industries: the case of flight stimulation, Industrial and Corporate Change, in press
385. Mjøset, L. 1992. The Irish Economy in a Comparative Institutional Perspective, Dublin, National Economic and Social Council
386. Molina, A. H. 1989. ‘Transputers and Parallel Computers: Building Technological Competition Through Socio-technical Constituencies’, PICT Paper 7, Edinburgh, Research Centre for Social Sciences
387. Molina, A. H. 1990. Transputers and transputer-based parallel computers, Research Policy, vol. 19, no. 4, 309-35
388. Morgan, K. and Sayer, A. 1988. Microcircuits of Capital, Oxford, Polity Press
389. Morris, P. J. T. 1982. ‘The Development of Acetyline Chemistry and Synthetic Rubber by IG Farben AG 1926-1945’, DPhil thesis, University of Oxford
390. Morton, J. A. 1971. Organizing for Innovation, New York, McGraw-Hill
391. Mowery, D. C. 1980. The Emergence and Growth of Industrial Research in American Manufacturing 1899-1946’, PhD dissertation, Stanford University
392. Mowery, D. C. 1983. The relationship between intrafirm and contractual forms of industrial research in American manufacturing 1900-1940, Explorations in Economic History, vol. 20, no. 4, 351-74
393. Mowery, D. C. (ed.) 1988. International Collaborative Ventures, Cambridge, Ballinger
394. Mowery, D. C. 1989. Collaborative ventures between US and foreign manufacturing firms, Research Policy, vol. 18, no. 1, 19-33
395. Mowery, D. C. 1992A. Finance and corporate evolution in firm industrial economics 1900-1950, Industrial and Corporate Change, vol. 1, no. 1, 1-37
396. Mowery, D. C. 1992B The US national innovation system: origins and prospects for change, Research Policy, vol. 21, no. 2 125-45
397. Mowery, D. C. and Rosenberg, N. 1979. the influence of market demand upon innovation: a critical review of some recent empirical studies, Research Policy, vol. 8, 102-53
398. Mulder, K. F. and Vergragt, P. J. 1990. Synthetic fibre technology and company strategy, R&D Management, vol. 20, no. 3, 247-56
399. Myers, S. and Marquis, D. G. 1969. Successful Industrial Innovation, Washington, DC, National Science Foundation
400. Nabseth, L. and Ray, G. F. 1974. The Diffusion of New Industrial Processes, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
401. Nakicenovic, N. and Grübler, A. (eds) 1991. Diffusion of Technologies and Social Behaviour, IIASA, Berlin, Springer-Verlag
402. Narin, F, and Noma, E. 1985. Is technology becoming science? Scientometrics, vol. 7, no. 3, 369-81
403. Narin, F., Noma, E. and Perry, R. 1987. Patents as indicators of corporate technological strength, Research Policy, vol. 16, nos. 2-A, 143-157
404. Narin, F. and Olivastro, D. 1992. Status report: linkage between technology and science, Research Policy, vol. 21, 237-51
405. National Science Foundation 1969. Report on Project TRACES by Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute, Washington DC
406. Nelson, R. R. 1959A. The simple economics of basic scientific research, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 67, no. 3, 297-306
407. Nelson, R. R. 1959B. The economics of invention: a survey of the literature, Journal of Business, vol. 32, no. 2, 101-27
408. Nelson, R. R. 1962. The link between science and invention: the case of the transistor, in NBER, The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press
409. Nelson, R. R. 1984. High Technology Policies: A Five-Nation Comparison, Washington DC, American Enterprise Institute
410. Nelson, R. R. 1985. Institutions supporting technical advance in industry, American Economic Review, vol. 75, 186-9
411. Nelson, R. R. 1990. Capitalism as an engine of progress, Research Policy, vol. 19, 193-214
412. Nelson, R. R. 1991. Why do firms differ, and how does it matter?, Strategic Management Journal, vol. 12, no. 1
413. Nelson, R. R. 1992A. National innovation systems: a retrospective on a study, Industrial and Corporate Change, vol. 1, no. 2 347-74
414. Nelson, R. R. 1992B. The roles of firms in technical advance: a perspective from evolutionary theory, in Dosi, G., Giannetti, R. and Toninelli, P. A. (eds) (1992)
415. Nelson, R. R. (ed.) 1962. The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity, National Bureau of Economic Research, Princeton, Princeton University Press
416. Nelson, R. R. (ed.) 1993. National Systems of Innovation: A Comparative Study, Oxford, Oxford University Press
417. Nelson, R. R., Peck, M. J. and Kalachek, E. D. 1967. Technology, Economic Growth and Public Policy, London, Allen and Unwin
418. Nelson, R. R. and Winter, S. G. 1974. Neoclassical versus evolutionary theories of economic growth, Economic Journal, vol. 84, 886-905
419. Nelson, R. R. and Winter, S. G. 1977. In search of useful theory of innovation, Research Policy, vol. 6, no. 1, 36-76
420. Nelson, R. R. and Winter, S. G. 1982. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press
421. Niosi, J. (ed.) 1991. Technology and National Competitiveness, Montreal, McGill-Queens University Press
422. Oakey, R. 1984. High Technology Small Firms, London, Pinter
423. OECD 1963, 1970, 1976, 1981, 1993. The Measurement of Scientific and Technical Activities, Paris, Directorate for Scientific Affairs
424. OECD 1986. Technological Agreements between Firms, Paris, OECD
425. OECD 1988. A survey of technology licensing, STI Review, vol. 4, 7-51
426. OECD 1991A. TEP: Technology in a Changing World, Paris, OECD
427. OECD 1991B. Technology and Productivity: The Challenges for Economic Policy, Paris, OECD
428. OECD 1992A. Technology and the Economy: The Key Relationships, Paris, OECD
429. OECD 1992B. STI Review, vol. 11
430. Ohmae, K. 1990. The Borderless World, New York, Harper
431. Olson, M. 1982. The Rise and Decline of Nations, Newhaven, Yale University Press
432. Orsenigo, L. 1989. The Emergence of Biotechnology: Institutions and Markets m Industrial Innovation, London, Pinter
433. Orsenigo, L. 1993. The dynamics of competition in a science-based technology: the case of biotechnology, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
434. Pasinetti, L. L. 1981. Structural Change and Economic Growth, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
435. Patel, P. and Pavitt, K. 1991. Large firms in the production of the world’s technology: an important case of ‘non-globalisation’, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 22, no. 1, 1-21
436. Patel, P. and Pavitt, K. 1992A. The innovative performance of the world’s largest firms: some new evidence’, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, vol. 2, 91-102
437. Patel, P. and Pavitt, K. 1992B ‘The Continuing Widespread (and Neglected) Importance of Improvements in Mechanical Technologies’, paper presented at Stanford Conference on ‘The Role of Technology in Economies’ in honour of Nathan Rosenberg, Brighton, University of Sussex, SPRU, mimeo, November
438. Patel, P. and Pavitt, K. 1993. Patterns of technological activity, in Stoneman, P. (ed.) (1994)
439. Patel, P. and Soete, L. 1988. Measuring the economic effects of technology, STI Review, vol. 4, 121-66
440. Paulinyi, A. 1982. Der technologietransfer für die Metallbearbeitung und die preussische Gewerbeförderung 1820-1850, in Blaich, F. (Hg), Die Rolle des Staates für die Wirtschaftlinche Entwicklung, pp. 99-142, Berlin, Blaich
441. Paulinyi, A. 1989. Industrielle Revolution: vom Ursprung der modermen Technik, Hamburg Deutsches Museum, Rowohlt
442. Pausenberger, R. 1991. Technologie Politik Internationaler Untemehmen, Zeitschrift fur Betriebs-wirtschaftlicherforschung, 1025-1054
443. Pavitt, K. 1971. The Conditions for Success in Technological Innovation, Paris, OECD
444. Pavitt, K. 1982. R&D, patenting and innovation activities: a statistical exploration, Research Policy, vol. 11, no. 1, 35-51
445. Pavitt, K. 1984. Patterns of technical change: towards a taxonomy and a theory, Research Policy, vol. 13, no. 6, 343-73
446. Pavitt, K. 1985. Patent statistics as indicators of innovative activities: possibilities and problems, Scientometrics, vol. 7, no. 1-2, 77-99
447. Pavitt, K. 1986A. ‘Chips’ and ‘Trajectories’: how does the semiconductor influence the sources and directions of technical change?, in MacLeod, R. (ed.) Technology and the Human Prospect, London, Frances Pinter
448. Pavitt, K. 1986B. Technology, innovation and strategic management, in McGee, J. and Thomas, H. (eds) Strategic Management Research: A European Perspective, New York, Wiley
449. Pavitt, K. 1986C. International patterns of technological accumulation, in Hood, N. (ed.) Strategies in Global Competition, New York, Wiley
450. Pavitt, K. 1990. What we know about the strategic management of technology, California Management Review, vol. 32, 3-26
451. Pavitt, K. 1993. What do firms leam from basic research?, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
452. Pavitt, K., Robson, M. and Townsend, J. 1987. The size distribution of innovative firms in the UK: 1945-1983, Journal of Industrial Economics, vol. 35, no. 3, 297-319
453. Pavitt, K. and Walker, W. 1976. Government policies towards industrial innovation, Research Policy, vol. 5, no. 1, 1-96
454. Pearce, R. 1990. The Internationalisation of R&D by Multinational Enterprises, London, Macmillan
455. Pearce, R. D. and Singh, S. 1992. Globalising Research and Development, London, Macmillan
456. Penrose, E. 1952. Biological analogies in the theory of the firm, American Economic Review, vol. 41, 804-19
457. Penrose, E. T. 1959. The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, Oxford, Basil Blackwell
458. Perrin, J. 1988. Comment Naissent Us Techniques? Paris, Publisud
459. Perez, C. 1983. Structural change and the assimilation of new technologies in the economic and social system, Futures, vol. 15, no. 5, 357-375
460. Perez, C. 1985. Microelectronics, long waves and world structural change: new perspectives for developing countries, World Development, vol. 13, no. 3, 441-63
461. Perez, C. 1989. ‘Technical Change, Competitive Restructuring and Institutional Reform in Developing Countries’, World Bank Strategic Planning and Review, Discussion Paper 4, Washington, DC, World Bank, December
462. Petit, P. 1991. New technology and measurement of services: the case of financial activities, in OECD (1991B)
463. Petroski, H. 1989. H. D. Thoreau, Engineer, in American Heritage of Invention and Technology, New Haven, Yale University Press
464. Phillips, A. 1971. Technobgy and Market Structure, Lexington, MA, Heath
465. Piore, M. J. 1993. The revival of prosperity in industrial economies: technological trajectories, organisational structure, competitivity, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
466. Poon, A. 1993. Tourism, Technology and Competitive Strategies, Wallingford, CAB International
467. Porter, M. 1990. The Competitive Advantage of Nations, New York, Free Press, Macmillan
468. Posner, M. 1961. International trade and technical change, Oxford Economic Papers, vol. 13, no. 3, 323-343
469. Posthuma, A. 1987. ‘The Internationalisation of Clerical Work: a Study of Offshore Office Services in the Caribbean’, SPRU Occasional Paper 24, Brighton, University of Sussex
470. Prais, S. J. 1981. Vocational qualifications of the labour force in Britain and Germany, National Institute Economic Review, vol. 98, 47-59
471. Prais, S. J. 1987. Education for productivity: comparisons of Japanese and English schooling for vocational preparation, National Institute Economic Review, vol. 119, 40-56
472. Prais, S. J. and Wagner, K. 1983. Some practical aspects of human capital investment: training standards in five occupations in Britain and Germany, National Institute Economic Review, vol. 105, 46-65
473. Prais, S. J. and Wagner, K. 1988. Productivity and management: the training of foremen in Britain and Germany, National Institute Economic Review, vol. 123, 34-47
474. Price, D. de S. 1984. The science/technology relationship, the craft of experimental science and policy for the improvement of high technology innovation, Research Policy, vol. 13, no. 1, 3-20
475. Quinn, J. B. 1987. The impacts of technology in the services sector, in Guile, B. and Brooks, H. (eds) Technology and Global Industry, Washington, DC, National Academy Press
476. Quintas, P. (ed.) 1993. Social Dimensions of Systems Engineering, Chichester, Ellis Harwood
477. Quintella, R. 1993. ‘The Relationship between Business and Technology Strategies in the Chemical Industry’, DPhil thesis, University of Brighton
478. Ray, G. F. 1984. The Diffusion of Mature Technologies, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
479. Reekie, W. D. 1973. Patent data as a guide to industrial activity, Research Policy, vol. 2, no. 3, 246-66
480. Reich, L. S. 1985. The Making of American Industrial Research: Science and Business at GE and Bell 1876-1926, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
481. Reich, R. B. 1991. The Work of Nations, New York, Vintage Books
482. Roberts, E. B. 1991. Entrepreneurs in High Technology: Lessons from MIT and Beyond, New York, Oxford University Press
483. Rogers, E. M. 1962. Diffusion of Innovations, New York, Free Press of Glencoe
484. Rogers, E. M. 1986. ‘Three Decades of Research on the Diffusion of Innovations: Progress, Problems, Prospects’, paper presented at DAEST Conference, Venice, reprinted in Arcangeli et al. (eds) (1994)
485. Romeo, A. A. 1975. Interindustry and interfirm differences in the rate of diffusion of an innovation, Review of Economic Statistics, vol. 57, no. 3, 311-19
486. Romer, P. 1986. Increasing returns and long-run growth, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 94, no. 5, 1002-37
487. Romer, P. 1993. The Determinants of Economic Growth: Stimulus, Conditioning and Techniques’, Toronto, Honda Foundation, October
488. Roobeek, A. J. M. 1987. The crisis in Fordism and the rise of a new technological paradigm, Futures, vol. 19, 129-154
489. Rosario, M. and Schmidt, S. K. 1991. Standardisation in the EC: the example of ICT, in Freeman, C, Sharpe, M. and Walker, W. (eds) Technology and the Future of Europe, London, Pinter
490. Rosenberg, N. 1963. Technological change in the machine tool industry, Journal of Economic History, vol. 23, 414-43
491. Rosenberg, N. 1976. Perspectives on Technology, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
492. Rosenberg, N. 1982. Inside the Black Box, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
493. Rosenberg, N. 1990. Why do firms do basic research with their own money?, Research Policy, vol. 19, no. 2, 165-75
494. Rosenberg, N. 1992. Scientific instrumentation and university research, Research Policy, vol. 21, no. 4, 381-90
495. Rosenberg, N. 1994. Exploring the Black Box: Technology, Economics and History, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, in press
496. Rothwell, R. 1977. Innovations in textile machinery, R&D Management, vol. 6, no. 3, 131-8
497. Rothwell, R. 1991. External networking and innovation in small and medium-sized manufacturing firms in Europe, Technovation, vol. 11, no. 2, 93-112
498. Rothwell, R. 1992. ‘Successful Industrial Innovation: Critical Factors for the 1990s’, SPRU 25th Anniversary, Brighton, University of Sussex, Reprinted in R&D Management vol. 22, no. 3, 221-39
499. Rothwell, R. and Gardiner, P. 1988. Re-innovation and robust design: producer and user benefits, Journal of Marketing Management, vol. 3, no. 3, 372-87
500. Rothwell, R., Freeman, C, Horsley, A., Jervis, V. T. P., Robertson, A. B. and Townsend, J. 1974. SAPPHO updated, Research Policy, vol. 3, no. 5
501. Rothwell, R. and Zegveld W. 1982. Industrial Innovation and Public Policy, London, Frances Pinter Russo, M. 1985. Technical change and the industrial district: the role of inter-firm relations in the growth and transformation of ceramic tile production in Italy, Research Policy, vol. 14, no. 6, 329-44
502. Ruttan, V. 1959. Usher and Schumpeter on innovation, invention and technological change, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 73, no. 4, 596-606
503. Ruttan, V. W. 1982. Agricultural Research Policy, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press Sabel, C. F. 1993. Studied trust: building new forms of cooperation in a volatile economy, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
504. Sahal, D. 1977. The multi-dimensional diffusion of technology, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 10, 277-98
505. Sahal, D. 1981. Patterns of Technological Innovation, New York, Addison-Wesley
506. Sahal, D. 1985 Technology guide-posts and innovation avenues, Research Policy, vol. 14, no. 2, 61-82
507. Sako, M. 1992. Contracts, Prices and Trust: How the Japanese and British Manage Their Subcontracting Relationships, Oxford, Oxford University Press
508. Salomon, J. J. 1985. Le Gauloise, le Cowboy et le Samurai, Centre de Perspective et d’ Évolution, Paris, CNAM
509. Salter, W. 1960. Productivity, Growth and Technical Change, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
510. Samuels, R. J. 1987. Energy Markets in Comparative and Historical Perspective, Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press
511. Santa Fé Institute 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993. Working Papers, Economics Research Programme, New Mexico
512. Saviotti, P. P. 1991. The role of variety in economic and technological development, in Saviorti, P. P. and Metcalfe, J. S. (eds) (1991)
513. Saviotti, P. P. and Metcalfe, J. S. (eds) 1991. Evolutionary Theories of Economic and Technological Change, Reading, Harwood Academic Publishers
514. Saxenian, A. 1991. The origins and dynamics of production networks in Silicon Valley, Research Policy, vol. 20, no. 5, 423-437
515. Scherer, F. M. 1965. Firm size, market structure, opportunity and the output of patented inventions, American Economic Review, vol. 55, no. 5, 1097-1123
516. Scherer, F. M. 1973. Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance, Chicago, Rand McNally
517. Scherer, F. M. 1980. Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance, 2nd edition, Chicago, Rand McNalry
518. Scherer, F. M. 1982A. Inter-industry technology flows in the US, Research Policy, vol. 11, no. 4, 227-45
519. Scherer, F. M. 1982B. Demand pull and technological innovation revisited, Journal of Industrial Economics, vol. 30, 215-18
520. Schercr, F. M. 1983. The propensity to patent, International Journal of Industrial organisation, vol. 1, 107-28
521. Scherer, F. M. 1986. Innovation and Growth. Schumpeterian Perspectives, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press
522. Scherer, F. M. 1992. International High Technology Competition, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press
523. Scherer, F. M. and Perlman, M. (eds) 1992. Entrepreneurship, Technological Innovation and Economic Growth: Studies in the Schumpeterian Tradition, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press
524. Schmookler, J. 1966. Invention and Economic Growth, Cambridge, Harvard University Press
525. Scholz, L. 1992. Innovation surveys and the changing structure of investment in different industries in Germany, STI Review, vol. 11, 97-117
526. Schon, D. A. 1973. Product champions for radical new innovations, Harvard Business Review, vol. 51, March-April
527. Schonberger, R. 1982. Japanese Mantffacturmg Techniques: Nine Hidden Lessons in Simplicity, New York, Free Press
528. Schumpeter, J. A. 1928. The instability of capitalism, Economic Journal vol. 38, 361-86
529. Schumpeter, J. A. 1934. The Theory of Economic Development, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press (English translation from 1912 German edition, Leipzig)
530. Schumpeter, J. A. 1939. Business Cycles: A Theoretical, Historical and Statistical Analysis of, the Capitalist Process, 2 vols, New York, McGraw-Hill
531. Schumpeter, J. A. 1942. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, New York, McGraw-Hill
532. Sciberras, E. 1977. Multinational Electronic Companies and National Economic Policies, Greenwich, CT, JAI Press
533. Scott, A. J. 1991. The aerospace-electronics industrial complex of Southern California: the formative years 1940-1960, Research Policy, vol. 20, no. 5, 439-56
534. Senker, J. 1993. ‘The Role of Tacit Knowledge in Innovation’, Brighton, University of Sussex, SPRU, mimeo
535. Senker, P. J., Swords-Isherwood, N., Brady, T. M. and Huggett, C. M. 1985. ‘Maintenance Skills in the Engineering Industry: The Influence of Technological
536. Change’, ETTB Occasional Paper 8, revised second edition
537. Sharp, M. 1985. ‘The New Biotechnology: Governments in Search of a Strategy’, Brighton, University of Sussex, Sussex European Paper 15
538. Sharp, M. 1991. Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology: perspectives for the European industry, in Freeman, C, Sharp, M. and Walker, W. (eds) Technology and the Future of Europe, London, Pinter
539. Sharp, M., and Holmes, P., (eds) 1988. Strategies for New Technologies, London, Philip Allan Shionoya, Y. 1986. The science and ideology of Schumpeter, Revista Internazionale di Science Economiche e Commerciale, vol. 33, no. 8, 729-62
540. Silverberg, G. 1984. Embodied technical progress in a dynamic economic model: the self-organisation paradigm, in Goodwin, R. M., Krūger, M. and Vercelli, A. (eds) Nonlinear Models of Fluctuating Growth, Berlin Springer-Verlag
541. Silverberg, G. 1987. ‘Technical Progress, Capital Accumulation and Effective Demand: A Self-organisation Model’, paper presented at the Fifth International Conference on Mathematical Modelling, Berkeley, June 1985, reprinted in Batten, D., Casti, J. and Johansson, B. (eds)Economic Evolution and Structural Adjustment, Berlin, Springer-Verlag
542. Silverberg, G. 1988. Modelling economic dynamics and technical change, in Dosi, G. et al. (eds) (1988)
543. Silverberg, G. 1990. Adoption and diffusion of technology as a collective evolutionary process, in Freeman, C. and Soete, L. (eds) (1990)
544. Silverberg, G., Dosi, G. and Orsenigo, L. 1988. Innovation, diversity and diffusion: a self organising model, Economic Journal, vol. 98, no. 393, 1032-55
545. Silverberg, G. and Lehnert, D. 1992. ‘Long Waves and Evolutionary Change in a Simple Schumpeterian Model of Technical Change’, paper at MERIT Conference, Maastricht, December
546. Simon, H. A. 1955. A behavioural model of rational choice, Econometrics, vol. 19, 99-118
547. Simon, H. A. 1959. Theories of derision-making in economics and behavioural science, American Economic Review, vol. 49, June, 253-83
548. Simon, H. A. 1978. Rationality as process and as product of thought, American Economic Review. vol. 68, May, 1-16
549. Simon, H. A. 1979. Rational decision-making in business organisations, American Economic Review, vol. 69, no. 4 493-513
550. Simon, H. A., Egidi, M., Marris, R. and Viale, R. 1992. Economics, Bounded Rationality and the Cognitive Revolution, Aldershot, Edward Elgar
551. Sirilli G. 1987. Patents and inventors: an empirical study, Research Policy, vol. 16, nos. 2-4, 157-74
552. Slaughter, S. 1993. Innovation and learning during implementation: a comparison of user and manufacturer innovation, Research Policy, vol. 22, no. 1, 81-97
553. Smith, A. 1910. (1776) Wealth of Nations, London, Dent
554. Smith, H. L., Dickson, K. and Smith, S. L. 1991. ‘There are two sides to every story": innovation and collaboration within networks of large and small firms, Research Policy, vol. 20, no. 5, 457-68
555. Smith, K. 1991. Innovation policy in an evolutionary context, in Saviotti, P. P. and Metcalfe, J. S. (eds) (1991)
556. Smith, K. and Vidrei, T. 1992. Innovation activity and innovation outputs in Norwegian industry, STI Review, vol. 11, 11-35
557. Smith, S. 1991. A computer simulation of economic growth and technical progress in a multi-sectoral economy, in Saviotti, P. P. and Metcalfe, J. S. (eds) (1991)
558. Soete, L. 1979. Firm size and innovative activity: the evidence reconsidered, European Economic Review, vol. 12, no.4, 319-40
559. Soete, L. 1981. A general test of the technological gap trade theory, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, vol. 117, no. 4, 638-60
560. Soete, L. 1987. The impact of technological innovation on international trade patterns: the evidence reconsidered, Research Policy, vol. 16, nos. 2-4, 101-30
561. Soete, L. 1991. (rapporteur), Synthesis Report, TEP, Technology in a Changing World, Paris, OECD
562. Soete, L. and Wyatt, S. 1983. The use of foreign patenting as an internationally comparable science and technology output indicator, Scientometrics, vol. 5, no. 1, 31-54
563. Soete, L. and Verspagen, B. 1993. Technology and growth: the complex dynamics of catching up in Szimac, A. et al. (eds) Explaining Economic Growth, Amsterdam, Elsevier
564. Soete, L., Verspagen, B., Pavitt, K. and Patel, P. 1989. ‘Recent Comparative Trends in Technology Indicators in the OECD Area’, Conference on Science, Technology and Growth, Paris, 5-8 June
565. Sorge, A. 1993. Introduction to Part IV, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
566. Sorge, A., Campbell, A. and Warner, M. 1990. Technological change, product strategies and human resources: defining Anglo-German differences, Journal of General Management, vol. 15, no. 3, 39-54
567. Steele, I. 1991. Managing Technology: A Strategic View, New York, McGraw-Hill
568. Sternberg, E. 1992. Photonic Technology and Industrial Policy. New York, State University of New York Press
569. Stiglitz, J. 1987. Learning to learn: localised learning and technological progress, in Dasgupta, P. and Stoneman, P. (eds) (1987)
570. Stobaugh, R. 1988. Innovation and Competition: The Global Management of Petrochemical Products, Boston MA, Harvard Business School Press
571. Stoneman, P. 1976. Technological Diffusion and the Computer Revolution, Oxford, Clarendon Press
572. Stoneman, P. 1983. The Economic Analysis of Technological Change, Oxford, Oxford University Press
573. Stoneman, P. 1987. The Economic Analysis of Technology Policy, Oxford, Oxford University Press
574. Stoneman, P. (ed.) 1994. Handbook on the Economics of Innovation and Technical Change, Oxford, Blackwell, in press
575. Storper, M. and Harrison, B. 1991. Flexibility, hierarchy and regional development: the changing structure of industrial production systems and theirforms of governance in the 1990s, Research Policy, vol. 20, no. 5, 407-422
576. Surrey, A. J. 1973. The future growth of nuclear power. Part 1: demand and supply, Energy Policy, vol. l, no. 1. 107-29
577. Surrey, A. J. 1973. The future growth of nuclear power. Part II: choices and obstacles, Energy Policy, vol. 1, no. 2, 298-24
578. Surrey, J. 1992. Technical change and productivity growth in the British coal industry 1974-1990, Technovation, vol. 12, no. 1, 15-37
579. Surrey, J. and Thomas, S. 1980. World-wide nuclear plant programmes: lessons for technology policy, Futures, vol. 12, no. 1, 3-18
580. Svedberg, R. 1991. Joseph A Schumpeter: His Life and Work, Oxford, Polity Press
581. Swann, P. L. (ed.) 1992. New Technology and the Firm, London, Routledge Sylos Labini, P. 1962. Oligopoly and Technical Progress, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press
582. Takeuchi, H. and Nonaka, I. 1986. The new product development game, Harvard Business Review, January/February, 285-305
583. Tanaka, M. 1991. Government policy and biotechnology in Japan, in Wilks, S. and Wright, M. (eds) The Promotion and Regulation of Industry in Japan, London, Macmillan
584. Taylor, C. T. and Silberston, Z. A. 1973. The Economic Input of the Patent System, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
585. Teece, D. J. 1982A. Toward an economic theory of the multiproduct firms, Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organisation, vol. 3, no. 1, 39-63
586. Teece, D. J. 1986. Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy, Research Policy, vol. 15, no. 6, 285-305
587. Teece, D. J. 1987. Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy, in Teece, D. J. (ed.) The Competitive Challenge: Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal, Cambridge, MA, Ballinger
588. Teece, D. J. 1988. The nature and the structure of firms, in Dosi, G. et al. (eds) (1988)
589. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., and Shuen, A., 1990. ‘Firm Capabilities, Resources and the Concept of Strategy,’ CCC Working Paper 90-8, Berkeley, Center for Research in Management
590. Teubal, M. 1987. Innovation, Performance, Learning and Government Policy: Selected Essays, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press
591. Teubal, M., Yinnon, T and Zuscovitch, E. 1991. Networks and market creation, Research Policy, vol. 20, no. 5, 381-92
592. Thomas, G. and Miles, I. 1989. Telematics in Transition: The Development of New Interactive Services in the UK, Harlow, Longman
593. Thomas, S. D. 1988. The Realities of Nuclear Power: International Economic and Regulatory Experience, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
594. Thwaites, A. T. 1978. Technological change, mobile plants and regional development, Regional Studies, vol. 12, 455-61
595. Thwaites, A. T. and Oakey, R. P. (eds) 1985. The Regional Impact of Technological Change, London, Frances Pinter
596. Tidd, J. 1991. Flexible Manufacturing Technology and International Competitiveness, London, Pinter
597. Tilton, J. 1971. International Diffusion of Technology: The Case of Semi-conductors, Washington, DC, Brookings Institution
598. Tisdell, C. 1981. Science and Technology Policy: Priorities of Governments, London, Chapman and Hall
599. Townsend, J. 1976. ‘Innovation in Coal-mining Machinery’, SPRU Occasional Paper no. 3, Brighton, University of Sussex
600. UNESCO 1969. The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities, Paris
601. Utterback, J. M. 1979. The dynamics of product and process innovation in industry, in Hill C. and Utterback, J. M. (eds) (1979)
602. Utterback, J. M. 1993. Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation, Boston, MA, Harvard Business School Press
603. Utterback, J. M. and Abernathy, W. J. 1975. A dynamic model of product and process innovation, Omega, vol. 3, no. 6, 639-56
604. Utterback, J. M. and Suarez, F. F. 1993. Innovation, competition and industry structure, Research Policy, vol. 22, no. 1, 1-23
605. Van de Ven, A. H., Angle, H. L. and Poole, M. S. 1989. Research on the Management of Innovation, New York, Harper and Row
606. Van Vianen, B. G., Moed, H. F. and Van Raan, A. J. F. 1990. An exploration of the science base of recent technology, Research Policy, vol. 19, no. 1, 61-81
607. Vemon, R. 1966. International investment and international trade in the product cycle, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 80, 190-207
608. Verspagen, B. 1992. Endogenous innovation in neo-classical growth models: a survey, Journal of Macro-Economics, vol. 14, no. 4, 631-k62
609. Verspagen, B. 1992. ‘Uneven Growth between Interdependent Economies: An Evolutionary View on Technology Gaps, Trade and Growth’, University of Limburg, Dissertation 92-10
610. Verspagen, B. and Kleinknecht, A. 1990. Demand and innovation: Schmookler reexamined, Research Policy, vol. 19. 387-394
611. Villaschi, A. F. 1993. ‘The Brazilian National System of Innovation: Opportunities and constraints for Transforming Technological Dependency’, DPhil thesis, University of London
612. von Hippel, E. 1978. A customer-active paradigm for industrial product idea generation, Research Policy, vol. 7, 240-266
613. von Hippel, E. 1980. The user’s role in industrial innovation, in Burton, D. and Goldhar, J. (eds) Management of Research and Innovation, Amsterdam, North-Holland
614. von Hippel, E. 1982. Appropriability of innovation benefit as a predictor of the source ofinnovation, Research Policy, vol. 11, no. 2, 95-115
615. von Hippel, E. 1987. Cooperation between rivals: informal know-how trading, Research Policy, vol. 16, no. 5, 291-302
616. von Hippel, E. 1988. The Sources of Innovation, Oxford, Oxford University Press
617. von Tunzelmann, G. N. 1989. Market forces and the evolution of supply in the British telecommunications and electricity supply industries, in Silberston, A. (ed.) Technology and Economic Progress, London, Macmillan
618. Walker, W. B. 1979, Industrial Innovation and International Trading Performance, Connecticut, JAI Press
619. Walker, W. B. 1993. From leader to follower Britain’s dwindling technological aspirations, in Nelson, R. R. (ed.) (1993)
620. Walker, W. B. and Lönnroth, M. 1983A. Nuclear Power Struggles: Industrial Competition and Proliferation Control, London, Allen and Unwin
621. Walker, W. B. and Lönnroth, M. 1983B. The viability of the civil nuclear industry, in Somat, J. (ed.) World Nuclear Energy, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins
622. Walsh, V. 1984. Invention and innovation in the chemical industry: demand pull or discovery push, Research Policy, vol. 13, 211-34
623. Watanabe, S. 1993. Work organisation, technical progress and culture, in Foray, D. and Freeman, C. (eds) (1993)
624. Weidlich, W. and Braun, M. 1992. The master equation approach to non-linear economics, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, vol. 2, no. 3, 233-67
625. Whiston, T. 1989, 1990. Managerial and organisational integration needs arising out of technical change and UK commercial structures, Technovation, vol. 9, no. 6, vol. 10, nos. 1, 2, 3, 47-58, 95-118, 143-61, respectively
626. ’, Occasional Paper, Brighton: Centre for Business Research
627. Williamson, O. E. 1975. Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications. A Study in the Economics of Internal Organization, New York, Free Press
628. Williamson, O. E. 1985. The Economic Institutions of Capitalism, New York, Free Press
629. Winter S. G. 1964. Economic natural selection and the theory of the firm, Yale Economic Essays, vol. 4, 225-72
630. Winter, S. G. 1971. Satisficing, selection and the innovating remnant, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 85, no. 2, 237-61
631. Winter, S. G. 1986A. Comments on Arrow and Lucas, Journal of Economics, vol. 54, 427-34
632. Winter, S. G. 1986B. Schumpeterian competition in alternative technological regimes, in Day, R. and Eliasson, G. (eds) The Dynamics of Market Economies, Amsterdam, North-Holland
633. Winter, S. G. 1987. Knowledge and competence as strategic assets, in Teece, D. J. (ed.) The Competitive Challenge: Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal, Cambridge, MA, Ballinger
634. Winter, S. G. 1988. On Coase, competence and the corporation, Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, vol. 4, no. 1, 163-80
635. Winter, S. G. 1989. Patents in complex contexts: incentives and effectiveness, in Weill, K., Snapper, R. (1989) Owning Scientific and Technical Information
636. Winter, S. G. 1993. Patents and welfare in an evolutionary model, Industrial and Corporate Change, vol. 2, no. 2, 211-232
637. de Wit, G. R. 1990. The character of technological change and employment in banking, in Freeman, C. and Soete, L. (eds) (1990)
638. Witt, U. (ed.) 1993. Evolutionary Economics, International library of Critical Writings in Economics, Aldershot, Edward Elgar
639. Womack, J., Jones, D. and Roos, D. 1990. The Machine that Changed the World, New York, Rawson Associates (Macmillan)
640. World Bank 1991. World Development Report, 1991, New York, Oxford University Press
641. Wortmann, M. 1990. Multinational and the internationalisation of R&D: new development in German companies, Research Policy, vol. 19, 175-183
642. Zuscovitch, E. 1984. ‘Une approche meso-économique du progrès technique: Diffusion de I’innovation et apprentissage industriel’, PhD thesis, Strasbourg, Université Louis Pasteur