Middle Eastern armies and the new middle class

Role of the Military in Underdeveloped Countries

Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 277-315

  Halpern, Manfred ^a  

^a Harvard Center for Middle Eastern Studies   (United States)

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EID: 84957998606     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (29)

1. See Ibn Khaldun, The Muqaddimah, An Introduction to History, New York, 1958 (translated from the Arabic by Franz Rosenthal), esp. Vol. I, pp. 252-286, 305-307, 311-347; Vol. II, pp. 103-155.
2. Gibb and Bowen, Islamic Society and the West, London, 1950, Vol. I, Part I, p. 31.
3. Morroe Berger in Military Elite and Social Change: Egypt Since Napoleon, Princeton, 1960, Research Monograph No. 6, p. 30
4. Morroe Berger, Bureaucracy and Society in Modern Egypt, Princeton, 1957, p. 83
5. Lewis V. Thomas and Richard N. Frye, The United States and Turkey and Iran, Cambridge, 1951, p. 51.
6. A. D. Alderson, The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty, Oxford, 1956, pp. 71-72.
7. See Majid Khadduri, Independent Iraq, Oxford, 1951, pp. 83-115.
8. Gamal abd al-Nasser, The Philosophy of the Revolution, Washington, 1953, pp. 22-23
9. Constantine Zurayk, The Meaning of the Disaster, translated by R. Bayly Winder, Beirut, 1956
10. Musa al-Alami, Ibrat Filastin (The Lesson of Palestine), Beirut, 1949
11. Ernest E. Ramsaur, Jr., The Young Turks: Prelude to the Revolution of 1908, Princeton, N.J., 1957.
12. Majid Khadduri, "The Role of the Military in Middle Eastern Politics," American Political Science Review, June 1953, p. 517
13. Majid Khadduri, "The Army Officer: His Role in Middle Eastern Politics," in Social Forces in the Middle East, Ithaca, N.Y., 1955, pp. 162-184
14. Mohammed Nagib, Egypt's Destiny, New York, 1955, pp. 14-15.
15. L. P. Elwell-Sutton, Persian Oil: A Study in Power Politics. New York, 1955, p. 206.
16. Nasser, Persian Oil: A Study in Power Politics. New York, 1955, p. 42.
17. Khadduri, "The Role of the Military in Middle Eastern Politics," Persian Oil: A Study in Power Politics. New York, 1955, p. 511.
18. Frederick W. Frey, "The Two-Edged Sword: The Army in Turkish Politics" (mimeographed), June 1960
19. R. Bayly Winder, "The Modern Military Tradition in Syria," prepared for the Faculty Seminar of the Program in Near Eastern Studies, Princeton University, March 5, 1959.
20. Alford Carleton, "The Syrian Coups d'Etat of 1949," Middle East Journal, January 1950, pp. 1-12
21. Nicola A. Ziadeh in Syria and Lebanon, New York, 1957, pp. 93-172, passim.
22. Helen Kitchen, "The Government of General Abboud," and "The Army" in the special Sudan issue of Africa Special Report, January 1959, pp. 3-4, 17, and 5
23. Peter Kilmer, "A Year of Army Rule in the Sudan," World Today, November 1959.
24. Guy J. Pauker, in "Southeast Asia as a Problem Area in the Next Decade," World Politics, April 1959, pp. 325-45
25. Nasser, in "Southeast Asia as a Problem Area in the Next Decade," World Politics, April 1959, pp. 32-33.
26. Edward Shils, "The Concentration and Dispersion of Charisma: Their Bearing on Economic Policy in Underdeveloped Countries," World Politics, October 1958, pp. 3-4; p. 2.
27. P. J. Vatikiotis in The Egyptian Army in Politics: Pattern for New Nations? Bloomington, Ind., 1961.
28. See Dankwart A. Rustow, "The Army and the Founding of the Turkish Republic," World Politics, July 1952, esp. pp. 543-552
29. C. L. Sulzberger, "De Gaulle:-Just How Extreme Is the Center?" The New York Times, June 14, 1958.