메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue , 2011, Pages

Visual representation determines search difficulty: Explaining visual search asymmetries

Author keywords

Asymmetry; Attention; Attentional bias; Natural image statistics; Novelty; Visual representation; Visual search

Indexed keywords

NEUROLOGY;

EID: 84959566032     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16625188     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2011.00033     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (8)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 0000818877 scopus 로고
    • Understanding retinal color coding from first principles
    • Atick, J. J., Li, Z., and Redlich, A. N. (1992). Understanding retinal color coding from first principles. Neural Comput. 4, 559-572.
    • (1992) Neural Comput , vol.4 , pp. 559-572
    • Atick, J.J.1    Li, Z.2    Redlich, A.N.3
  • 2
    • 0027404378 scopus 로고
    • What does post-adaptation color appearance reveal about cortical color representation?
    • Atick, J., Li, Z., and Redlich, A. (1993). What does post-adaptation color appearance reveal about cortical color representation? Vis. Res. 33, 123-129.
    • (1993) Vis. Res , vol.33 , pp. 123-129
    • Atick, J.1    Li, Z.2    Redlich, A.3
  • 3
    • 84864039864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saliency based on information maximization. Adv. Neural Inf
    • Bruce, N. D. B., and Tsotsos, J. K. (2006). Saliency based on information maximization. Adv. Neural Inf. Process Syst. 18, 155-162.
    • (2006) Process Syst , vol.18 , pp. 155-162
    • Bruce, N.D.B.1    Tsotsos, J.K.2
  • 4
    • 62649143331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saliency, attention, and visual search: An information theoretic approach
    • Bruce, N. D. B., and Tsotsos, J. K. (2009). Saliency, attention, and visual search: an information theoretic approach. J. Vis. 9, 1-24.
    • (2009) J. Vis , vol.9 , pp. 1-24
    • Bruce, N.D.B.1    Tsotsos, J.K.2
  • 5
    • 0013966804 scopus 로고
    • The effect of orientation on the visual resolution of gratings
    • Campbell, F., Kulikowski, J. J., and Levinson, J. (1966). The effect of orientation on the visual resolution of gratings. J. Physiol. 187, 437-445.
    • (1966) J. Physiol , vol.187 , pp. 437-445
    • Campbell, F.1    Kulikowski, J.J.2    Levinson, J.3
  • 6
    • 0032478166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overrepresentation of horizontal and vertical orientation preferences in developing ferret area 17
    • Chapman, B., and Bonhoeffer, T. (1998). Overrepresentation of horizontal and vertical orientation preferences in developing ferret area 17. Neurobiology 95, 2609-2614.
    • (1998) Neurobiology , vol.95 , pp. 2609-2614
    • Chapman, B.1    Bonhoeffer, T.2
  • 7
    • 0034743271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reference frame for rapid visual processing of line orientation. Spat
    • Doherty, L. M., and Foster, D. H. (2001). Reference frame for rapid visual processing of line orientation. Spat. Vis. 14, 121-137.
    • (2001) Vis , vol.14 , pp. 121-137
    • Doherty, L.M.1    Foster, D.H.2
  • 8
    • 36149033846 scopus 로고
    • Statistics of natural time-varying images
    • Dong, D. W., and Atick, J. J. (1995). Statistics of natural time-varying images. Network 6, 345-358.
    • (1995) Network , vol.6 , pp. 345-358
    • Dong, D.W.1    Atick, J.J.2
  • 9
    • 58849084206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An anisotropy of orientation-tuned suppression that matches the anisotropy of typical natural scenes
    • Essock, E. A., Haun, A. M., and Kim, Y. J. (2009). An anisotropy of orientation-tuned suppression that matches the anisotropy of typical natural scenes. J. Vis. 9, 1-15.
    • (2009) J. Vis , vol.9 , pp. 1-15
    • Essock, E.A.1    Haun, A.M.2    Kim, Y.J.3
  • 10
    • 0023492118 scopus 로고
    • Relations between the statistics of natural images and the response profiles of cortical cells
    • Field, D. J. (1987). Relations between the statistics of natural images and the response profiles of cortical cells. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 4, 2379-2394.
    • (1987) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A , vol.4 , pp. 2379-2394
    • Field, D.J.1
  • 11
    • 0026071780 scopus 로고
    • Asymmetries in oriented-line detection indicate two orthogonal filters in early vision
    • Foster, D. H., and Ward, P. A. (1991). Asymmetries in oriented-line detection indicate two orthogonal filters in early vision. Proc. Biol. Sci. 243, 75-81.
    • (1991) Proc. Biol. Sci , vol.243 , pp. 75-81
    • Foster, D.H.1    Ward, P.A.2
  • 12
    • 0016294194 scopus 로고
    • A curious effect with reversed letters explained by a theory of schema. Percept
    • Frith, U. (1974). A curious effect with reversed letters explained by a theory of schema. Percept. Psychophys. 16, 113-116.
    • (1974) Psychophys , vol.16 , pp. 113-116
    • Frith, U.1
  • 13
    • 45249100930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the plausibility of the discriminant center-surround hypothesis for visual saliency
    • Gao, D., Mahadevan, V., and Vasconcelos, N. (2008). On the plausibility of the discriminant center-surround hypothesis for visual saliency. J. Vis. 8, 1-18.
    • (2008) J. Vis , vol.8 , pp. 1-18
    • Gao, D.1    Mahadevan, V.2    Vasconcelos, N.3
  • 14
    • 24644491160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A horizontal bias in human visual processing of orientation and its correspondence to the structural components of natural scenes
    • Hansen, B. C., and Essock, E. A. (2004). A horizontal bias in human visual processing of orientation and its correspondence to the structural components of natural scenes. J. Vis. 4, 1044-1060.
    • (2004) J. Vis , vol.4 , pp. 1044-1060
    • Hansen, B.C.1    Essock, E.A.2
  • 15
    • 0028398299 scopus 로고
    • Novel popout with nonsense strings: Effects of predictability of string length and spatial location
    • Hawley, K. J., Johnston, W. A., and Farnham, J. (1994). Novel popout with nonsense strings: effects of predictability of string length and spatial location. Percept. Psychophys. 55, 261-268.
    • (1994) Percept. Psychophys , vol.55 , pp. 261-268
    • Hawley, K.J.1    Johnston, W.A.2    Farnham, J.3
  • 16
    • 0034920427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-layer sparse coding model learns simple and complex cell receptive fields and topography from natural images
    • Hyvärinen, A., and Hoyer, P. O. (2001). A two-layer sparse coding model learns simple and complex cell receptive fields and topography from natural images. Vision Res. 41, 2413-2423.
    • (2001) Vision Res , vol.41 , pp. 2413-2423
    • Hyvärinen, A.1    Hoyer, P.O.2
  • 17
    • 0032204063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of saliency-based visual attention for rapid scene analysis
    • Itti, L., Koch, C., and Niebur, E. (1998). A model of saliency-based visual attention for rapid scene analysis. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 20, 1254-1259.
    • (1998) IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell , vol.20 , pp. 1254-1259
    • Itti, L.1    Koch, C.2    Niebur, E.3
  • 18
    • 0034003645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A saliencybased search mechanism for overt and covert shifts of visual attention
    • Itti, L., and Koch, C. (2000). A saliencybased search mechanism for overt and covert shifts of visual attention. Vision Res. 40, 1489-1506.
    • (2000) Vision Res , vol.40 , pp. 1489-1506
    • Itti, L.1    Koch, C.2
  • 19
    • 0022388528 scopus 로고
    • Shifts in selective visual attention: Towards the underlying neural circuitry. Hum
    • Koch, C., and Ullman, S. (1985). Shifts in selective visual attention: towards the underlying neural circuitry. Hum. Neurobiol. 4, 219-227.
    • (1985) Neurobiol , vol.4 , pp. 219-227
    • Koch, C.1    Ullman, S.2
  • 20
    • 0032203257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition
    • LeCun, Y., Bottou, L., Bengio, Y., and Haffner, P. (1998). Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition. Proc. IEEE 86, 2278-2324.
    • (1998) Proc. IEEE , vol.86 , pp. 2278-2324
    • Lecun, Y.1    Bottou, L.2    Bengio, Y.3    Haffner, P.4
  • 21
    • 0033556834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent component analysis using an extended infomax alorithm for mixed subgaussian and supergaussian sources
    • Lee, T., Girolami, M., and Sejnowski, T. (1999). Independent component analysis using an extended infomax alorithm for mixed subgaussian and supergaussian sources. Neural Comput. 11, 417-441.
    • (1999) Neural Comput , vol.11 , pp. 417-441
    • Lee, T.1    Girolami, M.2    Sejnowski, T.3
  • 22
    • 0030585223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theory of the visual motion coding in the primary visual cortex
    • Li, Z. (1996). A theory of the visual motion coding in the primary visual cortex. Neural Comput. 8, 705-730.
    • (1996) Neural Comput , vol.8 , pp. 705-730
    • Li, Z.1
  • 23
    • 0033621055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contextual influences in v1 as a basis for pop out and asymmetry in visual search
    • Li, Z. (1999). Contextual influences in v1 as a basis for pop out and asymmetry in visual search. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 10530-10535.
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.96 , pp. 10530-10535
    • Li, Z.1
  • 24
    • 33645835164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectral statistics in natural scenes predict hue, saturation, and brightness
    • Long, F., Yang, Z., and Purves, D. (2006). Spectral statistics in natural scenes predict hue, saturation, and brightness. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 6013-6018.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.103 , pp. 6013-6018
    • Long, F.1    Yang, Z.2    Purves, D.3
  • 25
    • 57449092926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computational approaches to spatial orientation: From transfer functions to dynamic bayesian inference
    • MacNeilage, P. R., Ganesan, N., and Angelaki, D. E. (2008). Computational approaches to spatial orientation: from transfer functions to dynamic bayesian inference. J. Neurophysiol. 100, 2981-2996.
    • (2008) J. Neurophysiol , vol.100 , pp. 2981-2996
    • Macneilage, P.R.1    Ganesan, N.2    Angelaki, D.E.3
  • 26
    • 0035316959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of familiarity on visual-search performance: Evidence for learned basic features
    • Malinowski, P., and Hübner, R. (2001). The effect of familiarity on visual-search performance: evidence for learned basic features. Percept. Psychophys. 63, 458-463.
    • (2001) Percept. Psychophys , vol.63 , pp. 458-463
    • Malinowski, P.1    Hübner, R.2
  • 28
    • 0346703034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nature and dynamics of reference frames in visual search for orientation: Implications for early visual processing
    • Marendaz, C. (1998). Nature and dynamics of reference frames in visual search for orientation: implications for early visual processing. Psychol. Sci. 9, 27-32.
    • (1998) Psychol. Sci , vol.9 , pp. 27-32
    • Marendaz, C.1
  • 29
    • 77950351986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of surrounding frame on visual search for vertical or tilted bars
    • May, K., and Zhaoping, L. (2009). Effects of surrounding frame on visual search for vertical or tilted bars. J. Vis. 9, 1-19
    • (2009) J. Vis , vol.9 , pp. 1-19
    • May, K.1    Zhaoping, L.2
  • 30
    • 0014054116 scopus 로고
    • Effect of orientation on the modulation sensitivity for interference fringes on the retina
    • Mitchell, D. E., Freeman, R. D., and Westheimer, G. (1967). Effect of orientation on the modulation sensitivity for interference fringes on the retina. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57, 246-249.
    • (1967) J. Opt. Soc. Am , vol.57 , pp. 246-249
    • Mitchell, D.E.1    Freeman, R.D.2    Westheimer, G.3
  • 31
    • 0029938380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images
    • Olshausen, B., and Field, D. (1996). Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images. Nature 381, 607-609.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 607-609
    • Olshausen, B.1    Field, D.2
  • 33
    • 0018258756 scopus 로고
    • The effect of background familiarity in visual search: An analysis of underlying factors
    • Richards, J., and Reicher, G. M. (1978). The effect of background familiarity in visual search: an analysis of underlying factors. Percept. Psychophys. 23, 499-505.
    • (1978) Percept. Psychophys , vol.23 , pp. 499-505
    • Richards, J.1    Reicher, G.M.2
  • 34
    • 0035321769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Search asymmetries? What search asymmetries?
    • Rosenholtz, R. (2001). Search asymmetries? What search asymmetries? Percept. Psychophys. 63, 476-489
    • (2001) Percept. Psychophys , vol.63 , pp. 476-489
    • Rosenholtz, R.1
  • 35
    • 0024026690 scopus 로고
    • The combination of spatial frequency and orientation is effortlessly perceived
    • Sagi, D. (1988). The combination of spatial frequency and orientation is effortlessly perceived. Percept. Psychophys. 43, 601-603.
    • (1988) Percept. Psychophys. , vol.43 , pp. 601-603
    • Sagi, D.1
  • 36
    • 0035319216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual search asymmetry: The influence of stimulus familiarity and lowlevel features
    • Shen, J., and Reingold, E. M. (2001). Visual search asymmetry: the influence of stimulus familiarity and lowlevel features. Percept. Psychophys. 63, 464-475.
    • (2001) Percept. Psychophys , vol.63 , pp. 464-475
    • Shen, J.1    Reingold, E.M.2
  • 37
    • 0033868557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Color opponent receptive fields derived from independent component analysis of natural images
    • Tailor, D., Finkel, L., and Buchsbaum, G. (2000). Color opponent receptive fields derived from independent component analysis of natural images. Vision Res. 40, 2671-2676.
    • (2000) Vision Res , vol.40 , pp. 2671-2676
    • Tailor, D.1    Finkel, L.2    Buchsbaum, G.3
  • 38
    • 33750341577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contextual guidance of attention in natural scenes: The role of global features on object search
    • Torralba, A., Oliva, A., Castelhano, M., and Henderson, J. M. (2006). Contextual guidance of attention in natural scenes: the role of global features on object search. Psychol. Rev. 113, 766-786.
    • (2006) Psychol. Rev. , vol.113 , pp. 766-786
    • Torralba, A.1    Oliva, A.2    Castelhano, M.3    Henderson, J.M.4
  • 39
    • 0023716924 scopus 로고
    • Feature analysis in early vision: Evidence from search asymmetries
    • Treisman, A., and Gormican, S. (1988). Feature analysis in early vision: evidence from search asymmetries. Psychol. Rev. 95, 15-48.
    • (1988) Psychol. Rev , vol.95 , pp. 15-48
    • Treisman, A.1    Gormican, S.2
  • 40
    • 0032492432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent component filters of natural images compared with simple cells in the primary visual cortex
    • van Hateren, J., and van der Schaaf, A. (1998). Independent component filters of natural images compared with simple cells in the primary visual cortex. Proc. Biol. Sci. 265, 359-366.
    • (1998) Proc. Biol. Sci , vol.265 , pp. 359-366
    • Van Hateren, J.1    Van Der Schaaf, A.2
  • 42
    • 0028539037 scopus 로고
    • Familiarity and pop-out in visual search
    • Wang, Q., Cavanagh, P., and Green, M. (1994). Familiarity and pop-out in visual search. Percept. Psychophys. 56, 495-500.
    • (1994) Percept. Psychophys , vol.56 , pp. 495-500
    • Wang, Q.1    Cavanagh, P.2    Green, M.3
  • 43
    • 0347669501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What can 1,000,000 trials tell us about visual search?
    • Wolfe, J. (1998). What can 1,000,000 trials tell us about visual search? Psychol. Sci. 9, 33-39.
    • (1998) Psychol. Sci , vol.9 , pp. 33-39
    • Wolfe, J.1
  • 44
    • 0035317267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetries in visual search: An introduction
    • Wolfe, J. (2001). Asymmetries in visual search: an introduction. Percept. Psychophys. 63, 381-389.
    • (2001) Percept. Psychophys , vol.63 , pp. 381-389
    • Wolfe, J.1
  • 46
    • 2642558848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What attributes guide the deployment of visual attention and how do they do it?
    • Wolfe, J., and Horowitz, T. (2004). What attributes guide the deployment of visual attention and how do they do it? Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 5, 1-7.
    • (2004) Nat. Rev. Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 1-7
    • Wolfe, J.1    Horowitz, T.2
  • 47
    • 33847625904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guided search 4.0: Current progress with a model of visual search
    • W. Gray (New York, NY: Oxford)
    • Wolfe, J. M. (2007). “Guided search 4.0: current progress with a model of visual search,” in Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems, ed. W. Gray (New York, NY: Oxford), 99-119.
    • (2007) Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems , pp. 99-119
    • Wolfe, J.M.1
  • 48
    • 0024712254 scopus 로고
    • Guided search: An alternative to the feature integration model for visual search
    • Wolfe, J. M., Cave, K. R., and Franzel, S. L. (1989). Guided search: an alternative to the feature integration model for visual search. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 15, 419-433.
    • (1989) J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform , vol.15 , pp. 419-433
    • Wolfe, J.M.1    Cave, K.R.2    Franzel, S.L.3
  • 49
    • 58149506125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sun: A bayesian framework for saliency using natural statistics
    • Zhang, L., Tong, M., Marks, T., Shan, H., and Cottrell, G. (2008). Sun: a bayesian framework for saliency using natural statistics. J. Vis. 8, 1-20.
    • (2008) J. Vis , vol.8 , pp. 1-20
    • Zhang, L.1    Tong, M.2    Marks, T.3    Shan, H.4    Cottrell, G.5
  • 50
    • 79961140106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clash of bottom-up and topdown processes in visual search: The reversed letter effect revisited
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Zhaoping, L., and Frith, U. (in press). A clash of bottom-up and topdown processes in visual search: the reversed letter effect revisited. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. doi: 10.1037/a0023099. [Epub ahead of print].
    • J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform
    • Zhaoping, L.1    Frith, U.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.