Gas-phase naphthalene concentration data recovery in ambient air and its relevance as a tracer of sources of volatile organic compounds

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 131, Issue , 2016, Pages 279-288

  Uria Tellaetxe, Iratxe ^a   Navazo, Marino ^a   de Blas, Maite ^a   Durana, Nieves ^a   Alonso, Lucio ^a   Iza, Jon ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY UPV EHU   (Spain)

Author keywords

Air quality monitoring; GC FID GC MS; Naphthalene; NMHC; VOC source apportionment

Indexed keywords

AIR QUALITY; BENZENE; BENZENE REFINING; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; COKE OVENS; DISTILLATION; ETHYLENE; GAS GENERATORS; GASES; METEOROLOGY; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

AIR QUALITY MONITORING; GC-FID/GC-MS; NMHC; RELATIVE RESPONSE FACTORS; RELATIVE RETENTION TIME; SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND (VOC);

NAPHTHALENE;

1,2,3 TRIMETHYLBENZENE; BENZENE; NAPHTHALENE; PETROLEUM DERIVATIVE; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

AEROSOL; AIR QUALITY; AMBIENT AIR; ASSESSMENT METHOD; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; BENZENE; COMBUSTION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DISTILLATION; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAS PHASE REACTION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC COMPOUND; PETROLEUM; PHOTOOXIDATION; POLLUTANT SOURCE; TOXICITY; TRACER; URBAN AREA; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

AMBIENT AIR; ARTICLE; COMBUSTION; DISTILLATION; GAS; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; URBAN AREA;

EID: 84958582300     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: 18732844     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.01.047     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Atkinson R., Arey J. Atmospheric degradation of volatile organic compounds. Chem. Rev. 2003, 103:4605-4638. 10.1021/cr0206420.
2. ATSDR Toxicological Profile for Naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 2005, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia.
3. Badol C., Locoge N., Galloo J.C. Using a source-receptor approach to characterise VOC behaviour in a French urban area influenced by industrial emissions part II: source contribution assessment using the chemical mass balance (CMB) model. Sci. Total Environ. 2008, 389:429-440. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.09.002.
4. Badol C., Locoge N., Léonardis T., Galloo J.C. Using a source-receptor approach to characterise VOC behaviour in a French urban area influenced by industrial emissions. Part I: study area description, data set acquisition and qualitative data analysis of the data set. Sci. Total Environ. 2008, 389:441-452. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.09.003.
5. Batterman S., Chin J.Y., Jia C., Godwin C., Parker E., Robins T., Max P., Lewis T. Sources, concentrations, and risks of naphthalene in indoor and outdoor air. Indoor Air 2012, 22:266-278. 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00760.x.
6. Borbon A., Locoge N., Veillerot M., Galloo J.C., Guillermo R. Characterisation of NMHCs in a French urban atmosphere: overview of the main sources. Sci. Total Environ. 2002, 292:177-191. 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01106-8.
7. Carslaw D.C., Ropkins K. Openair - an R package for air quality data analysis. Environ. Model. Softw. 2012, 27-28:52-61. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.09.008.
8. Chan A.W.H., Kautzman K.E., Chhabra P.S., Surratt J.D., Chan M.N., Crounse J.D., Kürten A., Wennberg P.O., Flagan R.C., Seinfeld J.H. Secondary organic aerosol formation from photooxidation of naphthalene and alkylnaphthalenes: implications for oxidation of intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs). Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2009, 9:3049-3060. 10.5194/acp-9-3049-2009.
9. Choi S.W., Park S.W., Lee C.S., Kim H.J., Bae S., Inyang H.I. Patterns of VOC and BTEX concentration in ambient air around industrial sources in Daegu, Korea. J. Environ. Sci. Health A. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. 2009, 44:99-107. 10.1080/10934520802515434.
10. de Blas M., Gómez M.C., Navazo M., Alonso L., Durana N., Iza J. Estimation of unidentified non-methane hydrocarbons in urban air based on highly correlated compound pairs. Atmos. Environ. 2014, 98:629-639. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.041.
11. de Blas M., Navazo M., Alonso L., Durana N., Gomez M.C., Iza J. Simultaneous indoor and outdoor on-line hourly monitoring of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in an urban building. The role of inside and outside sources. Sci. Total Environ. 2012, 426:327-335. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.003.
12. de Blas M., Navazo M., Alonso L., Durana N., Iza J. Automatic on-line monitoring of atmospheric volatile organic compounds: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection as complementary systems. Sci. Total Environ. 2011, 409:5459-5469.
13. Durana N., Navazo M., Alonso L., García J.A., Ilardia J.L., Gómez M.C., Gangoiti G. Online hourly determination of 62 VOCs in ambient air: system evaluation and comparison with another two analytical techniques. J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. 2002, 52:1176-1185. 10.1080/10473289.2002.10470857.
14. EC Directive 2004/42/CE of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on the Limitation of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds Due to the Use of Organic Solvents in Certain Paints and Varnishes and Vehicle Refinishing Products and Amendi 2004.
15. ECB European Union Risk Assessment Report: Naphthalene 2003, European Commission Joint Research Centre, European Chemicals Bureau, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, EUR 20763 EN.
16. Edwards R.D., Schweizer C., Jantunen M., Lai H.K., Bayer-Oglesby L., Katsouyanni K., Nieuwenhuijsen M., Saarela K., Sram R., Künzli N. Personal exposures to VOC in the upper end of the distribution-relationships to indoor, outdoor and workplace concentrations. Atmos. Environ. 2005, 39:2299-2307. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.12.026.
17. Eiguren-Fernandez A., Miguel A.H., Froines J.R., Thurairatnam S., Avol E.L. Seasonal and spatial variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vapor-phase and PM sub(2.5) in Southern California urban and rural communities. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2004, 38:447-455. 10.1080/02786820490449511.
18. Faiola C.L., Erickson M.H., Fricaud V.L., Jobson B.T., VanReken T.M. Quantification of biogenic volatile organic compounds with a flame ionization detector using the effective carbon number concept. Atmos. Meas. Technol. 2012, 5:1911-1923. 10.5194/amt-5-1911-2012.
19. Fernández-Martínez G., López-Mahía P., Muniategui-Lorenzo S., Prada-Rodríguez D., Fernández-Fernández E. Measurement of volatile organic compounds urban air of La Coruña, Spain. Water Air. Soil Pollut. 2001, 129:267-288.
20. Fujita E.M., Campbell D.E., Zielinska B., Sagebiel J.C., Bowen J.L., Goliff W.S., Stockwell W.R., Lawson D.R. Diurnal and weekday variations in the source contributions of ozone precursors in California's South Coast Air Basin. J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. 2003, 53(7):844-863. 10.1080/10473289.2003.10466226.
21. Gómez M.C., Durana N., Navazo M., Alonso L., García J.A., Ilardia J.L. Application of validation data tests from an on-line volatile organic compound analyser to the detection of air pollution episodes in urban areas. Anal. Chim. Acta 2004, 524:41-49. 10.1016/j.aca.2004.06.025.
22. Guo H., Cheng H.R., Ling Z.H., Louie P.K.K., Ayoko G.A. Which emission sources are responsible for the volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Pearl River Delta?. J. Hazard. Mater. 2011, 188:116-124. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.081.
23. Hamidin N., Yu J., Phung D.T., Connell D., Chu C. Volatile aromatic hydrocarbons (VAHs) in residential indoor air in Brisbane, Australia. Chemosphere 2013, 92:1430-1435. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.050.
24. Henry R.C., Chang Y.-S., Spiegelman C.H. Locating nearby sources of air pollution by nonparametric regression of atmospheric concentrations on wind direction. Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36:2237-2244. 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00164-4.
25. IARC Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthale and styrene. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 2002, World Health Organization, IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Lyon, France. 10.1002/food.19940380335.
26. IES Measurement of ozone precursor volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Proceedings of the International Expert Meeting 2004, European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, EUR 21056EN. B.R. Larsen (Ed.).
27. IPCC Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2013: the Physical Science Basis 2013, Cambridge University Press.
28. Jia C., Batterman S. A critical review of naphthalene sources and exposures relevant to indoor and outdoor air. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2010, 7:2903-2939. 10.3390/ijerph7072903.
29. Jia C., Batterman S., Godwin C. VOCs in industrial, urban and suburban neighborhoods, part 1: indoor and outdoor concentrations, variation, and risk drivers. Atmos. Environ. 2008, 42:2083-2100. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.055.
30. Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere 2007, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK. first ed., 10.1002/9780470988657. R. Koppmann (Ed.).
31. Krugly E., Martuzevicius D., Sidaraviciute R., Ciuzas D., Prasauskas T., Kauneliene V., Stasiulaitiene I., Kliucininkas L. Characterization of particulate and vapor phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor and outdoor air of primary schools. Atmos. Environ. 2014, 82:298-306. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.042.
32. Leuchner M., Rappenglück B. VOC source-receptor relationships in Houston during TexAQS-II. Atmos. Environ. 2010, 44:4056-4067. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.029.
33. Liu Y., Zhu L., Shen X. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor and outdoor air of Hangzhou, China. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35:840-844.
34. Lu R., Wu J., Turco R.P., Winer A.M., Atkinson R., Arey J., Paulson S.E., Lurmann F.W., Miguel A.H., Eiguren-Fernandez A. Naphthalene distributions and human exposure in Southern California. Atmos. Environ. 2005, 39:489-507. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.09.045.
35. Main H.H., Roberts P.T. Quantifying the contribution of important sources to ambient VOC. PAMS Data Analysis Workbook 2000, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, NC.
36. Millán M.M., Otamendi E., Alonso L., Ureta I. Experimental characterization of atmospheric diffusion in complex terrain with land-sea interactions. JAPCA 1987, 37:807-811. 10.1080/08940630.1987.10466271.
37. Ohura T., Amagai T., Fusaya M., Matsushita H. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor and outdoor environments and factors affecting their concentrations. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38:77-83. 10.1021/es030512o.
38. Pancras J.P., Vedantham R., Landis M.S., Norris G.A., Ondov J.M. Application of EPA unmix and nonparametric wind regression on high time resolution trace elements and speciated mercury in Tampa, Florida aerosol. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45:3511-3518. 10.1021/es103400h.
39. Passant N.R. Speciation of UK Emissions of Non-methane Volatile Organic Compounds 2002, UK Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions, Air and Environmental Quality Division.
40. Price P.S., Jayjock M.A. Available data on naphthalene exposures: strengths and limitations. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2008, 51:S15-S21. 10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.10.010.
41. Reisen F., Arey J. Atmospheric reactions influence seasonal PAH and nitro-PAH concentrations in the Los Angeles basin. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39:64-73. 10.1021/es035454l.
42. Saarnio K., Sillanpää M., Hillamo R., Sandell E., Pennanen A.S., Salonen R.O. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in size-segregated particulate matter from six urban sites in Europe. Atmos. Environ. 2008, 42:9087-9097. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.022.
43. Saborit Delgado J.M., Aquilina N.J., Meddings C., Baker S., Harrison R.M. Measurement of personal exposure to volatile organic compounds and particle associated PAH in three UK regions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43:4582-4588.
44. Scanlon J.T., Willis D.E. Calculation of flame ionization detector relative response factors using the effective carbon number concept. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 1985, 23:333-340. 10.1093/chromsci/23.8.333.
45. US EPA Toxicological Review of Naphthalene. In Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) 1998, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
46. US EPA Technical Assistance Document for Sampling and Analysis of Ozone Precursors 1998, US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, NC, EPA/600-R-98/161.
47. US EPA Compendium Method TO-14A: Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Ambient Air Using Specially Prepared Canisters with Subsequent Analysis by Gas Chromatography 1999, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, EPA/625/R-96/010b. Second ed.
48. US EPA Risk Assessment Document for Coke Oven MACT Residual Risk 2003.
49. US EPA Emission factor documentation for AP-42. Coke Production 2008, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, NC.
50. US EPA Air Toxics Data Analysis Workbook 2009, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, NC.
51. US EPA Revisions to the Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations Compound Target List 2013, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, NC.
52. von Schneidemesser E., Monks P.S., Plass-Duelmer C. Global comparison of VOC and CO observations in urban areas. Atmos. Environ. 2010, 44:5053-5064. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.010.
53. Wang J., Li X., Jiang N., Zhang W., Zhang R., Tang X. Long term observations of PM2.5-associated PAHs: comparisons between normal and episode days. Atmos. Environ. 2015, 104:228-236. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.026.
54. WHO WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected Pollutants 2010, WHO Regional Office for Europe, WHO European Centre for Environment and Health, Bonn.
55. Yu K.N., Cheung Y.P., Cheung T., Henry R.C. Identifying the impact of large urban airports on local air quality by nonparametric regression. Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38:4501-4507. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.034.