African Americans

A Companion to Colonial America

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 138-171

  Morgan, Philip D ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

African Americans; Scholars; Slave trade; Slavery; Spiritual life

Indexed keywords

EID: 84958636902     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470998496.ch7     Document Type: Chapter

References (263)

1. Abrahams, Roger D.: Singing the Master: The Emergence of African-American Culture in the Plantation South (New York: Pantheon Books, 1992).
2. Andrews, William L.: To Tell a Free Story: The First Century of Afro-American Autobiography, 1760-1865 (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1988).
3. Armstrong, Douglas V.: The Old Village and the Great House: An Archaeological and Historical Examination of Drax Hall Plantation, St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1990).
4. Austin, Allan D.: African Muslims in Antebellum America: Transatlantic Stories and Spiritual Struggles (New York: Routledge, 1997) and for a fuller, but more dated, version, see African Muslims in Antebellum America: A Sourcebook (New York: Garland Publishing, 1984).
5. Ball, Edward: Slaves in the Family (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1998).
6. Barker, Anthony J.: The African Link: British Attitudes to the Negro in the Era of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1550-1807 (London: Frank Cass, 1978).
7. Barry, Boubacar: Senegambia and the Atlantic Slave Trade (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
8. Baum, Robert M.: Shrines of the Slave Trade: Diola Religion and Society in Precolonial Senegambia (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999).
9. Beckles, Hilary: White Servitude and Black Slavery in Barbados, 1627-1715 (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1989a).
10. Beckles, Hilary: Natural Rebels: A Social History of Enslaved Black Women in Barbados (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1989b).
11. Bennett, J. Harry: Bondsmen and Bishops: Slavery and Apprenticeship on the Codrington Plantations of Barbados, 1710-1838 (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1958).
12. Berlin, Ira: Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998).
13. Berlin, Ira and Morgan, Philip D., eds. : Cultivation and Culture: Labor and the Shaping of Slave Life in the Americas (Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia, 1993).
14. Bernhard, Virginia: Slaves and Slaveholders in Bermuda, 1616-1782 (Columbia, MO : University of Missouri Press, 1999).
15. Bernstein, Cynthia, Nunnelly, Thomas, and Sabino, Robin, eds.: Language Variety in the South Revisited (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1997).
16. Blackburn, Robin: The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern 1492-1800 (London: Verso, 1997).
17. Bolster, W. Jeffrey: Black Jacks: African American Seamen in the Age of Sail (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997).
18. Bontemps, Alex: The Punished Self: Surviving Slavery in the Colonial South (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001).
19. Brathwaite, Edward: The Development of Creole Society in Jamaica, 1770-1820 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971).
20. Brown, Christopher L. and Morgan, Philip D., eds.: The Arming of Slaves: From Classical Times to the Modern Age (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, forthcoming).
21. Brown, Kathleen M.: Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs: Gender, Race, and Power in Colonial Virginia (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1996).
22. Bugner, Ladislas, ed. : The Image of the Black in Western Art, vol. 1, From the Pharaohs to the Fall of the Roman Empire, ed. Jean Vercoutter et al.; vol. 2, From the Early Christian Era to the "Age of Discovery", pt. 1, From the Demonic Threat to the Incarnation of Sainthood, ed. Jean Devisse, pt. 2, Africans in the Christian Ordinance of the World (Fourteenth to the Sixteenth Century), ed. Jean Devisse and Michel Mollat; vol. 3, Africa and Europe: Sixteenth to Eighteenth Century (forthcoming); vol. 4, From the American Revolution to World War I, pt. I, Slaves and Liberators, pt. 2, Black Models and White Myths, ed. Hugh Honour (Lausanne, Switz.: Menil Foundation, 1976-1979 (vols 1-2); Cambridge, MA: Menil Foundation and Harvard University Press, 1989 (vol. 4)).
23. Buisseret, David, and Reinhardt, Steven G., eds.: Creolization in the Americas (College Station, TX: Texas A&M Press, 2000).
24. Bush, Barbara: Slave Women in Caribbean Society, 1650-1838 (London: James Currey Ltd, 1990).
25. Butler, Jon: Awash in a Sea of Faith: Christianizing the American People (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990).
26. Carney, Judith A.: Black Rice: The African Origins of Rice Cultivation in the Americas (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001).
27. Carretta, Vincent, ed.: Unchained Voices: An Anthology of Black Authors in the English-Speaking World of the Eighteenth Century (Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1996).
28. Carretta, Vincent and Gould, Philip, eds.: "Genius in Bondage": A Critical Anthology of the Literature of the Early Black Atlantic (Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2001).
29. Clark, Emily: "A New World Community: The New Orleans Ursulines and Colonial Society, 1727-1803" (Ph.D. dissertation, Tulane University, 1998).
30. Clinton, Catherine and Gillespie, Michele, eds.: The Devil's Lane: Sex and Race in the Early South (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997).
31. Cohen, David W. and Greene, Jack P., eds.: Neither Slave Nor Free: The Freedmen of African Descent in the Slave Societies of the New World (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972).
32. Craton, Michael: Searching for the Invisible Man: Slaves and Plantation Life in Jamaica (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978).
33. Craton, Michael: Testing the Chains: Resistance to Slavery in the British West Indies (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1982).
34. Craton, Michael and Saunders, Gail: Islanders in the Stream: A History of the Bahamian People, vol. 1, From Aboriginal Times to the End of Slavery (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1992).
35. Davis, David Brion: The Problem of Slavey in Western Culture (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1975).
36. Degler, Carl: Neither Black nor White: Slavery and Race Relations in Brazil and the United States (New York: Macmillan, 1971).
37. Din, Gilbert C.: Spaniards, Planters, and Slaves: The Spanish Regulation of Slavery in Louisiana (College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 1999).
38. Diouf, Sylviane: Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in the Americas (New York: New York University Press, 1998).
39. Dunn, Richard S.: Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624-1713 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1972).
40. Elkins, Stanley M. : Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1959).
41. Eltis, David: The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
42. Eltis, David and Richardson, David, eds.: Routes to Slavery: Direction, Ethnicity and Mortality in the Transatlantic Slave Trade (London: Frank Cass, 1997).
43. Eltis, David, Behrendt, Stephen D., Richardson, David, and Klein, Herbert S., eds.: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: A Database on CD-Rom (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
44. Epstein, Dena J.: Sinful Tunes and Spirituals: Black Folk Music to the Civil War (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1977).
45. Equiano, Olaudah: The Interesting Narrative and Other Writings, ed. Vincent Carretta (New York: Penguin Putnam Inc., 1995).
46. Erickson, Peter and Hulse, Clark, eds.: Early Modern Visual Culture: Representation, Race, and Empire in Renaissance England (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000).
47. Essah, Patience: A House Divided: Slavery and Emancipation in Delaware, 1638-1865 (Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia, 1996).
48. Ferguson, Leland: Uncommon Ground: Archaeology and Early African America, 1650-1800 (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992).
49. Fogel, Robert William: Without Consent or Contract: The Rise and Fall of American Slavery (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989).
50. Franklin, John Hope and Schweninger, Loren: Runaway Slaves: Rebels on the Plantation (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999).
51. Franklin, Maria: "Out of Site, Out of Mind: The Archaeology of an Enslaved Virginian Household, ca. 1740-1778" (Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1997).
52. Fredrickson, George M.: White Supremacy: A Comparative Study in American and South African History (New York: Oxford University Press, 1981).
53. Frey, Sylvia R. and Wood, Betty: Come Shouting to Zion: African American Protestantism in the American South and British Caribbean to 1830 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1998).
54. Gaspar, David Barry: Bondsmen and Rebels: A Study of Master-Slave Relations from Antigua with Implications for Colonial British America (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985).
55. Gaspar, David Barry and Hine, Darlene Clark, eds.: More than Chattel: Black Women and Slavery in the Americas (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1996).
56. Gates, Henry Louis, Jr.: The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African-American Literary Criticism (NewYork: Oxford University Press, 1988).
57. Gomez, Michael A.: Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press,1998).
58. Goveia, Elsa V.: Slave Society in the British Leeward Islands at the End of the Eighteenth Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1965).
59. Greene, Lorenzo Johnston: The Negro in Colonial New England (New York: Columbia University Press, 1942).
60. Guasco, Michael J.: "Encounters, Identities, and Human Bondage: The Foundations of Racial Slavery in the Anglo-Atlantic World" (Ph.D. dissertation, College of William and Mary, 2000).
61. Gutman, Herbert G.: The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750-1925 (Oxford: Blackwell,1976).
62. Hadden, Sally E.: Slave Patrols: Law and Violence in Virginia and the Carolinas (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001).
63. Hall, Douglas: In Miserable Slavery: Thomas Thistlewood in Jamaica, 1750-86 (London:Macmillan, 1989).
64. Hall, Gwendolyn Midlo: Africans in Colonial Louisiana: The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth Century (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1992).
65. Hall, Gwendolyn Midlo: Databases for the Study of Afro-Louisiana History and Genealogy 1699-1860: Computerized Information from Original Manuscript Sources (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2000).
66. Hall, Kim F.: Things of Darkness: Economies of Race and Gender in Early Modern England (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995).
67. Handler, Jerome S. and Lange, Frederick: Plantation Slavery in Barbados: An Archaeological and Historical Investigation (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978).
68. Hanger, Kimberly: Bounded Lives, Bounded Places: Free Black Society in Colonial New Orleans, 1769-1803 (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997).
69. Hannaford, Ivan: Race: The History of an Idea in the West (Washington, DC: The Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996).
70. Harms, Robert: River of Wealth, River of Sorrows: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500-1891 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1981).
71. Hastings, Adrian: The Church in Africa, 1450-1950 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994).
72. Haviser, Jay B., ed.: African Sites: Archaeology in the Caribbean (Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers, 1999).
73. Heckscher, Jurretta Jordan: "All the Mazes of the Dance': Black Dancing, Culture, and Identity in the Greater Chesapeake World from the Early Eighteenth Century to the Civil War" (Ph.D. dissertation, George Washington University, 2000).
74. Higman, B. W.: Slave Populations of the British Caribbean 1807-1834 (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984a).
75. Higman, B. W.: Montpelier, Jamaica: A Plantation Community in Slavery and Freedom, 1739-1912 (Kingston: The University Press of the West Indies, 1998).
76. Hodes, Martha, ed.: Sex, Love, Race: Crossing Boundaries in North American History (NewYork: New York University Press, 1999).
77. Hodges, Graham Russell: Slavery and Freedom in the Rural North: African-Americans in Monmouth County, New Jersey, 1665-1865 (Madison, WI: Madison House, 1997).
78. Hodges, Graham Russell: Root & Branch: African Americans in New York &East Jersey, 1613-1863 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1999).
79. Holm, John A.: Pidgins and Creoles, I, Theory and Structure and II, Reference Survey (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988-89).
80. Ingersoll, Thomas N.: Mammon and Manon in Early New Orleans: The First Slave Society in the Deep South, 1718-1819 (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1999).
81. John, Ann Meredith: The Plantation Slaves of Trinidad, 1783-1816 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).
82. Johnson, Walter: Soul by Soul: Life inside the Antebellum Slave Market (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999).
83. Jordan, Winthrop D.: White over Black: American Attitudes toward the Negro, 1550-1812 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1968).
84. Kay, Marvin L. Michael and Cary, Lorin Lee: Slavery in North Carolina, 1748-1775 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1995).
85. King, Wilma: Stolen Childhood: Slave Youth in Nineteenth-Century America (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1995).
86. Klein, Herbert S.: Slavery in the Americas: A Comparative Study of Cuba and Virginia (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967).
87. Klein, Herbert S.: The Atlantic Slave Trade (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
88. Klein, Martin A.: Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
89. Knight, Franklin W., ed.: The Slave Societies of the Caribbean, vol. 3, General History of the Caribbean (London: Unesco Publishing/Macmillan, 1997).
90. Knight, Franklin W. and Liss, Peggy K., eds.: Atlantic Port Cities: Economy, Culture, and Society in the Atlantic World, 1650-1850 (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1991).
91. Kolchin, Peter: Unfree Labor: American Slavery and Russian Serfdom (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987).
92. Kolchin, Peter: American Slavery, 1619-1877 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1993).
93. Komlos, John: The Biological Standard of Living in Europe and America, 1700-1900: Studies in Anthropometric History (Aldershot, England: Variorum, 1996).
94. Kopytoff, Igor and Miers, Suzanne, eds.: Slavery in Africa: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1977).
95. Krise, Thomas W., ed.: Caribbeana: An Anthology of English Literature of the West Indies, 1657-1777 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999).
96. Kulikoff, Allan: Tobacco and Slaves: The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1986).
97. Kupperman, Karen Ordahl: Providence Island, 1630-1641: The Other Puritan Colony (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
98. Lalla, Barbara and D'Costa, Jean: Language in Exile: Three Hundred Years of Jamaican Creole (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1990).
99. Landers, Jane G., ed.: Against the Odds: Free Blacks in the Slave Societies of the Americas (London: Frank Cass, 1996).
100. Landers, Jane: Black Society in Spanish Florida (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1999).
101. Law, Robin: The Slave Coast of West Africa: The Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on an African Society (Oxford: Clarendon, 1991).
102. Lewis, Bernard: Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990).
103. Lewis, Jan Ellen and Onuf, Peter S., eds.: Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson: History, Memory, and Civic Culture (Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia, 1999).
104. Lewis, Ronald L.: Coal, Iron, and Slaves: Industrial Slavery in Maryland and Virginia, 1715-1865 (Westport, CT: Garland Press, 1979).
105. Linebaugh, Peter and Rediker, Marcus: The Many-Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners, and the Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 2000).
106. Lovejoy, Paul E.: Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
107. Lucas, Marion B.: A History of Blacks in Kentucky, vol. 1, From Slavery to Segregation, 1760-1891 (Frankfort, KY: The Kentucky Historical Society, 1992).
108. Malcolmson, Scott L.: One Drop of Blood: The American Misadventure of Race (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 2000).
109. Manning, Patrick: Slavery and African Life: Occidental, Oriental, and African Slave Trades (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
110. Matar, Nabil: Turks, Moors, and Englishmen in the Age of Discovery (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999).
111. McDonald, Roderick A.: The Economy and Material Conditions of Slaves: Goods and Chattels on the Sugar Plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1993).
112. Melish, Joanne Pope: Disowning Slavery: Gradual Emancipation and "Race" in New England, 1780-1860 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998).
113. Miers, Suzanne and Kopytoff, Igor, eds.: Slavery in Africa: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1977).
114. Miller, Joseph C., ed.: Slavery and Slaving in World History: A Bibliography, 1900-1996, 2 vols (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1999).
115. Mintz, Sidney W. and Price, Richard: The Birth of African-American Culture (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1992).
116. Morgan, Edmund S.: American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia (New York: W. W. Norton, 1975).
117. Morgan, Philip D.: Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1998).
118. Morris, Thomas D.: Southern Slavery and the Law, 1619-1860 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1996).
119. Mullin, Gerald W.: Flight and Rebellion: Slave Resistance in Eighteenth-Century Virginia (New York: Oxford University Press, 1972).
120. Mullin, Michael: Africa in America: Slave Acculturation in the American South and the British Caribbean, 1736-1831 (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1992).
121. Nash, Gary B.: Forging Freedom: The Formation of Philadelphia's Black Community, 1720-1840 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987).
122. Northrup, David: Trade Without Rulers: Pre-Colonial Economic Development in South-Eastern Nigeria (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978).
123. Nwokeji, G. Ugo: "The Biafran Frontier: Trade, Slaves, and Society, c. 1750-1905" (Ph.D.dissertation, University of Toronto, 1999).
124. Olwell, Robert: Masters, Slaves, & Subjects: The Culture of Power in the South Carolina Low Country, 1740-1790 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998).
125. Olwig, Karen Fog: Cultural Adaptation and Resistance on St. John: Three Centuries of Afro-Caribbean Life (Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press, 1985).
126. Palmie, Stephan, ed.: Slave Cultures and the Cultures of Slavery (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1995).
127. Patterson, Orlando: The Sociology of Slavery: An Analysis of the Origins, Development, and Structure of Negro Slave Society in Jamaica (Rutherford, NJ: Farleigh Dickinson University Press,1969 [1967]).
128. Patterson, Orlando: Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982).
129. Patterson, Orlando: Freedom, vol. 1, Freedom in the Making of Western Culture (New York: Basic Books, 1991).
130. Patton, Sharon F.: African-American Art (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998).
131. Perdue, Theda: Slavery and the Evolution of Cherokee Society, 1540-1866 (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1979).
132. Perkins, Elizabeth A. : Border Life: Experience and Memory in the Revolutionary Ohio Valley (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1998).
133. Phillips, William D. Jr. : Slavery from Roman Times to the Early Transatlantic Trade (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1985).
134. Piersen, William D.: Black Yankees: The Development of an Afro-American Subculture in Eighteenth-Century New England (Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1988).
135. Potkay, Adam and Burr, Sandra, eds.: Black Atlantic Writers of the 18th Century: Living the Exodus in England and the Americas (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995)
136. Price, Richard, ed.: Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas, 2nd ed. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979).
137. Roberts, Richard: Warriors, Merchants, and Slaves (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1987).
138. Saillant, John: Black Puritan, Black Republican: Faith and Antislavery in the Life of Lemuel Haynes, 1753-1833 (New York: Oxford University Press, forthcoming).
139. Saunt, Claudio: A New Order of Things: Property, Power, and the Transformation of the Creek Indians, 1733-1816 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
140. Schwartz, Marie Jenkins: Born in Bondage: Growing up Enslaved in the Antebellum South (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000).
141. Schwarz, Philip J.: Twice Condemned: Slaves and Criminal Laws of Virginia, 1705-1865 (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1988).
142. Searing, James F.: West African Slavery and Atlantic Commerce: The Senegal Valley, 1700-1860 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
143. Sensbach, Jon F.: A Separate Canaan: The Making of an Afro-Moravian World in North Carolina, 1763-1840 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1998).
144. Shepherd, Verene, and Hilary McD. Beckles, eds.: Caribbean Slavery in the Atlantic World: A Student Reader (Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener, 2000).
145. Sheridan, Richard B.: Doctors and Slaves: A Medical and Demographic History of Slavery in the British West Indies, 1680-1834 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985).
146. Sidbury, James: Ploughshares into Swords: Race, Rebellion, and Identity in Gabriel's Virginia, 1730-1810 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
147. Singleton, Theresa A.: "I, Too, Am America": Archaeological Studies of African-American Life (Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1999).
148. Sobel, Mechal: Trabelin' On: The Slave Journey to an Afro-Baptist Faith (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1979).
149. Sobel, Mechal: The World They Made Together: Black and White Values in Eighteenth-Century Virginia (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987).
150. Solow, Barbara L., ed.: Slavery and the Rise of the Atlantic System (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
151. Spear, Jennifer M.: "Whiteness and the Purity of Blood': Race, Sexuality, and Social Order in Colonial Louisiana" (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota, 1999).
152. Tannenbaum, Frank: Slave and Citizen: The Negro in the Americas (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1946).
153. Taylor, Quintart: In Search of the Racial Frontier: African Americans in the American West, 1528-1990 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1998).
154. Thornton, John: Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1800, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998a).
155. Tobin, Beth Fowkes: Picturing Imperial Power: Colonial Subjects in Eighteenth-Century British Painting (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1999).
156. Turley, David: Slavery (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000).
157. Usner, Daniel: Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in a Frontier Exchange Economy: The Lower Mississippi Valley before 1803 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1992).
158. Vaughan, Alden T.: Roots of American Racism: Essays on the Colonial Experience (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995).
159. Vlach, John Michael: The Afro-American Tradition in Decorative Arts (Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978).
160. Vlach, John Michael: Back of the Big House: The Architecture of Plantation Slavery (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1993).
161. Walsh, Lorena S.: From Calabar to Carter's Grove: The History of a Virginia Slave Community (Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1997).
162. Ward, J. R.: British West Indian Slavery, 1750-1834: The Process of Amelioration (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988).
163. Weber, David: The Spanish Frontier in North America (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992).
164. Welch, Pedro V.: "The Urban Context of the Slave Plantation System" (Ph.D. dissertation, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, 1995).
165. Wheatley, Phillis: Complete Writings, ed. Vincent Carretta (New York: Penguin Putnam, 2001).
166. Wheeler, Roxann: The Complexion of Race: Categories of Difference in Eighteenth-Century British Culture (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000).
167. White, Shane and White, Graham: Stylin': African American Expressive Culture from its Beginnings to the Zoot Suit (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998).
168. Wiencek, Henry: The Hairstons: An American Family in Black and White (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999).
169. Williams, William H.: Slavery and Freedom in Delaware, 1639-1865 (Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, Inc., 1996).
170. Wood, Betty: Slavery in Colonial Georgia, 1730-1775 (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1984).
171. Wood, Betty: Women's Work, Men's Work: The Informal Slave Economies of Low country Georgia (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1995).
172. Wood, Betty: The Origins of American Slavery: Freedom and Bondage in the English Colonies (New York: Hill and Wang, 1997).
173. Wood, Marcus: Blind Memory: Visual Representations of Slavery in England and America, 1780-1865 (New York: Routledge, 2000).
174. Wood, Peter H.: Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1974).
175. Wyatt-Brown, Bertram: The Shaping of Southern Culture: Honor, Grace, and War, 1760s-1880s (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2001). Articles and Essays
176. "AHR Forum: Crossing Slavery's Boundaries." With contributions from David Brion Davis, Peter Kolchin, Rebecca J. Scott, and Stanley L. Engerman. American Historical Review 105 (2000), pp. 451-84.
177. Austen, Ralph A.: "The Slave Trade as History and Memory: Confrontations of Slaving Voyage Documents and Communal Traditions." William and Mary Quarterly [hereafter, WMQ] 3rd ser., 58 (2001), pp. 229-51.
178. Aylmer, G. E.: "Slavery under Charles II: The Mediterranean and Tangier." English Historical Review 114 (1999), pp. 378-88.
179. Behrendt, Stephen D.: "Markets, Transaction Cycles, and Profits: Merchant Decision Making in the British Slave Trade." WMQ3rd ser., 58 (2001), pp. 171-204.
180. Behrendt, Stephen D., Eltis, David, and Richardson, David: "The Costs of Coercion: African Agency in the Pre-modern Atlantic World." Economic History Review 14 (2001), pp. 454-76.
181. Bezis-Selfa, John: "Slavery and the Disciplining of Free Labor in the Colonial Mid-Atlantic Iron Industry." Pennsylvania History 64, special supplemental issue (Summer, 1997), pp. 270-86.
182. Bowen, Joanne: "Foodways in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake." In Theodore R. Reinhart, ed., The Archaeology of Eighteenth-Century Virginia (Richmond, VA: Archaeological Society of Virginia, 1996), pp. 87-130.
183. Braund, Kathryn E. Holland: "The Creek Indians, Blacks, and Slavery." Journal of Southern History 57 (1991), pp. 601-37.
184. Brown, Christopher L.: "Empire without Slaves: British Concepts of Emancipation in the Age of the American Revolution." WMQ3rd ser., 56 (1999), pp. 273-306.
185. Brown, Kathleen: "Native Americans and Early Modern Concepts of Race." In Martin Daunton and Rick Halpern, eds., Empire and Others: British Encounters with Indigenous Peoples, 1600-1800 (London: University College London Press, 1999), pp. 79-100.
186. Burnard, Trevor: "E Pluribus Plures: African Ethnicities in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Jamaica." Jamaican Historical Review (forthcoming, 2000).
187. Burnard, Trevor: "Slave Naming Patterns: Onomastics and the Taxonomy of Race in Eighteenth-Century Jamaica." Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 31 (Winter 2001), pp. 325-46.
188. Burnard, Trevor and Morgan, Kenneth: "The Dynamics of the Slave Market and Slave Purchasing Patterns in Jamaica, 1655-1788." WMQ3rd ser., 58 (2001), pp. 205-28.
189. Carretta, Vincent: "Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa? New Light on an Eighteenth-Century Question of Identity." Slavery and Abolition: A Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies [hereafter Slavery & Abolition] 20 (1999), pp. 96-105.
190. Clark, Emily and Gould, Virginia Meacham: "The Feminine Face of Afro-Catholicism in New Orleans, 1727-1852." WMQ3rd ser., 59 (2002), pp. 409-48.
191. Cody, Cheryl Ann: "There was no 'Absalom' on the Ball Plantations: Slave-Naming Practices in the South Carolina Low Country, 1720-1865." American Historical Review 92 (1987), pp. 563-96.
192. "Constructing Race: Differentiating Peoples in the Early Modern World." With contributions from David Brion Davis, Alden T. Vaughan and Virginia Mason Vaughan, Emily C. Bartels, Robin Blackburn, Benjamin Braude, James H. Sweet, Jennifer L. Morgan, Karen Ordahl Kupperman, and Joyce E. Chaplin: WMQ3rd ser., 54 (1997).
193. Craton, Michael: "Changing Patterns of Slave Families in the British West Indies." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 10 (1979), pp. 1-35.
194. Davis, David Brion: "At the Heart of Slavery." New York Review of Books (Oct. 17 1996), pp. 51-4.
195. Davis, Robert Charles: "Counting European Slaves on the Barbary Coast". Past and Present 172 (Aug. 2001), pp. 87-124.
196. Desrochers, Robert E.: "Souls for Money: Slave-for-sale Advertisements and Slavery in Massachusetts, 1704-1760." WMQ(forthcoming).
197. Diouf, Sylviane A.: "Sadaqa among African Muslims Enslaved in the Americas." Journal of Islamic Studies 10 (1999), pp. 22-32.
198. Dunn, Richard S.: "A Tale of Two Plantations: Slave Life at Mesopotamia in Jamaica and Mount Airy in Virginia 1799 to 1828." WMQ 3rd ser., 34 (1977), pp. 32-65.
199. Eltis, David: "The Volume and Structure of the Transatlantic Slave Trade: A Reassessment." WMQ 3rd ser., 58 (2001), pp. 17-46.
200. Engerman, Stanley L., Haines, Robin, Klein, Herbert S., and Shlomowitz, Ralph: "Transoceanic Mortality: The Slave Trade in Comparative Perspective." WMQ 3rd ser., 58 (2001), pp. 93-117.
201. Eslinger, Ellen: "The Shape of Slavery on the Kentucky Frontier, 1775-1800." Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 92 (1994), pp. 1-23.
202. Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings redux." With contributions from Jan Lewis, Joseph J. Ellis, Lucia Stanton, Peter S. Onuf, Annette Gordon-Reed, Andrew Burstein, and Fraser D. Neiman: WMQ 3rd ser., 57 (2000), pp. 121-210.
203. Gilje, Paul A. and Rock, Howard B.: "Sweep O! Sweep O!': African-American Chimney Sweeps and Citizenship in the New Nation." WMQ 3rd ser., 51 (1994), pp. 507-38.
204. Goldenberg, David M.: "The Development of the Idea of Race: Classical Paradigms and Medieval Elaborations." International Journal of the Classical Tradition 5 (1999), pp. 561-70.
205. Greene, Jack P.: "Beyond Power: Paradigm Subversion and Reformulation and the Re-creation of the Early Modern Atlantic World." In Darlene Clark Hine and Jacqueline McLeod, eds., Crossing Boundaries: Comparative History of Black People in Diaspora (Bloomington: Indiana University Press., 1999), pp. 319-42.
206. Greene, Jack P.: "A Plain and Natural Right to Life and Liberty': An Early Natural Rights Attack on the Excesses of the Slave System in Colonial British America." WMQ 3rd ser., 57 (2000), pp. 793-808.
207. Hair, P. E. H. and Law, Robin: "The English in Western Africa to 1700." In Nicholas Canny, ed., The Oxford History of the British Empire, vol. 1, The Origins of Empire: British Overseas Enterprise to the Close of the Seventeenth Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 241-63.
208. Handler, Jerome S. and Jacoby, JoAnn: "Slave Names and Naming in Barbados, 1650-1830." WMQ 3rd ser., 53 (1996), pp. 685-728.
209. Hart, William B.: "Black 'Go-Betweens' and the Mutability of 'Race,' Status, and Identity on New York's Pre-Revolutionary Frontier." In Andrew R. L. Cayton and Fredrika J. Teute, eds., Contact Points: American Frontiers from the Mohawk Valley to the Mississippi, 1750-1830 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), pp. 88-113.
210. Hawthorne, Walter: "The Production of Slaves Where There Was No State: The Guinea-Bissau region, 1450-1815." Slavery & Abolition 20 (1999), pp. 97-124.
211. Hawthorne, Walter: "Nourishing a Stateless Society during the Slave Trade: The Rise of Balanta Paddy-Rice Production in Guinea-Bissau." Journal of African History 42 (2001), pp. 1-24.
212. Higman, B. W.: "African and Creole Slave Family Patterns in Trinidad." Journal of Family History3 (1978), pp. 163-80.
213. Higman, B. W.: "Terms for Kin in the British West Indian Slave Community: Differing Perceptions of Masters and Slaves." In Raymond T. Smith, ed., Kinship Ideology and Practice in Latin America (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1984b), pp. 59-81.
214. Hudson, Nicholas: "From 'Nation' to 'Race': The Origin of Racial Classification in Eighteenth-Century Thought." Eighteenth-Century Studies 29 (1996), pp. 247-64.
215. Jacoby, Karl: "Slaves by Nature? Domestic Animals and Human Slaves." Slavery & Abolition, 15 (1994), pp. 89-97.
216. Jarvis, Michael: "Maritime Masters and Seafaring Slaves: Race, Family, and Labor on Bermuda, 1680-1783." WMQ (forthcoming).
217. Kea, Ray: "When I Die, I Shall Return to My Own Land': An 'Amina' Slave Rebellion in the Danish West Indies, 1733-1734." In John Hunwick and Nancy Lawler, eds., The Cloth of Many Colored Silks: Papers on History and Society Ghanian and Islamic in Honor of Ivor Wilks (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1992), pp. 159-93.
218. Klein, Martin A.: "The Slave Trade and Decentralized Societies." Journal of African History 42 (2001), pp. 40-65.
219. Klepp, Susan E.: "Seasoning and Society: Racial Differences in Mortality in Eighteenth-Century Philadelphia." WMQ 3rd ser., 51 (1994), pp. 473-506.
220. Kriz, Kay Dian: "Curiosities, Commodities, and Transplanted Bodies in Hans Sloane's 'Natural History of Jamaica." WMQ 3rd ser., 57 (2000), pp. 35-78.
221. Lacey, Barbara E.: "Visual Images of Blacks in Early American Imprints." WMQ 3rd ser., 53 (1996), pp. 137-80.
222. Law, Robin: "Ethnicity and the Slave Trade: 'Lucumi' and 'Nago' as Ethnonyms in West Africa.' History in Africa, 24 (1997), 205-219.
223. Law, Robin and Mann, Kristin: "West Africa in the Atlantic Community: The Case of the Slave Coast." WMQ 3rd ser., 56 (1999), pp. 307-34.
224. Lovejoy, Paul E. and Richardson, David: "Trust, Pawnship, and Atlantic History: The Institutional Foundations of the Old Calabar Slave Trade." American Historical Review 104 (1999), pp. 333-55.
225. Lovejoy, Paul E. and Richardson, David: "The Business of Slaving: Pawnship in Western Africa, c. 1600-1810." Journal of African History 42 (2001), pp. 67-89.
226. MacGaffey, Wyatt: "Dialogues of the Deaf: Europeans on the Atlantic Coast of Africa." In Stuart B. Schwartz, ed., Implicit Understandings: Observing, Reporting, and Reflecting on the Encounters between Europeans and Other Peoples in the Early Modern Era (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 249-67.
227. McLoughlin, William G.: "Red Indians, Black Slavery, and White Racism: America's Slaveholding Indians." American Quarterly 26 (1974), pp. 366-83.
228. Menard, Russell R.: "Transitions to African Slavery in British America, 1630-1730: Barbados, Virginia, and South Carolina." Indian Historical Review 15 (1988-89), pp. 33-49.
229. Menard, Russell R. and Schwartz, Stuart B.: "Why African Slavery? Labor Force Transitions in Brazil, Mexico, and the Carolina Lowcountry." In Wolfgang Binder, ed., Slavery in the Americas (Wurzburg: Konigshausen & Neumann, 1993), pp. 89-114.
230. Merrell, James H.: "The Racial Education of the Catawba Indians." Journal of Southern History 50 (1984), pp. 363-84.
231. Miller, Joseph C. and Holloran, John R.: "Slavery: Annual Bibliographical Supplement (1999)." Slavery & Abolition 21 (2000), pp. 176-283.
232. Minkema, Kenneth P.: "Jonathan Edwards on Slavery and the Slave Trade." WMQ3rd ser., 54 (1997), pp. 823-34.
233. Mintz, Sidney W.: "Slave Life on Caribbean Sugar Plantations: Some Unanswered Questions." In Stephen Palmie, ed., Slave Cultures and the Culture of Slaves (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1995), pp. 12-22.
234. Morgan, Philip D.: "Black Life in Eighteenth-Century Charleston." Perspectives in American History, 1 n.s. (1984), pp. 187-232.
235. Morgan, Philip D.: "British Encounters with Africans and African-Americans, circa 1600-1780." In Bernard Bailyn and Philip D. Morgan, eds., Strangers within the Realm: Cultural Margins of the First British Empire (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), pp. 157-219.
236. Morgan, Philip D.: "Slaves and Livestock in Eighteenth-Century Jamaica: Vineyard Pen, 1750-1751." WMQ 3rd ser., 52 (1995), pp. 47-76.
237. Morgan, Philip D.: "The Cultural Implications of the Atlantic Slave Trade: African Regional Origins, American Destinations and New World Developments," In David Eltis and David Richardson, eds., Routes to Slavery (London: Frank Cass Publishers, 1997), pp. 122-45.
238. Northrup, David: "Igbo and Myth Igbo: Culture and Ethnicity in the Atlantic World, 1600-1850." Slavery & Abolition 21 (2000), pp. 1-20.
239. Nwokeji, G. Ugo: "African Conceptions of Gender and the Slave Traffic." WMQ 3rd ser., 58 (2001), pp. 47-67.
240. Price, Richard: "The Miracle of Creolization, A Retrospective." New West Indian Guide, 75 (2001), pp. 35-64.
241. Prude, Jonathan: "To Look upon the 'Lower Sort': Runaway Ads and the Appearance of Un-free Laborers in America." Journal of American History 78 (1991), pp. 124-60.
242. Rath, Richard Cullen: "African Music in Seventeenth-Century Jamaica: Cultural Transit and Transmission." WMQ 3rd ser., 50 (1993), pp. 700-26.
243. Rath, Richard Cullen: "Drums and Power: Ways of Creolizing Music in Coastal South Carolina and Georgia, 1730-90." In David Buisseret, ed., Creolization in the Americas (College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 2000), pp. 99-130.
244. Richardson, David: "Shipboard Revolts, African Authority, and the Atlantic Slave Trade." WMQ 3rd ser., 58 (2001), pp. 69-92.
245. Rickford, John R. and Handler, Jerome S.: "Textual evidence on the nature of early Barbadian speech, 1676-1835." Journal ofPidgin and Creole Languages, 9 (1994), pp. 221-55.
246. Samford, Patricia: "The Archaeology of African-American Slavery and Material Culture." WMQ 3rd ser., 53 (1996), pp. 87-114.
247. Saunt, Claudio: "The English Has Now a Mind to Make Slaves of Them All': Creeks, Seminoles, and the Problem of Slavery." American Indian Quarterly 22 (1998), pp. 157-80.
248. Scott, Julius S.: "Afro-American Sailors and the International Communication Network: The Case of Newport Bowers." In Colin Howell and Richard J. Twomey, eds., Jack Tar in History: Essays in the History of Maritime Life and Labor (Fredericton, New Brunswick: Acadiensis Press, 1991), pp. 37-52.
249. Scott, Julius S.: "Crisscrossing Empires: Ships, Sailors, and Resistance in the Lesser Antilles in the Eighteenth Century." In Robert L. Paquette and Stanley L. Engerman, eds., The Lesser Antilles in the Eighteenth Century (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 1996), pp. 128-43.
250. Seeman, Erik R: "Justise Must Take Plase': Three African Americans Speak of Religion in Eighteenth-Century New England." WMQ 3rd ser., 56 (1999), pp. 393-414.
251. Shaw, Rosalind: "The Production of Witchcraft/Witchcraft as Production: Memory, Modernity, and the Slave Trade in Sierra Leone." American Ethnologist 24 (1997), pp. 856-76.
252. Sparks, Randy: "The Two Princes of Calabar: An Atlantic Odyssey from Slavery to Freedom." WMQ (forthcoming).
253. Steckel, Richard H.: "Nutritional Status in the Colonial American Economy." WMQ 3rd ser., 56 (1999), pp. 31-52.
254. Thornton, John: "Central African Names and African-American Naming Patterns." WMQ 3rd ser., 50 (1993), pp. 727-42.
255. Thornton, John: "The African Experience of the '20 and odd Negroes' Arriving in Virginia in 1619." WMQ 3rd ser., 55 (1998b), pp. 421-34.
256. Thornton, John: "The Coromantees: An African Cultural Group in Colonial North America and the Caribbean." Journal of Caribbean History, 32 (1998c), pp. 161-78.
257. Thornton, John K.: "War, the State, and Religious Norms in 'Coromantee' Thought: The Ideology of an African American Nation." In Robert Blair St. George, ed., Possible Pasts: Becoming Colonial in Early America (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000), pp. 181-200.
258. Usner, Daniel H., Jr.: "Indian-Black Relations in Colonial and Antebellum Louisiana." In Stephen Palmie, ed., Slave Cultures and the Culture of Slaves (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1995), pp. 145-61.
259. Waldstreicher, David: "Reading the Runaways: Self-Fashioning, Print Culture, and Confidence in Slavery in the Eighteenth-Century Mid-Atlantic." WMQ 3rd ser., 56 (1999), pp. 243-72.
260. Walsh, Lorena S.: "The African American Population of the Colonial United States." In Michael R. Haines and Richard H. Stecke, eds., A Population History of North America (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 191-240.
261. White, Shane: "It Was a Proud Day': African Americans, Festivals and Parades in the North, 1741-1834." Journal of American History 81 (1994), pp. 13-50.
262. White, Shane and White, Graham: "Us Likes a Mixtery': Listening to African-American Slave Music." Slavery & Abolition 20 (1999), pp. 22-48.
263. Whitman, Stephen T: "Industrial Slavery at the Margin: The Maryland Chemical Works." Journal of Southern History 59 (1993), pp. 31-62.