Energy use, blue water footprint, and greenhouse gas emissions for current food consumption patterns and dietary recommendations in the US

Environment Systems and Decisions

Volumn 36, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 92-103

  Tom, Michelle S ^a   Fischbeck, Paul S ^b   Hendrickson, Chris T ^a  

^a CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Blue water footprint; Diet; Energy use; Food consumption; GHG emissions

Indexed keywords

CARBON EMISSION; DIET; ENERGY USE; ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT; EPIDEMIC; FOOD CONSUMPTION; GREENHOUSE GAS; OBESITY; RESOURCE USE; WATER FOOTPRINT;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 84959256024     PISSN: 21945403     EISSN: 21945411     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10669-015-9577-y     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Buzby J, Hodan W, Jeffrey H (2014) The estimated amount, value, and calories of postharvest food losses at the retail and consumer levels in the United States, EIB-121. US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics (2014) Questionnaires, datasets, and related documentation. Retrieved from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/nhanes_question naires.htm
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity (2015a, May 15) About Child & Teen BMI. Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/bmi/childrens_bmi/about_childens_bmi.html#How%20is%20BMI%20used%20with%20children%20and%20teens
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity (2015b, May 15) About Adult BMI. Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/bmi/adult_bmi/index.html#Why
5. Dixon J (2010) The effect of obesity on health outcomes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 316(2):104–108
6. Eshel G, Martin P (2006) Diet, energy and global warming. Earth Interact 10(9):1–17
7. Foster C, Green K, Bleda M, Dewick P, Evans B, Flynn A, Mylan J (2006) Environmental impacts of food production and consumption: a report to the department for environment, food, and rural affairs. Manchester Business School, Defra, London
8. Freedman MR, King J, Kennedy E (2001) Executive summary. Obes Res 9(S3):1S–5S. doi:10.1038/oby.2001.113
9. Harris JA, Benedict FG (1919) A biometric study of basal metabolism in man. Carnegie Institute of Washington, Washington, DC
10. Heller M, Keoleian G (2014) Greenhouse gas emission estimates of US dietary choices and food loss. J Ind Ecol 19(3):391–401. doi:10.1111/jiec.12174
11. Henry CJK (2005) Basal metabolic rate studies in humans: measurement and development of new equations. Public Health Nutr 8(7A):1133–1152
12. Hoekstra AY, Chapagain AK, Aldaya MM, Mekonnen MM (2011) The water footprint assessment manual: setting the global standard. Earthscan, London
13. Lipinski B et al (2013) Reducing food loss and waste. Working paper, installment 2 of creating a sustainable food future. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. http://www.worldresourcesreport.org
14. Lieberman M, Marks A (2012) Mark’s basic medical biochemistry: a clinical approach, 4th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA
15. Livingston E, Kohlstadt I (2005) Simplified resting metabolic rate—predicting formulas for normal-sized and obese individuals. Obes Res 13(7):1255–1262
16. Marlow H, Hayes W, Soret S, Carter R, Schwab E, Sabate J (2009) Diet and the environment: does what you eat matter? Am J Clin Nutr 89(5):1699S–1703S
17. Meier T, Christen O (2013) Environmental impacts of dietary recommendations and dietary styles: Germany as an example. Environ Sci Technol 47(2):877–888
18. Mekonnen M, Hoekstra A (2011) The green, blue, and grey water footprint of crops and derived crop products. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci. 15, 1577–1600. http://waterfootprint.org/en/resources/water-footprint-statistics/#CP1
19. Mekonnen M, Hoekstra A (2012) A global assessment of the water footprint of farm animal products. Ecosystems. 15(3):401–415. http://waterfootprint.org/en/resources/water-footprint-statistics/#CP1
20. Merrigan K, Griffin T, Wilde P, Robien K, Goldberg J, Dietz W (2015) Designing a sustainable diet. Science 350(6257):165–166
21. Mifflin MD, St Jeor ST, Hill LA, Scott BJ, Daugherty SA, Koh YO (1990) A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. Am J Clin Nutr 51(2):241–247
22. Müller M, Bosy-Westphal A, Klaus S, Kreymann G, Lührmann P, Neuhäuser-Berthold M, Noack R et al (2004) World Health Organization equations have shortcomings for predicting resting energy expenditure in persons from a modern, affluent population: generation of a new reference standard from a retrospective analysis of a German database of resting energy expenditure. Am J Clin Nutr 80(5):1379–1390
23. Owen O, Kavle E, Owen R, Polansky M, Caprio S, Mozzoli M, Kendrick Z et al (1986) A reappraisal of caloric requirements in healthy women. Am J Clin Nutr 44(1):1–19
24. Owen O, Holup J, D’Alessio D, Craig E, Polansky M, Smalley K, Kavle E et al (1987) A reappraisal of the caloric requirements of men. Am J Clin Nutr 46(6):875–885
25. Pelletier N, Tyedmers P, Sonesson U, Scholz A, Ziegler F, Flysjo A, Kruse S, Cancino B, Silverman H (2009) Not all Salmon are created equal: life cycle assessment (LCA) of global Salmon farming systems. Environ Sci Tech 43:8730–8736
26. Renault D, Wallender W (2000) Nutritional water productivity and diets. Agric Water Manag 45(3):275–296
27. Roza A, Shizgal H (1984) The Harris–Benedict equation reevaluated. Am J Clin Nutr 40(1):168–182
28. Schofield WN (1985) Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 39:5–41
29. Svanes E, Vold M, Hanssen O (2011) Environmental assessment of cod (Gadus morhua) from autoline fisheries. Int J Life Cycle Assess 16:611–624
30. Thompson D, Edelsberg J, Colditz G (1999) Lifetime health and economic consequences of obesity. Arch Intern Med 159(18):2177–2183
31. Thompson D, Brown J, Nichols G, Elmer P, Oster G (2001) Body mass index and future heathcare costs: a retrospective cohort study. Obes Res 9(3):210–218
32. Tilman D, Clark M (2014) Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health. Nature 515(7528):518–522
33. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Global Environmental Alert Service (2012) Growing greenhouse gas emissions due to meat production. United Nations Environment Programme, Geneva
34. US Census Bureau (2013) Population estimates, historical data. US Census Bureau, US Department of Commerce, Washington, DC
35. US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service (2014) Loss-adjusted food availability data set. Retrieved from Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System. http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-availability-(per-capita)-data-system/.aspx#26705
36. US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Health and Human Services (2010) Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2010, 7th edn. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
37. Vanham D, Bidoglio G (2014) The water footprint of agricultural products in European river basins. Environ Res Lett 9(6):064007. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/6/064007
38. Vanham D, Mekonnen M, Hoekstra A (2013a) The water footprint of the EU for different diets. Ecol Ind 32:1–8
39. Vanham D, Hoekstra A, Bidoglio G (2013b) Potential water saving through changes in European diets. Environ Int 61:45–56
40. Weber C, Matthews H (2008) Food-miles and the relative climate impacts of food choices in the United States. Environ Sci Technol 42(10):3508–3513
41. Weijs P (2008) Validity of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure in US and Dutch overweight and obese class I and II adults aged 18-65 y. Am J Clin Nutr 88(4):959–970