Criminal capital: How the finance industry facilitates crime

Criminal Capital: How the Finance Industry Facilitates Crime

Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 1-227

  Platt, Stephen ^a  

^a GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84958684710     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9781137337306     Document Type: Book

References (221)

1. ‘Wall Street and The Financial Crisis: Anatomy of a Financial Collapse’, a report published by the US Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations on 13 April 2011 (www.hsgac.senate.gov//imo/media/doc/Financial_Crisis/FinancialCrisisReport. pdf?attempt=2)
2. ‘JPM Trade "Flawed, Complex, Poorly Reviewed, Executed, Monitored"', Forbes, 12 May 2012 (www.forbes.com/sites/robertlenzner/2012/05/12/flawedcomplexpoorlyreviewed- executed-monitored)
3. (www.fsa.gov.uk/static/pubs/ final/barclays-jun12.pdf)
4. (www.justice.gov/atr/cases/f292500/292555.pdf)
5. ‘RBS fined £87.6 million for significant failings in relation to LIBOR’, FSA notice, 6 February 2013 (www.fsa.gov.uk/library/communication/pr/2013/011.shtml)
6. ‘The Wheatley Review of Libor: final report’, published in September 2012 (www. gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/191762/wheatley_ review_libor_finalreport_280912.pdf)
7. (http://money.cnn.com/2012/07/03/ investing/libor-interest-rate-faq/index.htm)
8. (www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-26041039).
9. ‘Secret Currency Traders’ Club Devised Biggest Market’s Rates’, Bloomberg, 19 December 2013 (www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-12-19/how-secret-currency-tradersclub- devised-biggest-market-s-rates.html)
10. ‘Forex claims ‘as bad as Libor’, says FCA’, Financial Times, 4 February 2014 (www. ft.com/cms/s/0/6d2f697a-8da8-11e3-bbe7-00144feab7de.html#axzz2slPlhGhc)
11. ‘Are we having fun yet?', London Review of Books, 4 July 2013 edition (www.lrb.co.uk/ v35/n13/john-lanchester/are-we-having-fun-yet)
12. www.financial-ombudsman.org.uk/publications/technical_notes/ppi/PPI-case-studies.html#cs8
13. ‘Lloyds accused of short-changing PPI claimants’, BBC News, 25 March 2014 (www.bbc. co.uk/news/business-26715982)
14. ‘Risk Management and Regulatory Failures at Riggs Bank and UBS: Lessons Learned’, testimony by Thomas C Baxter, 2 June 2004 (www.newyorkfed.org/newsevents/ speeches/2004/bax040602.html)
15. Deferred Prosecution Agreement, USA v Lloyds TSB Bank Plc, 9 January 2009 (www.gibsondunn. com/publications/Documents/LloydsTSB-DeferredProsecutionAgmt010909.pdf)
16. House of Commons, transcript from 12 February 2009 (www.publications.parliament. uk/pa/cm200809/cmhansrd/cm090212/debtext/90212-0014.htm)
17. Factual Statement forming part of the Deferred Prosecution Agreement, USA v Credit Suisse AG, 16 December 2009 (www.justice.gov/criminal/pr/documents/12-16-09-CreditSuisse-factualstatement.pdf)
18. Deferred Prosecution Agreement, USA v American Express Bank International, 6 August 2007 (www.justice.gov/criminal/pr/2007/08/08-06-07amex-charge-agremnt.pdf)
19. ‘U.S. Vulnerabilities to Money Laundering, Drugs, and Terrorist Financing: HSBC Case History’, a report released by the US Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations on 17 July 2012 (www.levin.senate.gov/download/?id=90fe8998-dfc4-4a8c-90ed-704bcce990d4)
20. Deferred Prosecution Agreement, USA v UBS AG, 18 February 2009 (www.justice.gov/ tax/UBS_Signed_Deferred_Prosecution_Agreement.pdf)
21. ‘Swiss Bank Pleads Guilty In Manhattan Federal Court To Conspiracy To Evade Taxes’, US Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York press release, 3 January 2013 (www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/January13/WegelinPleaPR.php)
22. Deferred Prosecution Agreement, USA v JP Morgan Chase Bank NA, 6 January 2014 (www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/January14/JPMCDPASupportingDocs/ JPMC%20DPA%20Packet%20(Fully%20Executed%20w%20Exhibits).pdf)
23. ‘Farewell to the FSA - and the bleak legacy of the light-touch regulator’, The Guardian, 24 March 2013 (www.theguardian.com/business/2013/mar/24/farewell-fsa-bleak-legacylight- touch-regulator)
24. ‘Bitcoin Soars While Liberty Reserve Draws Guilty Plea’, Forbes, 8 November 2013 (www.forbes.com/sites/robertwood/2013/11/08/bitcoin-soars-while-liberty-reservedraws- guilty-plea/)
25. ‘Co-founder of Liberty Reserve Pleads Guilty to Money Laundering in Manhattan Federal Court’, US Department of Justice press release, 31 October 2013 (www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2013/October/13-crm-1163.html)
26. United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988 (www.unodc.org/pdf/convention_1988_en.pdf)
27. www.fincen.gov/news_room/aml_history.html
28. www.fatf-gafi.org/pages/faq/moneylaundering
29. ' "The crime of the century": The story of the Great Train Robbery’, Daily Express, 18 December 2013 (www.express.co.uk/news/uk/449356/The-crime-of-the-century-Thestory- of-the-Great-Train-Robbery)
30. ‘Correspondent Banking: A Gateway for Money Laundering’, a report released by the US Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations Committee, dated 5 February 2001 (www.hsgac.senate.gov/download/report_correspondent--banking-a-gateway-formoney- laundering)
31. ‘The World’s 500 Largest Asset Managers’, Year end 2012 (www.towerswatson.com/ en-GB/Insights/IC-Types/Survey-Research-Results/2013/11/The-Worlds-500-Largest-Asset-Managers-Year-end-2012)
32. ‘Of waffle and remittances’, The Economist, 20 September 2013 (www.economist.com/ blogs/baobab/2013/09/somalia)
33. ‘A crisis of confidence’, The Guardian, 22 October 2008 (www.theguardian.com/ commentisfree/cifamerica/2008/oct/22/economy-financial-crisis-regulation)
34. www.cayman.com.ky/the-cayman-islands-a-premiere-offshore-banking-center
35. ‘UK tax take on wealthy ʼnon-doms’ rises 6%', Financial Times, 3 February 2014 (www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1fd89cde-8ce3-11e3-ad57-00144feab7de.html# axzz2vxSXyOCb)
36. According to figures in: ‘Citizenship-for-Cash Program in Malta Stirs Security Concerns in European Union’, The New York Times, 5 April 2014 (www.nytimes. com/2014/04/06/world/europe/citizenship-for-cash-program-in-malta-stirs-securityconcerns- in-european-union.html?_r=0)
37. http://spainresidencepermit.com/; www. second-citizenship.org/permanent-residence/immigration-and-permanent-residencyin- mauritius/
38. ‘Bono defends U2‘s tax set-up’, USA Today, 5 December 2013 (www.usatoday.com/ story/life/people/2013/09/23/bono-u2-taxes/2858283/)
39. www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html
40. ‘The Price of Offshore Revisited’, a report published by the Tax Justice Network in July 2012 (www.taxjustice.net/cms/upload/pdf/Price_of_Offshore_Revisited_120722. pdf)
41. www.cimoney.com.ky/stats_reg_ent/stats_reg_ent.aspx?id=200&ekmensel=e2f22c9a _14_72_200_6
42. A statement by Senator Carl Levin, presented at a US Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations hearing on 14 November 2006 (http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/ getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_senate_hearings&docid=f:32353.pdf)
43. Cited in: ‘Gordon Brown says world must ‘take action’ on tax havens’, The Telegraph, 19 February 2009 (www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/tax/4695513/Gordon-Brown-says-world-must-take-action-on-tax-havens.html)
44. ‘Mutual Evaluation Report, Anti Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism’, a report published by FATF, dated 9 April 2008 (www.fatf-gafi.org/media/ fatf/documents/reports/mer/MER%20UAE%20full.pdf)
45. ‘Global Shell Games: testing Money Launderers’ and Terrorist Financiers’ Access to Shell Companies’, by Michael Findley, Daniel Nielson and Jason Sharman, published in 2012 (www.griffith.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/454625/Oct2012-Global-Shell-Games.Media-Summary.10Oct12.pdf)
46. ‘Offshore Tax Evasion: The Effort to Collect Unpaid Taxes on Billions in Hidden Offshore Accounts’, a report released by the US Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations on 26 February 2014 (www.hsgac.senate.gov/download/report-offshore- tax-evasion-the-effort-to-collect-unpaid-taxes-on-billions-in-hidden-offshoreaccounts-5-22-14-update)
47. ‘Tax: Trouble abroad for the City?', Financial Times, 9 September 2013 (www.ft.com/ cms/s/2/dbc8af56-0fc5-11e3-a258-00144feabdc0.html#axzz39neYdtzt)
48. ‘China’s princelings storing riches in Caribbean offshore haven’, The Guardian, 21 January 2014 (www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2014/jan/21/china-britishvirgin- islands-wealth-offshore-havens)
49. ‘Five years of London murder victims listed’, The Guardian, 5 October 2011 (www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/oct/05/murder-london-list) and www.osac.gov/pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=14380
50. ‘Mexico violence: Monterrey police find 49 bodies’, BBC News, 13 May 2012 (www.bbc. co.uk/news/world-latin-america-18052540)
51. '200 million people use illegal drugs; what is the toll on health?', Los Angeles Times, 5 January 2012 (http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jan/05/news/la-hebworldwide- drug-use-20120105)
52. '2005 World Drug Report’ Volume 1 (www.unodc.org/pdf/WDR_2005/volume_1_web. pdf)
53. ‘Treasury Targets Major Money Laundering Network Linked to Drug Trafficker Ayman Joumaa and a Key Hizballah Supporter in South America’, US Department of the Treasury press release, 27 June 2012 (www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/ pages/tg1624.aspx)
54. UNODC’s ‘World Drug Report 2013’ (www.unodc.org/documents/wdr/World_ Drug_Report_2013.pdf)
55. UNODC’s ‘Estimating Illicit Financial Flows Resulting from Drug Trafficking and Other Transnational Organized Crimes’, October 2011 (www.unodc.org/documents/ data-and-analysis/Studies/Illicit_financial_flows_2011_web.pdf)
56. ‘The Economic Impact of Illicit Drug Use on American Society’, published by the US Department of Justice National Drug Intelligence Center in April 2011 (www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs44/44731/44731p.pdf)
57. ‘No Quick Fix’, published by the Centre for Social Justice in September 2013 (www.centreforsocialjustice. org.uk/UserStorage/pdf/Pdf%20reports/addict.pdf)
58. ‘Mexican ex-governor gets 11 years in U.S. for money laundering’, Reuters, 28 June 2013 (www.reuters.com/article/2013/06/28/us-usa-mexico-villanueva-idUSBRE95R 14720130628)
59. www.forbes.com/profile/joaquin-guzman-loera/
60. UNODC’s ‘Financial Flows linked to the Illicit Production and Trafficking of Afghan Opiates’, November 2008 (www.unodc.org/documents/afghanistan//Rainbow_ Strategy/Orange_Paper_12_December_2008.pdf)
61. ‘Gang jailed after laundering £20m of drugs money for criminals’, Manchester Evening News, 16 January 2014 (www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchesternews/ gang-used-banks-chorlton-longsight-6520358)
62. ‘Moving Illegal Proceeds’, a report released by the US Government Accountability Office on 9 March 2011 (www.gao.gov/new.items/d11407t.pdf)
63. '2 women arrested for attempting to smuggle U.S. dollars into Mexico’, Arizona Daily Star, 6 January 2014 (http://azstarnet.com/news/local/women-arrested-for-attempting- to-smuggle-u-s-dollars-into/article_24c45d16-774c-11e3-a579-001a4bcf887a. html)
64. The information on Wachovia in this chapter is primarily sourced from: Deferred Prosecution Agreement, USA vs Wachovia Bank NA, 16 March 2010 (www.justice.gov/ usao/fls/PressReleases/Attachments/100317-02.Agreement.pdf) and corresponding Factual Statement (www.justice.gov/usao/fls/PressReleases/Attachments/100317-02. Statement.pdf)
65. ‘How a big US bank laundered billions from Mexico’s murderous drug gangs’, The Guardian, 3 April 2011 (www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/03/us-bank-mexicodrug- gangs)
66. ‘Wachovia Enters Into Deferred Prosecution Agreement’, US Drug Enforcement Administration press release, 17 March 2010 (www.justice.gov/dea/pubs/pressrel/ pr031710.html)
67. www. levin.senate.gov/download/?id=90fe8998-dfc4-4a8c-90ed-704bcce990d4
68. www.justice.gov/opa/ documents/hsbc/dpa-attachment-a.pdf
69. (http://star.worldbank.org/corruption-cases/ node/18586)
70. www.globalwitness.org/sites/default/files/library/Second%20 Amended%20Complaint%206.11.12.pdf.
71. (www.foreignpolicy.com/files/fp_uploaded_documents/111025_DDC_1.pdf)
72. http://world.time.com/2012/07/16/teodorin-obiang-thedictators- son-with-a-malibu-mansion-and-a-warrant-for-his-arrest/
73. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD
74. ‘SEC Charges Baker Hughes With Foreign Bribery and With Violating 2001 Commission Cease-and-Desist Order’, SEC press release, 26 April 2007 (www.sec.gov/ news/press/2007/2007-77.htm)
75. ‘Siemens AG and Three Subsidiaries Plead Guilty to Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Violations and Agree to Pay $450 Million in Combined Criminal Fines’, US Department of Justice press release, 15 December 2008 (www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2008/ December/08-crm-1105.html)
76. ‘Siemens AG reaches a resolution with German and U.S. authorities’, Siemens AG press release, 15 December 2008 (www.siemens. com/press/en/pressrelease/?press=/en/pressrelease/2008/corporate_communication/ axx20081219.htm)
77. ‘EU joins national donors in freezing aid to Uganda over graft’, Reuters, 4 December 2012 (www.reuters.com/article/2012/12/04/us-uganda-aid-idUSBRE8B30 DA20121204)
78. ‘Commission unveils first EU Anti-Corruption Report’, European Commission press release, 3 February 2014 (http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-14-86_en.htm)
79. ‘Six Questions on the Cost of Corruption with World Bank Institute Global Governance Director Daniel Kaufmann’ (http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/ EXTERNAL/NEWS/0, contentMDK:20190295~menuPK:34457~pagePK:34370~piPK34424~theSitePK:4607,00.html)
80. Transparency International’s ‘Global Corruption Report 2004’ (www.transparency. org/whatwedo/pub/global_corruption_report_2004_political_corruption)
81. ‘Illicit Financial Flows from Developing Countries: 2000-2009', a report published by Global Financial Integrity in January 2011 (www.gfintegrity.org/wp-content/ uploads/2011/12/GFI_2010_IFF_Update_Report-Web.pdf)
82. The South African case is cited in: ‘Keeping Foreign Corruption Out of the United States: Four Case Histories’, a report released by the US Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations on 4 February 2010 (www.hsgac.senate.gov/download/report-psi-staffreport- keeping-foreign-corruption-out-of-the-united-states-four-case-histories)
83. ‘Former DOD Contractor Sentenced in Case Involving Bribery, Fraud and Money Laundering Scheme in al-Hillah, Iraq’, US Department of Justice press release, 29 January 2007 (www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2007/January/07_crm_055.html)
84. ‘BAE fined in Tanzania defence contract case’, Serious Fraud Office press release, 21 December 2010 (www.sfo.gov.uk/press-room/press-release-archive/press-releases-2010/bae-fined-in-tanzania-defence-contract-case.aspx)
85. ‘The Transparency of National Defence Budgets’, published by Transparency International in October 2011 (www.ti-defence.org/publications/20-category-publications/ publications-dsp/124-dsp-pubs-transparency-defence-budgets.html)
86. ‘Riddle of sheikh’s £100m secret fund’, The Guardian, 2 June 2002 (www.theguardian. com/politics/2002/jun/02/uk.armstrade); a statement published on The Guardian website (and assumed to have been issued by the Jersey Attorney General) http://image. guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Guardian/documents/2007/05/29/qatardoc01.pdf
87. www.jerseylaw.je/Judgments/UnreportedJudgments/Documents/ Display.aspx?url=02-12-02_JEP-v-Qatar_227.htm&JudgementNo=2002/227
88. ‘BAE accused of secretly paying up to £1bn to Saudi prince’, The Guardian, 7 June 2007 (www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jun/07/bae1)
89. ' "National Interest" halts arms corruption inquiry’, The Guardian, 15 December 2006 (www.theguardian.com/ uk/2006/dec/15/saudiarabia.armstrade)
90. ‘US Seizes Ex-Ukrainian Prime Minister’s Mansion’, The Wall Street Journal, 7 November 2013 (http://blogs.wsj.com/riskandcompliance/2013/11/07/us-seizes-exukrainian- prime-ministers-mansion-picasso-lithograph/)
91. ' "Biens mal acquis" case: French Supreme Court overrules Court of Appeal’s decision’, Transparency International press release, 9 November 2010 (www.transparency.org/ news/pressrelease/20101109_biens_mal_acquis_case_french_supreme_court_overrules_ court_of_appe)
92. ‘Former Nigeria state governor James Ibori receives 13-year sentence’, The Guardian, 17 April 2012 (www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/apr/17/nigeria-governor- james-ibori-sentenced)
93. ‘Former Nigeria governor James Ibori jailed for 13 years’, BBC News, 17 April 2012 (www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17739388)
94. Information regarding Dipreye Alamieyeseigha was sourced from: ‘Nigeria governor to be impeached’, BBC News, 23 November 2005 (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/ africa/4462444.stm); Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative, sourced from
95. ‘Kleptocrats’ Portfolio Decisions, or realities in State Asset Recovery cases’ by Tim Daniel and James Maton (https://star.worldbank.org/corruption-cases/node/18620)
96. ‘Nigeria Pardons Goodluck Jonathan ally, Alamieyeseigha’, BBC News, 13 March 2013 (www.bbc.co.uk/news/worldafrica-21769047)
97. Federal Republic of Nigeria v Santolina Investment Corporation, 3 December 2007 (available at: http://star.worldbank.org/corruption-cases/node/18493)
98. ‘British Police ask FG to extradite Alamieyeseigha’, Oyibos Online (www.oyibosonline. com/cgi-bin/newsscript2.pl?record=2562)
99. ‘We’re still waiting for Alamieyeseigha in UK - Envoy’, The Sun, 28 March 2013 (http://sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=21879)
100. ‘Money Laundering and Foreign Corruption: Enforcement and Effectiveness of the Patriot Act: Case Study involving Riggs Bank’, a report released by the US Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations on 15 July 2004 (www.hsgac.senate.gov//imo/media/ doc/ACF5F8.pdf?attempt=2)
101. Available at: www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/other/aml_final_report.pdf
102. ‘Coutts fined £8.75 million for anti-money laundering control failings’, FSA press release, 26 March 2012 (www.fsa.gov.uk/library/communication/pr/2012/032.shtml)
103. FSA’s Final Notice to Coutts & Company, 23 March 2012 (www.fsa.gov.uk/static/ pubs/final/coutts-mar12.pdf)
104. ‘Somali pirates free UK couple Paul and Rachel Chandler’, BBC News, 14 November 2010 (www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11752027)
105. ‘Pirate Trails’, a report published by the World Bank, in collaboration with UNODC and Interpol, in 2013 (https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16196)
106. ‘Reports on Act of Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships Annual Report -2011', a report published by the International Maritime Organization on 1 March 2012 (www.imo.org/blast/blastDataHelper.asp?data_id=31023&filename=180.pdf)
107. ‘Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships’ a report by ICC International Maritime Bureau for the 1 January - 31 December 2013 period (www.harbourmaster.org/ downloadfile.php?df=images/upload/files/news-maritime_news_file_419.pdf&dfn= MjAxMyBBbm51YWwgSU1CIFBpcmFjeSBSZXBvcnQgQUJSSURHRUQucGRm&d ecode=y)
108. ‘Al Shabab Fights the Pirates’, The New York Times, 22 October 2013 (www.nytimes. com/2013/10/23/opinion/international/al-shabab-fights-the-pirates.html?_r=0)
109. ‘Organised Maritime Piracy and Related Kidnapping for Ransom’, a report published by FATF in July 2011 (www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/documents/reports/organised%20 maritime%20piracy%20and%20related%20kidnapping%20for%20ransom.pdf)
110. ‘Shabaab-Somali pirate links growing: UN adviser’, Reuters, 20 October 2011 (www.reuters. com/article/2011/10/20/ozatp-somalia-shabaab-pirates-idAFJOE79J0G620111020)
111. ‘Somali sea gangs lure investors at pirate lair’, Reuters, 1 December 2009 (uk.reuters. com/article/2009/12/01/us-somalia-piracy-investors-idUSTRE5B01Z920091201)
112. ‘Somali Hostage Negotiator in S/V Quest and M/V Miranda Marguerite Piracies Sentenced to Multiple Life Sentences’, FBI press release, 13 August 2012 (www.fbi.gov/ newyork/press-releases/2012/somali-hostage-negotiator-in-s-v-quest-and-m-v-miranda- marguerite-piracies-sentenced-to-multiple-life-sentences)
113. ‘Highest-ranking Somali pirate in U.S. custody loses appeal to overturn 12 life sentences for killing 4 American tourists’, NY Daily News, 12 July 2013 (www.nydailynews.com/news/world/ convicted-somali-pirate-loses-appeal-article-1.1397564)
114. Relevant excerpt available at: www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200809/ldselect/ ldeucom/132/13208.htm
115. ‘Treasure Mapped: Using Satellite Imagery to Track the Developmental Effects of Somali Piracy’, a report published by Chatham House in January 2012 (www.chathamhouse. org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Research/Africa/0112pp_shortland.pdf)
116. '14 years for Dover tragedy lorry driver’, The Guardian, 5 April 2001 (www.theguardian. com/uk/2001/apr/05/immigration.immigrationandpublicservices)
117. '"Death Truck" Driver Pleads Innocent’, CBS News, 30 November 2000 (www.cbsnews.com/news/ death-truck-driver-pleads-innocent/)
118. R v Perry Wacker, 2002 (www.lccsa.org. uk/r-v-perry-wacker-2002/)
119. ‘Driver jailed over immigrant deaths’, BBC News, 5 April 2001 (news.bbc. co.uk/1/hi/uk/1258240.stm)
120. ‘Money Laundering Risks Arising from Trafficking in Human Beings and Smuggling of Migrants’, a FATF report published in July 2011 (www.fatf-gafi.org/ media/fatf/documents/reports/Trafficking%20in%20Human%20Beings%20and%20 Smuggling%20of%20Migrants.pdf)
121. www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CTOC/
122. ‘The Mexican Drug Cartels’ Other Business: Sex Trafficking’, Time, 31 July 2013 (http://world.time.com/2013/07/31/the-mexican-drug-cartels-other-business-sextrafficking/)
123. ‘Lampedusa boat tragedy: Migrants "raped and tortured"', BBC News, 8 November 2013 (www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24866338)
124. Available at: www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2013/index.htm
125. ‘Cockle gangmaster gets 14 years’, BBC News, 28 March 2006 (http://news.bbc. co.uk/1/hi/england/lancashire/4851194.stm)
126. ‘Man guilty of 21 cockling deaths’, BBC News, 24 March 2006 (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/lancashire/4832454. stm)
127. ‘Morecambe Bay cocklepicker gangmaster freed after serving just four months for each life lost’, The Mirror, 9 February 2014 (www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/ morecambe-bay-cocklepicker-gangmaster-lin-3126508);
128. ‘Going under’, The Guardian, 20 June 2007 (www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/jun/20/ukcrime. humanrights)
129. ‘ILO Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings’, published in 2008 (www.ilo. org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_norm/@declaration/documents/publication/ wcms_090356.pdf)
130. ‘Children Trafficked and Exploited inside Europe by Criminal Gangs’, 11 January 2011 (www.europol.europa.eu/content/press/children-trafficked-and-exploited-insideeurope- criminal-gangs-501)
131. ‘Smuggling of migrants: the harsh search for a better life’ (www.unodc.org/toc/en/ crimes/migrant-smuggling.html)
132. ‘Snakehead empress who made millions trafficking in misery’, The Guardian, 6 July 2003 (www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/jul/06/immigration.china)
133. ‘The Case of the Snakehead Queen’, FBI news story, 17 March 2006 (www.fbi.gov/news/ stories/2006/march/sisterping_031706)
134. Settlement Agreement, State of Arizona v Western Union Financial Services Inc., February 2010 (www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1365135/000119312510030898/dex101.htm)
135. ‘Western Union, Arizona to Cooperate to Combat Money Laundering’, The Wall Street Journal, 3 February 2014 (http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20140203-706961. html#printMode)
136. FATF’s ‘Money Laundering Risks Arising from Trafficking in Human Beings and Smuggling of Migrants’ report (See note 3 above).
137. ‘Three British Islamists convicted of plotting "another 9/11"', Reuters, 21 February 2013 (http://uk.mobile.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUKBRE91K0SK20130221?i=2)
138. ‘The Numerous Federal Legal Definitions of Terrorism: The Problem of Too Many Grails’, by Nicholas J Perry, Journal of Legislation (2004)
139. www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=42c39b6d4
140. ‘What’s In A Name? How Nations Define Terrorism Ten Years After 9/11', by Sudha Setty (2011) (www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/139-setty33upajintll12011pdf)
141. ‘When does Reuters use the word terrorist or terrorism?', Reuters, 13 June 2007 (http:// blogs.reuters.com/blog/archives/7146)
142. http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/staff_statements/911_TerrFin_Monograph.pdf
143. ‘Terrorism and tobacco’, 29 June 2009 (www.icij.org/project/tobacco-underground/ terrorism-and-tobacco)
144. ‘The 9/11 Commission Report’ released by the 9/11 Commission on 22 July 2004 (www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf)
145. www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228837/1087. pdf
146. ‘Twin brothers jailed for raising money for terrorism’, The Guardian, 1 August 2012 (www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/aug/01/twin-brothers-jailed-money-terrorism)
147. US Department of the Treasury’s entry for ‘The Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development’ (www.treasury.gov/resource-center/terrorist-illicit-finance/Pages/ protecting-charities_execorder_13224-e.aspx)
148. ‘Five Convicted in Terrorism Financing Trial’, The New York Times, 24 November 2008 (www.nytimes.com/2008/11/25/us/25charity.html?_r=0)
149. ‘Combating the Abuse of Non-Profit Organsations’, a FATF Guidance Document published on 11 October 2002 (www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/documents/ recommendations/11%20FATF%20SRIX%20BPP%20SRVIII%20October%202003%20-%20COVER%202012.pdf)
150. www.loc.gov/rr/frd/pdf-files/NarcsFundedTerrs_Extrems.pdf
151. ‘South America drug gangs funding al-Qaeda terrorists’, The Telegraph, 29 December 2010 (www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/colombia/8230134/South-American-drug-gangs-funding-al-Qaeda-terrorists.html)
152. ‘Somalia fears as US Sunrise banks stop money transfers’, BBC News, 30 December 2011 (www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-16365619)
153. ‘Looking in the wrong places’, The Economist, 20 October 2005 (www.economist.com/ node/5053373)
154. Brief and special appendix for plaintiffs-appellants (available at: www.mm-law.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Weiss-v.-National-Westminster-Bank-Appeal-Brief.pdf)
155. '2nd Circuit Oks Israeli terrorism victims’ suit against Lebanese bank’, Thomson Reuters blog, 19 November 2013 (http://blog.thomsonreuters.com/index.php/2nd-circuit-oksisraeli- terrorism-victims-suit-lebanese-bank/)
156. ‘Family of American teen killed by suicide bombing in Israel wins $332 MILLION lawsuit against Iran and Syria … but will they ever see the money?', Daily Mail, 17 May 2012 (www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2145621/Family-Daniel-Wultz-awarded-332Mjudgement-Iran-Syria-Israeli-suicide-bombing.html)
157. www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2008/December/08-crm-1145.html
158. https://casetext.com/case/united-states-vmohammed-5/
159. ‘Haji Bagcho Sentenced to Life in Prison on Drug Trafficking and Narco-Terrorism Charges’, US Department of Justice press release, 12 June 2012 (www.justice.gov/opa/ pr/2012/June/12-crm-744.html)
160. www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/tar2012.pdf.
161. ‘UN Sanctions’, a Security Council Special Research Report published in November 2013 (www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4 FF96FF9%7D/special_research_report_sanctions_2013.pdf)
162. ‘Mabey & Johnson directors made illegal payments to Sadam Hussein’s Iraq to gain contract’, SFO press release, 10 February 2011 (www.sfo.gov.uk/press-room/ press-release-archive/press-releases-2011/mabey--johnson-directors-made-illegalpayments- to-sadam-hussein’s-iraq-to-gain-contract.aspx)
163. announcement regarding HMA v Weir Group PLC (www.scotland-judiciary.org. uk/8/695/HMA-v-WEIR-GROUP-PLC)
164. Paddy Power gifts to Kim Jong-un could have broken UN sanctions’, The Telegraph, 10 January 2014 (www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/10564722/ Paddy-Power-gifts-to-Kim-Jong-un-could-have-broken-UN-sanctions.html)
165. ‘Irish Whiskey and a handbag: Paddy Power denies breaking UN sanctions with gifts for Kim Jong-un’, Independent, 10 January 2014 (www.independent.ie/world-news/ irish-whiskey-and-a-handbag-paddy-power-denies-breaking-un-sanctions-with-giftsfor- kim-jongun-29905910.html)
166. Regulations concerning restrictive measures against the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:088:0001:0011:EN:PDF
167. FSA’s Decision Notice, 2 August 2010 (www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/other/rbs_group.pdf)
168. '£750,000 fine for Royal Bank’s rules breach’, The Guardian, 18 December 2002 (www. theguardian.com/business/2002/dec/18/royalbankofscotlandgroup)
169. ‘British Businessman Christopher Tappin Sentenced To Federal Prison For Aiding and Abetting The Illegal Export of Defence Articles’, US Attorney’s Office for Western District of Texas press release, 9 January 2013 (www.justice.gov/usao/txw/news/2013/ Tappin_El%20Paso_sen.html)
170. Deferred Prosecution Agreement, USA v Barclays Bank Plc, filed 16 August 2010 (available at: http://legaltimes.typepad.com/files/dpa_barclays.pdf)
171. Deferred Prosecution Agreement, USA v The former ABN Amro Bank NV now known as The Royal Bank of Scotland NV, filed 10 May 2010 (available at: www.gibsondunn. com/publications/Documents/ABNAmroDPA.pdf)
172. Deferred Prosecution Agreement, USA v ING Bank NV, filed 12 June 2012 (available at:www.frank-cs.org/cms/pdfs/DOJ/DOJ_ING_12.6.12.pdf)
173. Deferred Prosecution Agreement, USA v Standard Chartered Bank, 7 December 2012 (available at: www.steptoe.com/assets/htmldocuments/1.%20114-1-Standard-Chartered-Bank-DPA(2).pdf)
174. Benjamin M. Lawsky, Superintendent of Financial Services, Regarding Standard Chartered Bank, 14 August 2012 (www.dfs.ny.gov/about/press/ pr1208141.htm)
175. Agreement in the Matter of Deloitte Financial Advisory Services LLP, 18 June 2013 (www.dfs.ny.gov/about/press2013/pr20130618-deloitte.pdf)
176. Settlement Agreement with Department of the Treasury, 11 December 2013 (www. treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/CivPen/Documents/12112013_rbs_settle.pdf)
177. (www.dfs.ny.gov/about/press2013/131211-rbs.pdf)
178. www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/press/ enforcement/enf20131211a2.pdf
179. Statement of Facts, USA v BNP Paribas SA, 28 June 2014 (www.justice.gov/usao/nys/ pressreleases/June14/bnppsupportingdocs/BNP%20Paribas%20Statement%20of%20 Facts.pdf)
180. www.starbucks.co.uk/our-commitment
181. ‘Starbucks "pays £8.6m tax on £3bn sales"', The Guardian, 15 October 2012 (www.theguardian. com/business/2012/oct/15/starbucks-tax-uk-sales)
182. ‘Starbucks, Amazon and Google grilled by MPs on tax’, Channel 4 News, 12 November 2012 (www.channel4. com/news/starbucks-amazon-and-google-grilled-by-mps-on-tax)
183. Helvering, Com’r of Internal Revenue v Gregory (1935) (available at: www.uniset.ca/other/cs5/69F2d809.html)
184. ‘Measuring tax gaps 2013', HMRC report available at www.hmrc.gov.uk/statistics/taxgaps/ mtg-2013.pdf
185. European Parliament’s ‘Draft Report on Fight against Tax Fraud, Tax Evasion and Tax Havens’, dated 29 January 2013 (www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/ getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+COMPARL+PE-504.066+01+DOC+PDF+V0// EN&language=EN)
186. ‘Offshore Tax Evasion: The Effort to Collect Unpaid Taxes on Billions in Hidden Offshore Accounts’, a report released by the US Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations on 26 February 2014 (www.hsgac.senate.gov/subcommittees/ investigations/hearings/offshore-tax-evasion-the-effort-to-collect-unpaidtaxes- on-billions-in-hidden-offshore-accounts)
187. www.saffery.com/news-and-events/press-releases/2014/19-march-2014-1.aspx
188. ‘Osborne plans to take "pay now, argue later" approach with rich tax avoiders’, The Guardian, 19 March 2014 (www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/mar/19/osborne-paynow- argue-later-tax-avoiders)
189. ‘The Cup Trust’, a report by the Comptroller and Auditor General, 4 December 2013 (www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/10299-001-Cup-Trust-Book-Copy.pdf)
190. ‘Court shuts down £400m tax avoidance scheme’, CityWire, 28 February 2013 (http:// citywire.co.uk/new-model-adviser/court-shuts-down-400m-tax-avoidance-scheme/ a662151)
191. ‘Former Quellos Executives Sentenced in Offshore Tax Shelter Scam Involving More Than $9.6 billion in Phony Stock Sales’, a US Attorney’s Office for the Western District of Washington press release, 28 January 2011 (www.justice.gov/usao/waw/press/2011/ jan/quellos.html)
192. Senator Carl Levin’s Opening Statement at the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations’ Hearing: www.levin.senate.gov/newsroom/speeches/speech/openingstatement- at-psi-hearing-offshore-profit-shifting-and-the-us-tax-code
193. Bill Sample’s Statement at: www.hsgac.senate.gov/download/?id=602db197-1a9b-4b3b-89dd-86bacd82eb83
194. ' "Dutch sandwich grows" as Google shifts €8.8bn to Bermuda’, Financial Times, 10 October 2013 (www.ft.com/cms/s/0/89acc832-31cc-11e3-a16d-00144feab7de. html#axzz2ySxUZwwK)
195. ‘Google pays $55 million tax in Britain on 2012 sales of $5 billion’, Reuters, 30 September 2013 (http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/09/30/us-google-tax-britainidUKBRE98T0L120130930)
196. ‘Google boss: I’m very proud of our tax avoidance scheme’, The Independent, 13 December 2012 (www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/google-boss-im-veryproud- of-our-tax-avoidance-scheme-8411974.html)
197. ‘Google UK boss Matt Brittin fights back over tax payments’, The Telegraph, 27 November 2012 (www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/tax/9707121/Google-UK-boss-Matt-Brittin-fightsback- over-tax-payments.html)
198. ‘U.S. Tax Shelter Industry: The Role of Accountants, Lawyers, and Financial Professionals - Four KPMG Case Studies’, a report released by the US Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations on 18&20 November 2003 (www.levin.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/suppo rting/2003/111803TaxShelterReport.pdf)
199. ‘Tax Haven Banks And U.S. Tax Compliance’, a report released by the US Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations on 17 July 2008 (www.hsgac.senate.gov/download/ report-psi-staff-report-tax-haven-banks-and-us-tax-compliance-july-17-2008)
200. UBS press release, 18 February 2009: www.ubs.com/global/de/about_ubs/media/ global/releases/news_display_media_global.html/en/2009/02/18/2009_02_18a.html
201. ‘Swiss Bank Pleads Guilty In Manhattan Federal Court To Conspiracy To Evade Taxes’, US Attorney’s Office for Southern District of New York press release, 3 January 2013 (www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/January13/WegelinPleaPR.php)
202. ‘Wegelin & Co.‘s Reply To the Government’s Sentencing Memorandum’ (www.wenag. ch/documents/Wegelin_Reply_Memorandum.pdf), 28 February 2013
203. ‘Offshore Tax Evasion: The Effort to Collect Unpaid Taxes on Billions in Hidden Offshore Accounts’, a report released by the US Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations on 26 February 2014 (www.hsgac.senate.gov/subcommittees/investigations/hearings/ offshore-tax-evasion-the-effort-to-collect-unpaid-taxes-on-billions-in-hidden-offshore- accounts)
204. USA v Andreas Markus Bachmann submitted 11 March 2014 (available at: www.woodllp.com/Publications/Articles/pdf/Bachmann_Statement.pdf)
205. Statement of Credit Suisse available at: www.hsgac.senate.gov/download/?id=39a9fca2-2253-4d97-8116-51e87659dbdb
206. Credit Suisse CEO Brady Dougan quoted in: www.credit-suisse.com/investors/doc/ csg_resultssummary_2q14_en.pdf
207. ‘Jimmy Carr tax affairs "morally wrong" - Cameron’, BBC News, 20 June 2012 (www. bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-18521468)
208. ‘Tax avoidance schemes "utterly immoral", says Hodge’, BBC News, 6 December 2012 (www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-20624848) and Prime Minister David Cameron’s speech to the World Economic Forum in Davos found at: www.gov.uk/government/speeches/ prime-minister-david-camerons-speech-to-the-world-economic-forum-in-davos
209. www.barclays.com/content/dam/barclayspublic/ docs/InvestorRelations/IRNewsPresentations/2013Presentations/Antony-Jenkinsspeech. pdf
210. ‘Economic Inclusion and Financial Integrity-an Address to the Conference on Inclusive Capitalism’, a speech by Christine Lagarde, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, 27 May 2014 (www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2014/052714.htm)
211. ‘Inclusive capitalism: creating a sense of the systemic’, a speech by Mark Carney, Governor of the Bank of England, 27 May 2014 (www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/ Documents/speeches/2014/speech731.pdf)
212. ‘The Co-operative Group: Report of the Independent Governance Review’, by Paul Myners, 7 May 2014 (www.co-operative.coop/PageFiles/989348879/Report_of_the_ Independent_Governance_Review.pdf)
213. Paul Moore’s memo published in Financial Times, 11 February 2009 (www.ft.com/ cms/s/0/fca6a706-f81d-11dd-aae8-000077b07658.html#axzz2x3zD3R3t)
214. Treasury Select Committee’s Examination of Witnesses at: www.publications. parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmtreasy/144/09021002.htm
215. Andy Hornby’s corporate profile at:www.pharmacy2u.co.uk/ourteam.html
216. ‘HSBC’s money-laundering crackdown riddled with lapses’, Reuters, 13 July 2012 (http:// mobile.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSBRE86C18H20120714?i=7&irpc=932)
217. ‘In Credit Suisse Settlement, a Question of Justice’, The New York Times, 21 May 2014 (http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/05/21/in-credit-suisse-settlement-a-question-ofjustice/?_ php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0)
218. ‘Inclusive capitalism: creating a sense of the systemic’, a speech by Mark Carney, Governor of the Bank of England, 27 May 2014 (www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/ Documents/speeches/2014/speech731.pdf)
219. City of London’s research at: www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/business/economic-research- and-information/statistics/Pages/Research%20FAQs.aspx and Select USA’s research at: http://selectusa.commerce.gov/industry-snapshots/financial-servicesindustry- united-states
220. ‘Total Tax Contribution of UK Financial Services Sixth Edition’, a research report prepared for the City of London Corporation by PwC, December 2013 (www.cityoflondon. gov.uk/business/economic-research-and-information/research-publications/ Documents/research-2013/total-tax-contribution-of-uk-financial-services-sixth-edition. pdf)
221. ‘Wall Street less important to US economy than thought’, Financial Times, 11 March 2014 (www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c1ec53b4-a938-11e3-9b71-00144feab7de.html?siteedition= uk#axzz31RhKCyAj)