Optical Properties of Wintertime Aerosols from Residential Wood Burning in Fresno, CA: Results from DISCOVER-AQ 2013

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 50, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 1681-1690

  Zhang, Xiaolu ^a   Kim, Hwajin ^b,d   Parworth, Caroline L ^b   Young, Dominique E ^b   Zhang, Qi ^b   Metcalf, Andrew R ^c   Cappa, Christopher D ^a  

^a University of California   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c University of Minnesota   (United States)

^d Korea Institute of Science and Technology   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOLS; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; FACTORIZATION; HOUSING; MASS SPECTROMETERS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MIXING; THICKNESS MEASUREMENT;

ABSORPTION CO-EFFICIENT; ABSORPTION ENHANCEMENT; AEROSOL MASS SPECTROMETERS; CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS; MASS ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; RESIDENTIAL HEATING; RESIDENTIAL WOOD BURNING;

OPTICAL PROPERTIES;

BLACK CARBON; BROWN CARBON; CARBON; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; AEROSOL; AIR POLLUTANT; SOOT;

ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT; AEROSOL COMPOSITION; AEROSOL PROPERTY; BIOMASS BURNING; BLACK CARBON; MASS SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC COMPOUND; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICULATE MATTER; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; WINTER;

ABSORPTION; ARTICLE; BIOMASS; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND RELATED PHENOMENA; MASS SPECTROMETER; MASS SPECTROMETRY; OPTICS; PARTICULATE MATTER; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; UNITED STATES; WINTER; WOOD BURNING; AEROSOL; AIR POLLUTANT; CHEMISTRY; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; PROCEDURES; SEASON; SOOT; WOOD;

CALIFORNIA; FRESNO [CALIFORNIA]; SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY; UNITED STATES;

AEROSOLS; AIR POLLUTANTS; CARBON; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; SEASONS; SOOT; WOOD;

EID: 84958267803     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04134     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Bond, T. C. et al. Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment J. Geophys. Res. 2013, 118 (11) 5380-5552 10.1002/jgrd.50171
2. Ramanathan, V.; Carmichael, G. Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon Nat. Geosci. 2008, 1, 221-227 10.1038/ngeo156
3. Jacobson, M. Z. Global direct radiative forcing due to multicomponent anthropogenic and natural aerosols J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106, 1551-1568 10.1029/2000JD900514
4. Fuller, K. A.; Malm, W. C.; Kreidenweis, S. M. Effects of mixing on extinction by carbonaceous particles J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104, 15941-15954 10.1029/1998JD100069
5. Bond, T. C.; Habib, G.; Bergstrom, R. W. Limitations in the enhancement of visible light absorption due to mixing state J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111 (D20) D20211 10.1029/2006JD007315
6. Jacobson, M. Z. A physically based treatment of elemental carbon optics: Implications for global direct forcing of aerosols Geophys. Res. Lett. 2000, 27, 217-220 10.1029/1999GL010968
7. Andreae, M.; Gelencser, A. Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light absorbing carbonaceous aerosols Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2006, 6, 3131-3148 10.5194/acp-6-3131-2006
8. Barnard, J. C.; Volkamer, R.; Kassianov, E. I. Estimation of the mass absorption cross section of the organic carbon component of aerosols in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2008, 8, 6665-6679 10.5194/acp-8-6665-2008
9. Kirchstetter, T. W.; Novakov, T.; Hobbs, P. V. Evidence that the spectral dependence of light absorption by aerosols is affected by organic carbon J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109 (D21) D21208 10.1029/2004JD004999
10. Updyke, K. M.; Nguyen, T. B.; Nizkorodov, S. A. Formation of brown carbon via reactions of ammonia with secondary organic aerosols from biogenic and anthropogenic precursors Atmos. Environ. 2012, 63, 22-31 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.012
11. Yang, M.; Howell, S. G.; Zhuang, J.; Huebert, B. J. Attribution of aerosol light absorption to black carbon, brown carbon, and dust in China-Interpretations of atmospheric measurements during EAST-AIRE Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2009, 9, 2035-2050 10.5194/acp-9-2035-2009
12. Zhang, X.; Lin, Y.-H.; Surratt, J. D.; Zotter, P.; Prévoît, A. H. S.; Weber, R. J. Light-absorbing soluble organic aerosol in Los Angeles and Atlanta: A contrast in secondary organic aerosol Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, 38, L21810 10.1029/2011GL049385
13. Cross, E. S. et al. Soot particle studies-Instrument inter-comparison-Project overview Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 592-611 10.1080/02786826.2010.482113
14. Metcalf, A. R.; Loza, C. L.; Coggon, M. M.; Craven, J. S.; Jonsson, H. H.; Flagan, R. C.; Seinfeld, J. H. Secondary Organic Aerosol Coating Formation and Evaporation: Chamber Studies Using Black Carbon Seed Aerosol and the Single-Particle Soot Photometer Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2013, 47 (3) 326-347 10.1080/02786826.2012.750712
15. Zhang, R.; Khalizov, A. F.; Pagels, J.; Zhang, D.; Xue, H.; McMurry, P. H. Variability in morphology, hygroscopicity, and optical properties of soot aerosols during atmospheric processing Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2008, 105, 10291-10296 10.1073/pnas.0804860105
16. Lack, D. A.; Cappa, C. D. Impact of brown and clear carbon on light absorption enhancement, single scatter albedo and absorption wavelength dependence of black carbon Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10 (9) 4207-4220 10.5194/acp-10-4207-2010
17. Wang, X.; Heald, C. L.; Ridley, D. A.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Perring, A. E.; Coe, H.; Liu, D.; Clarke, A. D. Exploiting simultaneous observational constraints on mass and absorption to estimate the global direct radiative forcing of black carbon and brown carbon Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2014, 14, 10989-11010 10.5194/acp-14-10989-2014
18. Cappa, C. D. et al. Radiative absorption enhancements due to the mixing state of atmospheric black carbon Science 2012, 337, 1078-1081 10.1126/science.1223447
19. Liu, S.; Aiken, A. C.; Gorkowski, K.; Dubey, M. K.; Cappa, C. D.; WIlliams, L. R.; Herndon, S. C.; Massoli, P.; Fortner, E. C.; Chhabra, P. S.; Brooks, W. A.; Onasch, T. B.; Worsnop, D. R.; China, S.; Sharma, N.; Mazzoleni, C.; Xu, L.; Ng, N. L.; Liu, D.; Allan, J. D.; Lee, J. D.; Fleming, Z. L.; Mohr, C.; Zotter, P.; Szidat, S.; Prevot, A. S. H. Enhanced light absorption by mixed source black and brown carbon particles in UK winter Nat. Commun. 2015, 6, 8435 10.1038/ncomms9435
20. Healy, R. M.; Wang, J. M.; Jeong, C.-H.; Lee, A. K. Y.; Willis, M. D.; Jaroudi, E.; Zimmerman, N.; Hilker, N.; Murphy, M.; Eckhardt, S.; Stohl, A.; Abbatt, J. P. D.; Wenger, J. C.; Evans, G. J. Light-absorbing properties of ambient black carbon and brown carbon from fossil fuel and biomass burning sources J. Geophys. Res. 2015, 120, 6619-6633 10.1002/2015JD023382
21. Lack, D. A.; Langridge, J. M.; Bahreini, R.; Cappa, C. D.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Schwarz, J. P. Brown carbon and internal mixing in biomass burning particles Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2012, 109, 14802-14807 10.1073/pnas.1206575109
22. Bergstrom, R. W.; Pilewskie, P.; Russell, P. B.; Redemann, J.; Bond, T. C.; Quinn, P. K.; Sierau, B. Spectral absorption properties of atmospheric aerosols Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2007, 7 (23) 5937-5943 10.5194/acp-7-5937-2007
23. Kirchstetter, T. W.; Thatcher, T. L. Contribution of organic carbon to wood smoke particulate matter absorption of solar radiation Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2012, 12 (14) 6067-6072 10.5194/acp-12-6067-2012
24. Bahadur, R.; Praveen, P. S.; Xu, Y.; Ramanathan, V. Solar absorption by elemental and brown carbon determined from spectral observations Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2012, 109 (43) 17366-17371 10.1073/pnas.1205910109
25. Chung, C. E.; Ramanathan, V.; Decremer, D. Observationally constrained estimates of carbonaceous aerosol radiative forcing Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2012, 109 (29) 11624-11629 10.1073/pnas.1203707109
26. Gyawali, M.; Arnott, W. P.; Lewis, K.; Moosmüller, H. In situ aerosol optics in Reno, NV, USA during and after the summer 2008 California wildfires and the influence of absorbing and non-absorbing organic coatings on spectral light absorption Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2009, 9 (20) 8007-8015 10.5194/acp-9-8007-2009
27. Knox, A.; Evans, G. J.; Brook, J. R.; Yao, X.; Jeong, C. H.; Godri, K. J.; Sabaliauskas, K.; Slowik, J. G. Mass Absorption Cross-Section of Ambient Black Carbon Aerosol in Relation to Chemical Age Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2009, 43 (6) 522-532 10.1080/02786820902777207
28. Saleh, R.; Hennigan, C. J.; McMeeking, G. R.; Chuang, W. K.; Robinson, E. S.; Coe, H.; Donahue, N. M.; Robinson, A. L. Absorptivity of brown carbon in fresh and photo-chemically aged biomass-burning emissions Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2013, 13, 7683-7693 10.5194/acp-13-7683-2013
29. McMeeking, G.; Fortner, E.; Onasch, T. B.; Taylor, J.; Flynn, M.; Coe, H.; Kreidenweis, S. M. Impacts of non-refractory material on light absorption by aerosols emitted from biomass burning J. Geophys. Res. 2014, 119, D021750 10.1002/2014JD021750
30. Nakayama, T.; Ikeda, Y.; Sawada, Y.; Setoguchi, Y.; Ogawa, S.; Kawana, K.; Mochida, M.; Ikemori, F.; Matsumoto, K.; Matsumi, Y. Properties of light-absorbing aerosols in the Nagoya urban area, Japan, in August 2011 and January 2012: Contributions of brown carbon and lensing effect J. Geophys. Res. 2014, 119, 12721-12739 10.1002/2014JD021744
31. Cox, P.; Delao, A.; Komorniczak, A. The California Almanac of Emissions and Air Quality; California Air Resource Board: Sacramento, CA, 2013.
32. Ngo, M. et al. Airborne particles in the San Joaquin Valley may affect human health Calif. Agric. 2010, 64 (1) 12-16 10.3733/ca.v064n01p12
33. Chow, J. C.; Chen, L. W. A.; Watson, J. G.; Lowenthal, D. H.; Magliano, K. A.; Turkiewicz, K.; Lehrman, D. E. PM2.5 chemical composition and spatiotemporal variability during the California Regional PM10/PM2.5 Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111, D10S04 10.1029/2005JD006457
34. Chow, J. C.; Watson, J. G.; Lowenthal, D. H.; Chen, L. W. A.; Zielinska, B.; Mazzoleni, L. R.; Magliano, K. L. Evaluation of organic markers for chemical mass balance source apportionment at the Fresno Supersite Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2007, 7 (7) 1741-1754 10.5194/acp-7-1741-2007
35. Chen, L. W. A.; Watson, J. G.; Chow, J. C.; Magliano, K. L. Quantifying PM2.5 source contributions for the San Joaquin Valley with multivariate receptor models Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41 (8) 2818-2826 10.1021/es0525105
36. Magliano, K. L.; Hughes, V. M.; Chinkin, L. R.; Coe, D. L.; Haste, T. L.; Kumar, N.; Lurmann, F. W. Spatial and temporal variations in PM10 and PM2.5 source contributions and comparison to emissions during the 1995 integrated monitoring study Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33 (29) 4757-4773 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00265-4
37. Ge, X.; Setyan, A.; Sun, Y.; Zhang, Q. Primary and secondary organic aerosols in Fresno, California during wintertime: Results from high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry J. Geophys. Res. 2012, 117 (D19) D19301 10.1029/2012JD018026
38. Young, D. E.; Kim, H.; Parworth, C.; Zhou, S.; Zhang, X.; Cappa, C. D.; Seco, R.; Kim, S.; Zhang, Q. Influences of emission sources and meteorology on aerosol chemistry in a polluted urban environment: results from DISCOVER-AQ California Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 2015, 15, 35057-35115 10.5194/acpd-15-35057-2015
39. Cappa, C. D.; Che, D. L.; Kessler, S. H.; Kroll, J. H.; Wilson, K. R. Variations in organic aerosol optical and hygroscopic properties upon heterogeneous OH oxidation J. Geophys. Res. 2011, 116, D15204 10.1029/2011JD015918
40. Langridge, J. M.; Richardson, M. S.; Lack, D.; Law, D.; Murphy, D. M. Aircraft instrument for comprehensive characterization of aerosol optical properties, Part I: Wavelength-dependent optical extinction and its relative humidity dependence measured using cavity ringdown spectroscopy Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 1305-1318 10.1080/02786826.2011.592745
41. Lack, D. A.; Richardson, M. S.; Law, D.; Langridge, J. M.; Cappa, C. D.; McLaughlin, R. J.; Murphy, D. M. Aircraft instrument for comprehensive characterization of aerosol optical properties, Part 2: Black and brown Carbon absorption and absorption Enhancement measured with photo acoustic spectroscopy Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 555-568 10.1080/02786826.2011.645955
42. Schwarz, J. P.; Gao, R. S.; Fahey, D. W.; Thomson, D. S.; Watts, L. A.; Wilson, J. C.; Reeves, J. M.; Darbeheshti, M.; Baumgardner, D. G.; Kok, G. L.; Chung, S. H.; Schulz, M.; Hendricks, J.; Lauer, A.; Karcher, B.; Slowik, J. G.; Rosenlof, K. H.; Thompson, T. L.; Langford, A. O.; Loewenstein, M.; Aikin, K. C. Single-particle measurements of midlatitude black carbon and light-scattering aerosols from the boundary layer to the lower stratosphere J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111, D16207 10.1029/2006JD007076
43. Laborde, M.; Mertes, P.; Zieger, P.; Dommen, J.; Baltensperger, U.; Gysel, M. Sensitivity of the Single Particle Soot Photometer to different black carbon types Atmos. Meas. Tech. 2012, 5, 1031-1043 10.5194/amt-5-1031-2012
44. Bond, T. C.; Bergstrom, R. W. Light absorption by carbonaceous particles: an investigative review Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 27-67 10.1080/02786820500421521
45. Canagaratna, M.; Jayne, J.; Jimenez, J. L.; Allan, J. A.; Alfarra, R.; Zhang, Q.; Onasch, T.; Drewnick, F.; Coe, H.; Middlebrook, A.; Delia, A.; Williams, L.; Trimborn, A.; Northway, M.; DeCarlo, P.; Kolb, C.; Davidovits, P.; Worsnop, D. Chemical and microphysical characterization of ambient aerosols with the aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2007, 26, 185-222 10.1002/mas.20115
46. Zhang, Q.; Jimenez, J. L.; Canagaratna, M.; Ng, N. L.; Ulbrich, I.; Worsnop, D.; Sun, Y. L. Understanding organic aerosols via factor analysis of aerosol mass spectrometry: A review Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2011, 401, 3045-3067 10.1007/s00216-011-5355-y
47. Schneider, J.; Weimer, S.; Drewnick, F.; Borrmann, S.; Helas, G.; Gwaze, P.; Schmid, O.; Andreae, M. O.; Kirchner, U. Mass spectrometric analysis and aerodynamic properties of various types of combustion-related aerosol particles Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2006, 258, 37-49 10.1016/j.ijms.2006.07.008
48. Alfarra, M. R.; Prévoît, A. H. S.; Szidat, S.; Sandradewi, J.; Weimer, S.; Lanz, V. A.; Schreiber, D.; Mohr, M.; Baltensperger, U. Identification of the mass spectral signature of organic aerosols from wood burning emissions Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41 (16) 5770-5777 10.1021/es062289b
49. Chen, Y.; Bond, T. C. Light absorption by organic carbon from wood combustion Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10, 1773-1787 10.5194/acp-10-1773-2010
50. Bruns, E. A.; Krapf, M.; Orasche, J.; Huang, Y.; Zimmermann, R.; Drinovec, L.; Mocnik, G.; El-Haddad, I.; Slowik, J. G.; Dommen, J.; Baltensperger, U.; Prévoît, A. H. S. Characterization of primary and secondary wood combustion products generated under different burner loads Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2015, 15, 2825-2841 10.5194/acp-15-2825-2015
51. U.S. EPA. Report to Congress on Black Carbon; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington DC, 2012; http://www.epa.gov/blackcarbon/.
52. Buffaloe, G. M.; Lack, D. A.; Williams, E. J.; Coffman, D.; Hayden, K. L.; Lerner, B. M.; Li, S.-M.; Nuaaman, I.; Massoli, P.; Onasch, T. B.; Quinn, P. K.; Cappa, C. D. Black carbon emissions from in-use ships: a California regional assessment Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2014, 14, 1881-1896 10.5194/acp-14-1881-2014
53. Mohr, C.; Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D.; Zotter, P.; Prévoît, A. S. H.; Xu, L.; Ng, N. L.; Herndon, S. C.; Williams, L. R.; Franklin, J. P.; Zahniser, M. S.; Worsnop, D. R.; Knighton, W. B.; Aiken, A. C.; Gorkowski, K. J.; Dubey, M. K.; Allan, J. D.; Thornton, J. A. Contribution of Nitrated Phenols to Wood Burning Brown Carbon Light Absorption in Detling, United Kingdom during Winter Time Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47 (12) 6316-6324 10.1021/es400683v
54. Desyaterik, Y.; Sun, Y.; Shen, X.; Lee, T.; Wang, X.; Wang, T.; Collett, J. L., Jr. Speciation of "Brown" Carbon in Cloud Water Impacted by Agricultural Biomass Burning in Eastern China J. Geophys. Res. 2013, 118, 7389-7399 10.1002/jgrd.50561
55. Hoffer, A.; Gelencser, A.; Guyon, P.; Kiss, G.; Schmid, O.; Frank, G. P.; Artaxo, P.; Andreae, M. O. Optical properties of humic-like substances (HULIS) in biomass-burning aerosols Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2006, 6, 3563-3570 10.5194/acp-6-3563-2006
56. Lukacs, H.; Gelencser, A.; Hammer, S.; Puzbaum, H.; Pio, C.; Legrand, M.; Kasper-Giebl, A.; Handler, M.; Limbeck, A.; Simpson, D.; Preunkert, S. Seasonal trends and possible sources of brown carbon based on 2-year aerosol measurements at six sites in Europe J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112, D23S18 10.1029/2006JD008151
57. Huang, Q. G.; Wang, L. S.; Han, S. K. The genotoxicity of substituted nitrobenzenes and the quantitative structure-activity relationship studies Chemosphere 1995, 30 (5) 915-923 10.1016/0045-6535(94)00450-9
58. Verma, V.; Rico-Martinez, R.; Kotra, N.; King, L.; Liu, J.; Snell, T. W.; Weber, R. J. Contribution of water-soluble and insoluble components and their hydrophobic/hydrophilic subfractions to the reactive oxygen species-generating potential of fine ambient aerosols Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 11384-11392 10.1021/es302484r
59. Chakrabarty, R. K.; Moosmüller, H.; Chen, L.-W. A.; Lewis, K.; Arnott, W. P.; Mazzoleni, C.; Dubey, M. K.; Wold, C. E.; Hao, W. M.; Kreidenweis, S. M. Brown carbon in tar balls from smoldering biomass combustion Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10, 6363-6370 10.5194/acp-10-6363-2010
60. Wandinger, U.; Müller, D.; Bockmann, C.; Althausen, D.; Matthias, V.; Bösenberg, J.; Weiss, V.; Fiebig, M.; Wendisch, M.; Stohl, A.; Ansmann, A. Optical and micro10 physical characterization of biomass-burning and industrial-pollution aerosols from multiwavelength lidar and aircraft measurements J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107 (D21) 8125 10.1029/2000JD000202
61. Adler, G.; Flores, J. M.; Abo Riziq, A.; Borrmann, S.; Rudich, Y. Chemical, physical, and optical evolution of biomass burning aerosols: a case study Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2011, 11, 1491-1503 10.5194/acp-11-1491-2011