Considering marijuana legalization carefully: insights for other jurisdictions from analysis for Vermont

Addiction

Volumn 111, Issue 12, 2016, Pages 2082-2089

  Caulkins, Jonathan P ^a,b   Kilmer, Beau ^b  

^a CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b RAND CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

Cannabis; decriminalization; drug policy; legalization; markets; policy analysis

Indexed keywords

CANNABIS USE; CRIME; DRUG INDUSTRY; DRUG LABELING; DRUG LEGISLATION; ECONOMICS; HUMAN; LEGISLATION AND JURISPRUDENCE; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PUBLIC POLICY; TAX; VERMONT;

CRIME; DRUG INDUSTRY; DRUG LABELING; HUMANS; LEGISLATION, DRUG; MARIJUANA USE; OWNERSHIP; PUBLIC POLICY; TAXES; VERMONT;

EID: 84958280718     PISSN: 09652140     EISSN: 13600443     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/add.13289     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Vermont State Legislature Act 155 S. 247. Health; use of marijuana for therapeutic purposes. Effective 27 May 2014.
2. Caulkins J. P., Kilmer B., Kleiman M. A., MacCoun R. J., Midgette G., Oglesby P. et al. Considering marijuana legalization: insights for Vermont and other jurisdictions. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation; 2015.
3. Pacula R., MacCoun R., Reuter P., Chriqui J., Kilmer B., Harris K. et al. What does it mean to decriminalize marijuana? A cross-national empirical examination. Adv Health Econ Health Serv Res 2005; 16: 347–69.
4. Kilmer B. Do cannabis posession laws influence cannabis use? Cannabis 2002 Report. Brussels, Belgium: Ministry of Public Health; 2002, pp. 101–23. Available at: http://www.cpha.ca/uploads/portals/substance/cannabis_report_2002.pdf. (Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/6aQm2kMDR on July 31, 2015).
5. Room R., Fischer B., Hall W., Lenton S., Reuter P. Cannabis Policy: Moving Beyond Stalemate. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010.
6. Miech R. A., Johnston L., O'Malley P. M., Bachman J. G., Schulenberg J., Patrick M. E. Trends in use of marijuana and attitudes toward marijuana among youth before and after decriminalization: the case of California 2007–2013. Int J Drug Policy 2015; 26: 336–44.
7. Caulkins J., Reuter P. What price data tell us about drug markets. J Drug Issues 1998; 28: 593–612.
8. Caulkins JP, Hawken A, Kilmer B, Kleiman M. Marijuana Legalization: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012.
9. Caulkins J. P., Reuter P. How drug enforcement affects drug prices. Crime Justice 2010; 39: 213–71.
10. Kilmer B., Caulkins J., Liccardo Pacula R., MacCoun R., Reuter P. Altered State? Assessing How Marijuana Legalization in California Could Influence Marijuana Consumption and Public Markets. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation; 2010.
11. Kilmer B., Caulkins J. P., Bond B. M., Reuter P. H. Reducing Drug Trafficking Revenues and Violence in Mexico. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation; 2010.
12. National Drug Intelligence Center. National Illicit Drug Prices: US Department of Justice. Product no. 2007-L0424-002; Washington, DC: National Drug Intelligence Center; 2007.
13. Caulkins J. P., Cohen M., Zamarra L. Estimating Adequate Licensed Square Footage for Production. BOTEC Analysis Corp.; 2013. Available at: http://liq.wa.gov/publications/Marijuana/BOTEC%20reports/5a_Cannabis_Yields-Final.pdf. (Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/6aQmTdR6a on July 31, 2015).
14. Ohio State University. Hydroponic Crop Program, n.d. [07/27/ 2015]. Available at: http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/hydroponics/t01_pageview2/Economic_Budgets.htm. (Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/6aQl1yKnV on July 31, 2015).
15. Caulkins J. P. Estimated Cost of Production for Legalized Cannabis. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation; 2010.
16. de Zwart W., van Laar M. Cannabis regimes. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 178: 574–5.
17. MacCoun R., Reuter P. Evaluating alternative cannabis regimes. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 178: 123–8.
18. MacCoun R. J., Reuter P. Drug War Heresies: Learning From Other Vices, Times, and Places. Cambidge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2001.
19. MacCoun R. J. What can we learn from the Dutch cannabis coffeeshop system? Addiction 2011; 106: 1899–910.
20. Marijuana Enforcement Division. Annual Update: Colorado Department of Revenue. Denver, CO: Marijuana Enforcement Division; 2015 [07/27/2015]. Available at: http://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/2014%20MED%20Annual%20Report_1.pdf. (Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/6aQlDuhut on July 31, 2015).
21. Pickton T., Miles K., Light M. K., Orens A., Lewandowski B. Rulemaking Considerations for Marijuana Production Management in Colorado. Report prepared for the Colorado Department of Revenue: Marijuana Policy Group. Denver, CO: Marijuana Enforcement Division; 2015.
22. Barry R. A., Hiilamo H., Glantz S. A. Waiting for the opportune moment: the tobacco industry and marijuana legalization. Milbank Q 2014; 92: 207–42.
23. Pacula R. L., Kilmer B., Wagenaar A. C., Chaloupka F. J., Caulkins J. P. Developing public health regulations for marijuana: lessons from alcohol and tobacco. Am J Public Health 2014; 104: 1021–8.
24. Richter K. P., Levy S. Big marijuana—lessons from big tobacco. N Engl J Med 2014; 371: 399–401.
25. Rolles S., Murkin G. How to regulate cannabis: a practical guide. Transform Drug Policy Foundation 2013.
26. Vandrey R., Raber J. C., Raber M. E., Douglass B., Miller C., Bonn-Miller M. O. Cannabinoid dose and label accuracy in edible medical cannabis products. JAMA 2015; 313: 2491–3.
27. Campbell C. A., Hahn R. A., Elder R., Brewer R., Chattopadhyay S., Fielding J. et al. The effectiveness of limiting alcohol outlet density as a means of reducing excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harms. Am J Prev Med 2009; 37: 556–69.
28. Popova S., Giesbrecht N., Bekmuradov D., Patra J. Hours and days of sale and density of alcohol outlets: impacts on alcohol consumption and damage: a systematic review. Alcohol Alcohol 2009; 44: 500–16.
29. Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Recommendations for reducing excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harms by limiting alcohol outlet density. Am J Prev Med 2009;37:570–1.
30. Pacula R. L., Powell D., Heaton P., Sevigny E. L. Assessing the effects of medical marijuana laws on marijuana use: the devil is in the details. J Policy Anal Manage 2015; 34: 7–31.
31. Baker A, Baur E, Despain D, Jeffries C, Kirkpatrick H, Linder A. et al. Legalizing Marijuana in California: A Review of Policy Considerations 2015. Available at: http://www.law.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/publication/988796/doc/slspublic/SLS%20Marijuana%20Policy%20Practicum%20Report.pdf. (Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/6aQlOha5I on July 31, 2015).
32. Gallet C. A. Can price get the monkey off our back? A meta-analysis of illicit drug demand. Health Econ 2014; 23: 55–68.
33. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau. Tax and Fee Rates: U.S. Department of the Treasury; n.d. [07/27/ 2015]. Available at: http://www.ttb.gov/tax_audit/atftaxes.shtml. (Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/6aQlVzLfH on July 31, 2015).
34. Light M. K., Orens A., Lewandowski B., Pickton T. Market Size and Demand for Marijuana in Colorado: The Marijuana Policy Group; Denver, CO: Marijuana Enforcement Division; 2014. Available at: https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/Market%20Size%20and%20Demand%20Study,%20July%209,%202014%5B1%5D.pdf. (Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/6aQlf0z36 on July 31, 2015).
35. MacCoun R. J. The paths not (yet) taken: lower risk alternatives to full market legalization of cannabis. In: Tate K., L. T. J., Q. S. M., editors. Something's in the Air: Race and the Legalization of Marijuana. London: Routledge; 2013, pp. 40–53.