Mindful awareness of feelings increases neural performance monitoring

Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 93-105

  Saunders, Blair ^a   Rodrigo, Achala H ^a   Inzlicht, Michael ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Emotion; Meditation; Mindfulness; Neuroscience; Performance monitoring

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ATTENTION; AWARENESS; BRAIN; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EMOTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MEDITATION; PHYSIOLOGY; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOLOGY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ATTENTION; AWARENESS; BRAIN; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MEDITATION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84958746347     PISSN: 15307026     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3758/s13415-015-0375-2     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Aarts, K., De Houwer, J., & Pourtois, G. (2013). Erroneous and correct actions have a different affective valence: Evidence from ERPs. Emotion, 13, 960–973. doi:10.1037/a0032808
2. Bagby, R., Parker, J., & Taylor, G. (1994). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 23–32.
3. Barbas, H. (1995). Anatomic basis of cognitive–emotional interactions in the primate prefrontal cortex. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 19, 499–510.
4. Barrett, L. F. (2006). Solving the emotion paradox: Categorization and the experience of emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 20–46. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1001_2
5. Bartholow, B. D., Henry, E. A., Lust, S. A., Saults, J. S., & Wood, P. K. (2012). Alcohol effects on performance monitoring and adjustment: Affect modulation and impairment of evaluative cognitive control. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 173–186.
6. Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Tice, D. M. (2007). The strength model of self-control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 351–355. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00534.x
7. Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J.,.. Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 230–241.
8. Boksem, M. A., Meijman, T. F., & Lorist, M. M. (2006). Mental fatigue, motivation and action monitoring. Biological Psychology, 72, 123–132.
9. Botvinick, M. M., Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). Conflict monitoring and cognitive control. Psychological Review, 108, 624–652. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.108.3.624
10. Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (2007). The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) in the study of emotion and attention. In J. A. Coan & J. J. B. Allen (Eds.), Handbook of emotion elicitation and assessment (pp. 29–46). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
11. Brown, K. W., Goodman, R., & Inzlicht, M. (2013). Dispositional mindfulness and the attenuation of neural responses to emotional stimuli. Social Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, 8, 93–99. doi:10.1093/scan/nss004
12. Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
13. Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance: The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale. Assessment, 15, 204–223.
14. Creswell, J. D., Way, B. M., Eisenberger, N. I., & Lieberman, M. D. (2007). Neural correlates of dispositional mindfulness during affect labeling. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69, 560–565.
15. Dehaene, S., Posner, M. I., & Tucker, D. M. (1994). Localization of a neural system for error-detection and compensation. Psychological Science, 5, 303–305. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1994.tb00630.x
16. Erisman, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2010). A preliminary investigation of experimentally-induced mindfulness on emotional responding to film clips. Emotion, 10, 72–82.
17. Etkin, A., Egner, T., & Kalisch, R. (2011). Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 85–93.
18. Falkenstein, M., Hohnsbein, J., Hoormann, J., & Blanke, L. (1991). Effects of crossmodal divided attention on late ERP components: II. Error processing in choice reaction tasks. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 78, 447–455. doi:10.1016/0013-4694(91)90062-9
19. Farb, N. A. S., Segal, Z. V., Mayberg, H., Bean, J., McKeon, D., Fatima, Z., & Anderson, A. K. (2007). Attending to the present: Mindfulness meditation reveals distinct neural modes of self-reference. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2, 313–322.
20. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175–191. doi:10.3758/BF03193146
21. Gallagher, S. (2000). Philosophical conceptions of the self: Implications for cognitive science. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 14–21.
22. Gehring, W. J., & Fencsik, D. E. (2001). Functions of the medial frontal cortex in the processing of conflict and errors. Journal of Neuroscience, 108, 624–652.
23. Gehring, W. J., Goss, B., Coles, M. G. H., Meyer, D. E., & Donchin, E. (1993). A neural system for error detection and compensation. Psychological Science, 4, 385–390. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00586.x
24. Gratton, G., Coles, M. G. H., & Donchin, E. (1983). A new method for off-line removal of ocular artifact. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 55, 468–484. doi:10.1016/0013-4694(83)90135-9
25. Gross, J. J. (2015). The extended process model of emotion regulation: Elaborations, applications, and future directions. Psychological Inquiry, 26, 130–137. doi:10.1080/1047840X.2015.989751
26. Hajcak, G., & Foti, D. (2008). Errors are aversive: Defensive motivation and the error-related negativity. Psychological Science, 19, 103–108. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02053.x
27. Hajcak, G., McDonald, N., & Simons, R. F. (2003). To err is autonomic: Error‐related brain potentials, ANS activity, and post‐error compensatory behavior. Psychophysiology, 40, 895–903. doi:10.1111/1469-8986.00107
28. Hajcak, G., & Simons, R. F. (2008). Oops! … I did it again: An ERP and behavioral study of double-errors. Brain and Cognition, 68, 15–21. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2008.02.118
29. Herrmann, M. J., Römmler, J., Ehlis, A. C., Heidrich, A., & Fallgatter, A. J. (2004). Source localization (LORETA) of the error-related-negativity (ERN/Ne) and positivity (Pe). Cognitive Brain Research, 20, 294–299.
30. Hobson, N. M., Saunders, B., Al-Khindi, T., & Inzlicht, M. (2014). Emotional down-regulation diminishes cognitive control: A neurophysiological investigation. Emotion, 14, 1014–1026. doi:10.1037/a0038028
31. Holroyd, C. B., & Coles, M. G. H. (2002). The neural basis of human error processing: Reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the error-related negativity. Psychological Review, 109, 679–709. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.109.4.679
32. Inzlicht, M., & Al-Khindi, T. (2012). ERN and the placebo: A misattribution approach to studying the arousal properties of the error-related negativity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141, 799–807. doi:10.1037/a0027586
33. Inzlicht, M., Bartholow, B. D., & Hirsh, J. B. (2015). Emotional foundations of cognitive control. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19, 126–132. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.01.004
34. Inzlicht, M., & Gutsell, J. N. (2007). Running on empty: Neural signals for self-control failure. Psychological Science, 18, 933–937.
35. Inzlicht, M., Schmeichel, B. J., & Macrae, C. N. (2014). Why self-control seems (but may not be) limited. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18, 127–133. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.12.009
36. Jha, A. P., Krompinger, J., & Baime, M. J. (2007). Mindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 109–119. doi:10.3758/CABN.7.2.109
37. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York, NY: Hyperion.
38. Koban, L., & Pourtois, G. (2014). Brain systems underlying the affective and social monitoring of actions: An integrative review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 46, 71–84. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.02.014
39. Larson, M. J., Steffen, P. R., & Primosch, M. (2013b). The impact of a brief mindfulness meditation intervention on cognitive control and error-related performance monitoring. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 308. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00308
40. Leuthold, H., & Sommer, W. (1999). ERP correlates of error processing in spatial SR compatibility tasks. Clinical Neurophysiology, 110, 342–357.
41. Lindström, B. R., Mattsson-Mårn, I. B., Golkar, A., & Olsson, A. (2013). In your face: Risk of punishment enhances cognitive control and error-related activity in the corrugator supercilii muscle. PLoS ONE, 8, e65692. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065692
42. Luck, S. J. (2005). An introduction to the event-related potential technique. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
43. Nieuwenhuis, S., Ridderinkhof, K. R., Blom, J., Band, G. P., & Kok, A. (2001). Error-related brain potentials are differentially related to awareness of response errors: Evidence from an antisaccade task. Psychophysiology, 38, 752–760.
44. Olvet, D. M., & Hajcak, G. (2009). The stability of error-related brain activity with increasing trials. Psychophysiology, 46, 957–961. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00848.x
45. Overbeek, T. J., Nieuwenhuis, S., & Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2005). Dissociable components of error processing: on the functional significance of the Pe vis-à-vis the ERN/Ne. Journal of Psychophysiology, 19, 319–329.
46. Pennebaker, J. W., Chung, C. K., Ireland, M., Gonzales, A., & Booth, R. J. (2007). The development and psychometric properties of the LIWC2007. Retrieved from www.LIWC.net/LIWC2007LanguageManual.pdf
47. Picton, L., Saunders, B., & Jentzsch, I. (2012). “I will fix only my own mistakes”: An ERP study investigating error processing in a joint choice-RT task. Neuropsychologia, 50, 777–785. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.01.011
48. Ridderinkhof, K. R., Ramautar, J. R., & Wijnen, J. G. (2009). To PE or not to PE: A P3‐like ERP component reflecting the processing of response errors. Psychophysiology, 46, 531–538.
49. Pourtois, G., Vocat, R., N’Diaye, K., Spinelli, L., Seeck, M., & Vuilleumier, P. (2010). Errors recruit both cognitive and emotional monitoring systems: Simultaneous intracranial recordings in the dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus and amygdala combined with fMRI. Neuropsychologia, 48, 1144–1159. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.12.020
50. Rigoni, D., Pourtois, G., & Brass, M. (2015). “Why should I care?”: Challenging free will attenuates neural reaction to errors. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10, 262–268. doi:10.1093/scan/nsu068
51. Russell, J. A. (2003). Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychological Review, 110, 145–172. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.110.1.145
52. Saunders, B., Milyavskaya, M., & Inzlicht, M. (2015a). Variation in cognitive control as emotion regulation. Psychological Inquiry, 26, 108–115. doi:10.1080/1047840X.2015.962396
53. Saunders, B., Milyavskaya, M., & Inzlicht, M. (2015b). What does cognitive control feel like? Effective and ineffective cognitive control is associated with divergent phenomenology. Psychophysiology, 52, 1205–1217. doi:10.1111/psyp.12454
54. Shackman, A. J., Salomons, T. V., Slagter, H. A., Fox, A. S., Winter, J. J., & Davidson, R. J. (2011). The integration of negative affect, pain and cognitive control in the cingulate cortex. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12, 154–167.
55. Strozyk, J. V., & Jentzsch, I. (2012). Weaker error signals do not reduce the effectiveness of post-error adjustments: Comparing error processing in young and middle-aged adults. Brain Research, 1460, 41–49.
56. Teper, R., & Inzlicht, M. (2013). Meditation, mindfulness, and executive control: The importance of emotional acceptance and brain-based performance monitoring. Social Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, 8, 85–92. doi:10.1093/scan/nss045
57. Teper, R., Segal, Z., & Inzlicht, M. (2013). Inside the mindful mind: How mindfulness enhances emotion regulation through improvements in executive control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22, 449–454. doi:10.1177/0963721413495869
58. van Veen, V., & Carter, C. S. (2002). The timing of action-monitoring processes in the anterior cingulate cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 593–602. doi:10.1162/08989290260045837
59. Wang, Y., Yang, L., & Wang, Y. (2014). Suppression (but not reappraisal) impairs subsequent error detection: An ERP study of emotion regulation’s resource-depleting effect. PLoS ONE, 9(e96339), 1–9. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096339
60. Weinberg, A., Riesel, A., & Hajcak, G. (2012). Integrating multiple perspectives on error-related brain activity: The ERN as a neural indicator of trait defensive reactivity. Motivation and Emotion, 36, 84–100.
61. Wessel, J. R. (2012). Error awareness and the error-related negativity: Evaluating the first decade of evidence. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 88. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00088
62. Yeung, N., Botvinick, M. M., & Cohen, J. D. (2004). The neural basis of error detection: Conflict monitoring and the error-related negativity. Psychological Review, 111, 931–959. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.111.4.931