Was the bank holiday of 1933 caused by a run on the dollar?

The Journal of Economic History

Volumn 47, Issue 3, 1987, Pages 739-755

  Wigmore, Barrie A ^a  

^a NONE   (United States)

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EID: 84959594675     PISSN: 00220507     EISSN: 14716372     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0022050700049081     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Twentieth Annual Report of the Federal Reserve Board Covering Operations for the Year 1933 (Washington, D.C., 1934), p. 8
2. Milton Friedman and Anna J. Schwartz, Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960(Princeton, 1963), p. 332.
3. Susan Estabrook Kennedy, The Banking Crisis of 1933 (Louisville, 1973), p. 224.
4. Elmus R. Wicker, Federal Reserve Monetary Policy, 1917-1933 (New York, 1966), pp. 194–95.
5. Charles P. Kindleberger, The World in Depression, 1929-1939 (Berkeley, 1973), pp. 197–98.
6. Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Age of Roosevelt, The Crisis of the Old Order(Boston, 1957), pp. 474–75.
7. Frank Friedel, Franklin D. Roosevelt Launching the New Deal (Boston, 1973), p. 175.
8. Columbia University Library, Oral History Archives, “Reminiscences of James P. Warburg,” pp. 63-64.
9. Columbia University Library, Oral History Archives, “Reminiscences of Walter Wyatt,” p. 3.
10. Friedman and Schwartz, Monetary History of the United States, p. 331.
11. Kennedy, The Banking Crisis of 1933, pp. 144–45.
12. Wall Street Journal, Mar. 1, 1933, p. 5
13. Wall Street Journal, Mar. 2, 1933, p. 1
14. Wall Street Journal, Mar. 3, 1933, p. 5
15. Wall Street Journal, Mar. 4, 1933, pp. 1, 5.
16. George L. Harrison Papers, Columbia University Library, Binder 50, vol. 3, pp. 93–102.
17. The Commercial & Financial Chronicle, Feb. 4, 1933, pp. 725–26.
18. The Commercial & Financial Chronicle, Jan. 28, 1933, p. 531.
19. Lawrence Sullivan, Prelude to Panic The Story of the Bank Holiday (Washington, D.C., 1936), p. 68.
20. Schlesinger, The Crisis of the Old Order, p. 453.
21. Friedel, Franklin D. Roosevelt, pp. 184–85.
22. Wall Street Journal, Mar. 2, 1933, p. 1.
23. Financial Times, Mar. 1, 1933, p. 8
24. Financial Times, Mar. 2, 1933, p. 4.
25. Sullivan, Prelude to Panic, p. 46.
26. New York Herald Tribune, May 5, 1958, p. 18.
27. Columbia University Library, Oral History Archives, “Reminiscences of Walter Wyatt,” pp. 3–4.
28. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Banking and Monetary Statistics(Washington, D.C., 1943), p. 575.
29. Harrison Papers, Binder 50, vol. 3, memo Mar. 3, 1933, Board of Directors Meeting, p. 100.
30. Herbert H. Lehman Papers, Special Subject Files, Bank Holiday of 1933.
31. Joseph A. Broderick, memo of Dec. 1935, pp. 15–16.
32. Federal Reserve Annual Report 1933, p. 23
33. Federal Reserve Bulletin, Sept. 1937, pp. 909–10.
34. Friedman and Schwartz, Monetary History of the United States, p. 11.
35. Kennedy, The Banking Crisis of 1933, p. 230.
36. Charles A. Beard and George H. A. Smith, The Old Deal and The New (New York, 1941), pp. 78–81.
37. Paul Studenski and Herman E. Krooss, Financial History of the United States (2nd edn., New York, 1963), p. 384.
38. Raymond Moley, The First New Deal (New York, 1966), p. 155.
39. E. A. Goldenweiser, American Monetary Policy (New York, 1951), pp. 169–70.
40. Federal Reserve Annual Report 1933, p. 28.
41. E. A. Goldenweiser : “This measure protects the savers of the country from uneasiness about the validity of their deposits and no doubt is sufficient to prevent bank failures caused by withdrawals of savings or other small or medium-sized deposits.” Goldenweiser, American Monetary Policy, p. 172.
42. Harrison Papers, Binder 50, vol. 3, pp. 107–9, 124, 126.
43. Report of The Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Fourth Quarter, 1933, pp. 23, 32.
44. Barrie A. Wigmore, The Crash and Its Aftermath A History of Securities Markets in the United States, 1929-1933 (Westport, 1985), pp. 456, 503–4.