Rates and predictors of remission, recurrence and conversion to bipolar disorder after the first lifetime episode of depression-a prospective 5-year follow-up study

Psychological Medicine

Volumn 46, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 1151-1161

  Bukh, J D ^a   Andersen, P K ^a   Kessing, L V ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Conversion to bipolar disorder; course of illness; depression; recurrence; remission

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ANXIETY; BIPOLAR DISORDER; COMORBIDITY; COMPLICATION; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; KAPLAN MEIER METHOD; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OUTPATIENT; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; PSYCHOLOGY; RECURRENT DISEASE; REMISSION; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SUICIDAL IDEATION; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ANXIETY; BIPOLAR DISORDER; COMORBIDITY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; INPATIENTS; KAPLAN-MEIER ESTIMATE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OUTPATIENTS; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; RECURRENCE; REMISSION INDUCTION; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SUICIDAL IDEATION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84959510741     PISSN: 00332917     EISSN: 14698978     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291715002676     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Akiskal HS, Walker P, Puzantian VR, King D, Rosenthal TL, Dranon M (1983). Bipolar outcome in the course of depressive illness. Phenomenologic, familial, and pharmacologic predictors. Journal of Affective Disorders 5, 115-128.
2. Andreasen NC, Endicott J, Spitzer RL, Winokur G (1977). The family history method using diagnostic criteria. Reliability and validity. Archives of General Psychiatry 34, 1229-1235.
3. Angst J, Sellaro R, Stassen HH, Gamma A (2005). Diagnostic conversion from depression to bipolar disorders: results of a long-term prospective study of hospital admissions. Journal of Affective Disorders 84, 149-157.
4. Bech P, Kastrup M, Rafaelsen OJ (1986). Mini-compendium of rating scales for states of anxiety depression mania schizophrenia with corresponDing DSM-III syndromes. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum 326, 1-37.
5. Bukh JD (2009). First Episode Depression. Gender, Age-of-Onset, and Gene-Environment Interactions. PhD. Thesis, University of Copenhagen.
6. Bukh JD, Bock C, Vinberg M, Gether U, Kessing LV (2010). Gender differences among patients with a single depressive episode. Psychopathology 43, 159-169.
7. Bukh JD, Bock C, Vinberg M, Gether U, Kessing LV (2011). Differences between early and late onset adult depression. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health 7, 140-147.
8. Burcusa SL, Iacono WG (2007). Risk for recurrence in depression. Clinical Psychology Review 27, 959-985.
9. Cohen P, Cohen J (1984). The clinician's illusion. Archives of General Psychiatry 41, 1178-1182.
10. Coryell W, Endicott J, Maser JD, Keller MB, Leon AC, Akiskal HS (1995). Long-term stability of polarity distinctions in the affective disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry 152, 385-390.
11. Costello CG, Comrey AL (1967). Scales for measuring depression and anxiety. Journal of Psychology 66, 303-313.
12. EatonWW, Neufeld K, Chen LS, Cai G (2000). A comparison of self-report and clinical diagnostic interviews for depression: Diagnostic Interview Schedule and Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up. Archives of General Psychiatry 57, 217-222.
13. Eaton WW, Shao H, Nestadt G, Lee HB, Bienvenu OJ, ZanDi P (2008). Population-based study of first onset and chronicity in major depressive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 65, 513-520.
14. Fiedorowicz JG, Endicott J, Leon AC, Solomon DA, Keller MB, Coryell WH (2011). Subthreshold hypomanic symptoms in progression from unipolar major depression to bipolar disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 168, 40-48.
15. Gilman SE, Dupuy JM, Perlis RH (2012). Risks for the transition from major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 73, 829-836.
16. Goldberg JF, Harrow M, Whiteside JE (2001). Risk for bipolar illness in patients initially hospitalized for unipolar depression. American Journal of Psychiatry 158, 1265-1270.
17. Hardeveld F, Spijker J, de Graaf R, NolenWA, Beekman AT (2010). Prevalence and predictors of recurrence of major depressive disorder in the adult population. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 122, 184-191.
18. Hardeveld F, Spijker J, de Graaf R, NolenWA, Beekman AT (2013). Recurrence of major depressive disorder and its predictors in the general population: results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Psychological Medicine 43, 39-48.
19. Holma KM, Melartin TK, Holma IA, Isometsä ET (2008). Predictors for switch from unipolar major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder type I or II: a 5-year prospective study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 69, 1267-1275.
20. Judd LL, Paulus MJ, Schettler PJ, Akiskal HS, Endicott J, Leon AC, Maser JD, Mueller T, Solomon DA, Keller MB (2000). Does incomplete recovery from first lifetime major depressive episode herald a chronic course of illness? American Journal of Psychiatry 157, 1501-1504.
21. Kalbfleisch JD, Prentice RL (2002). The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data, 2nd edn. Wiley: New York.
22. Kanai T, Takeuchi H, Furukawa TA, Yoshimura R, Imaizumi T, Kitamura T, Takahashi K (2003). Time to recurrence after recovery from major depressive episodes and its predictors. Psychological Medicine 33, 839-845.
23. Keller MB, Lavori PW, Friedman B, Nielsen E, Endicott J, Donald-Scott P, Andreasen NC (1987). The Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation A comprehensive method for assessing outcome in prospective longitudinal studies. Archives of General Psychiatry 44, 540-548.
24. Kennedy N, Abbott R, Paykel ES (2003). Remission and recurrence of depression in the maintenance era: long-term outcome in a Cambridge cohort. Psychological Medicine 33, 827-838.
25. Kessing LV, Hansen MG, Andersen PK (2004a). Course of illness in depressive and bipolar disorders. Naturalistic study, 1994-1999. British Journal of Psychiatry 185, 372-377.
26. Kessing LV, Hansen MG, Andersen PK, Angst J (2004b). The predictive effect of episodes on the risk of recurrence in depressive and bipolar disorders-a life-long perspective. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 109, 339-344.
27. Li CT, Bai YM, Huang YL, Chen YS, Chen TJ, Cheng JY, Su TP (2012). Association between antidepressant resistance in unipolar depression and subsequent bipolar disorder: cohort study. British Journal of Psychiatry 200, 45-51.
28. Mattisson C, Bogren M, Horstmann V, Munk-Jorgensen P, Nettelbladt P (2007). The long-term course of depressive disorders in the Lundby Study. Psychological Medicine 37, 883-891.
29. Mueller TI, Leon AC, Keller MB, Solomon DA, Endicott J, Coryell W, Warshaw M, Maser JD (1999). Recurrence after recovery from major depressive disorder during 15 years of observational follow-up. American Journal of Psychiatry 156, 1000-1006.
30. Munk-Jorgensen P, Mortensen PB (1997). The Danish Psychiatric Central Register. Danish Medical Bulletin 44, 82-84.
31. Nelson JC, Baumann P, Delucchi K, Joffe R, Katona C (2014). A systematic review and meta-analysis of lithium augmentation of tricyclic and second generation antidepressants in major depression. Journal of Affective Disorders 168, 269-275.
32. O'Leary D, Costello F, Gormley N, Webb M (2000). Remission onset and relapse in depression. An 18-month prospective study of course for 100 first admission patients. Journal of Affective Disorders 57, 159-171.
33. Post RM, Roy-Byrne PP, Uhde TW (1988). Graphic representation of the life course of illness in patients with affective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 145, 844-848.
34. Posternak MA, Young D, Sheeran T, Chelminski I, Franklin CL, Zimmerman M (2004). Assessing past treatment history: test-retest reliability of the Treatment Response to Antidepressant Questionnaire. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 192, 95-102.
35. Riihimäki KA, Vuorilehto MS, Melartin TK, Isometsä ET (2014). Five-year outcome of major depressive disorder in primary health care. Psychological Medicine 44, 1369-1379.
36. Robins LN, Helzer JE, Croughan J, Ratcliff KS (1981). National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Its history, characteristics, and validity. Archives of General Psychiatry 38, 381-389.
37. Simpson HB, Nee JC, Endicott J (1997). First-episode major depression. Few sex differences in course. Archives of General Psychiatry 54, 633-639.
38. Solomon DA, Keller MB, Leon AC, Mueller TI, Lavori PW, Shea MT, Coryell W, Warshaw M, Turvey C, Maser JD, Endicott J (2000). Multiple recurrences of major depressive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 157, 229-233.
39. Spijker J, de Graaf R, Bijl RV, Beekman AT, Ormel J, Nolen WA (2002). Duration of major depressive episodes in the general population: results from The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). British Journal of Psychiatry 181, 208-213.
40. Tondo L, Visioli C, Preti A, Baldessarini RJ (2014). Bipolar disorders following initial depression: modeling predictive clinical factors. Journal of Affective Disorders 167, 44-49.
41. Wilhelm K, Parker G, Whurst-Savellis J, Asghari A (1999). Psychological predictors of single and recurrent major depressive episodes. Journal of Affective Disorders 54, 139-147.
42. Wing JK, Babor T, Brugha T, Burke J, Cooper JE, Giel R, Jablenski A, Regier D, Sartorius N (1990). SCAN. Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Archives of General Psychiatry 47, 589-593.
43. World Health Organization (1992). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. World Health Organization: Geneva.