메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 1-320

Pax technica: How the internet of things may set us free or lock us up

(1)  Howard, Philip N a  

a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84957656689     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (117)

References (376)
  • 1
    • 84957711796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Port Scanning /0 Using Insecure Embedded Devices, 2012, ac-cessed September 15, 2014
    • Internet Census 2012: Port Scanning /0 Using Insecure Embedded Devices, 2012, ac-cessed September 15, 2014, http://internetcensus2012.bitbucket.org/ paper.html.
    • (2012)
  • 2
    • 0004092009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Theory of the growth of the firm
    • (Ox-ford: Oxford University Press, "Edith Penrose," Wikipedia, ac-cessed June 23, 2014
    • Edith Penrose and Christos Pitelis, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm (Ox-ford: Oxford University Press, 2009); "Edith Penrose," Wikipedia, ac-cessed June 23, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Penrose.
    • (2009)
    • Edith, P.1    Christos, P.2
  • 3
    • 84957698245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wikipedia, accessed June 15, "East India Company (En-glish Trading Company)," Encyclopedia Britannica, accessed June 16, 2014
    • "Hudson's Bay Company," Wikipedia, accessed June 15, 2014, http://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson's_Bay_Company; "East India Company (En-glish Trading Company)," Encyclopedia Britannica, accessed June 16, 2014, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/176643/East-India -Company.
    • (2014)
  • 4
    • 84957688091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 16, 2014
    • "ITU: Committed to Connecting the World," accessed June 16, 2014, http://www.itu.int/.
  • 5
    • 84957694586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ternet World Stats: Usage and Population Sta-tistics
    • June 30, 2012
    • Internet Users in the World," Internet World Stats: Usage and Population Sta-tistics, June 30, 2012, http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm.
  • 6
    • 84957631746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • January 31, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • "Hooking up," Economist, January 31, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.economist.com/news/international/21571126-new-data -fiows-highlight-relative-decline-west-hooking-up.
  • 7
    • 2542629197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new world order
    • Princeton: Princeton Univer-sity Press
    • Anne-Marie Slaughter, A New World Order (Princeton: Princeton Univer-sity Press, 2009).
    • (2009)
    • Slaughter, A.-M.1
  • 8
    • 84957619810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Press Conference" (Regent Beverly Wilshire Ho-tel, April 19, 1994); Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006); G. John Ikenberry, "The Myth of Post-Cold War Chaos," Foreign Affairs
    • World Affairs Council, "Press Conference" (Regent Beverly Wilshire Ho-tel, April 19, 1994); Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006); G. John Ikenberry, "The Myth of Post-Cold War Chaos," Foreign Affairs 75, no. 3 (May 1996): 79-91.
    • (1996) , vol.75 , Issue.3 , pp. 79-91
  • 9
    • 84957692508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meet the seven people who hold the keys to worldwide in-ternet security
    • Guardian, February 28, 2014, accessed September 30 seven-people -keys-worldwide-internet-security-web; "Internet Society," accessed June 16, 2014
    • James Ball, "Meet the Seven People Who Hold the Keys to Worldwide In-ternet Security," Guardian, February 28, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/feb/28/ seven-people -keys-worldwide-internet-security-web; "Internet Society," accessed June 16, 2014, http://www.internetsociety.org/; "ICANN," accessed June 16, 2014, https://www.icann.org/.
    • (2014)
    • Ball, J.1
  • 10
    • 84957627212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2007); Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man (Toronto: University of Toronto Press
    • Harold Adams Innis, Empire and Communications (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2007); Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011).
    • (2011)
  • 11
    • 84957688090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Americas Quarterly, accessed Septem-ber 10
    • "Twitter Saves Lives in Mexico," Americas Quarterly, accessed Septem-ber 10, 2014, http://www.americasquarterly.org/node/2576.
    • (2014)
  • 12
    • 84957623065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 16
    • "Bloqueos," Google Maps, accessed June 16, 2014, https://maps.google .com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=117897461681645 229195.0004822dd7b250a595b99&ll=25.705578,-100.26947&spn=0.224894,0.308647&z=12&dg=feature.
    • (2014)
  • 13
    • 84957624233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Superstorm Sandy: NYC," Google Maps, accessed June 16, 2014, http:// google.org/crisismap/2012-sandy-nyc?hl=en&llbox=40.8579,40 .5237,-73.9334,-74.3728&t=roadmap&layers=layer1,layer0,8,9,1330 918331511,5&promoted.
  • 14
    • 84957655348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anecdotes from Kyrgyzstan," iRevolution, March 26, 2011, accessed June 30 Short Message Service (SMS) is a tool that allows for text messages be-tween telephones.
    • "How to Use Technology to Counter Rumors During Crises: Anecdotes from Kyrgyzstan," iRevolution, March 26, 2011, accessed June 30, 2014, http://irevolution.net/2011/03/26/technology-to-counter-rumors/. Short Message Service (SMS) is a tool that allows for text messages be-tween telephones.
    • (2014)
  • 15
    • 84957718727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed May 21
    • "Rassd News Network (RNN)," Wikipedia, accessed May 21, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassd_News_Network_(RNN).
    • (2014)
  • 16
    • 84957670636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014
    • "WITNESS: Cameras Everywhere Report," 2011, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014, http://www3.witness.org/cameras-everywhere/report -2011.
    • (2011)
  • 17
    • 84874824747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Andrés Monroy-Hernández et al., "The New War Correspondents: The Rise of Civic Media Curation in Urban Warfare," in Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (ACM, 2013), 1443-52, doi:10.1145/2441776.2441938, http://dl.acm.org/citation .cfm?id=2441938.
  • 18
    • 84957670990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Too many people with security clearances, but cuts could help some feds, hurt others
    • Washington Post, March 20, 2014, accessed September 30
    • Joe Davidson, "Too Many People with Security Clearances, but Cuts Could Help Some Feds, Hurt Others," Washington Post, March 20, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/ politics/ federal_government/too-many-people-with-security-clearances-but -cuts-could-help-some-feds-hurt-others/2014/03/20/1f1d011a-b05e -11e3-a49e-76adc9210f19_story.html.
    • (2014)
    • Davidson, J.1
  • 19
    • 84957689434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hidden world, growing beyond control
    • Washington Post, 2010, accessed September 30
    • Dana Priest and William M. Arkin, "A Hidden World, Growing Beyond Control," Washington Post, 2010, accessed September 30, 2014, http:// projects.washingtonpost.com/top-secret-america/articles/a-hidden -world-growing-beyond-control/.
    • (2014)
    • Dana, P.1    William Arkin, M.2
  • 20
    • 84957659814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What exactly are the NSA's 'groundbreaking crypt-analytic capabilities
    • September 4, 2013, accessed Septem-ber 30
    • Michael Eisen, "What Exactly Are the NSA's 'Groundbreaking Crypt-analytic Capabilities'?" WIRED, September 4, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.wired.com/2013/09/black-budget-what -exactly-are-the-nsas-cryptanalytic-capabilities/.
    • (2014) WIRED
    • Eisen, M.1
  • 21
    • 84957625912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How the U.S. Forces net firms to cooperate on sur-veillance
    • July 12, 2013, accessed September 30
    • Declan McCullagh, "How the U.S. Forces Net Firms to Cooperate on Sur-veillance," CNET, July 12, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http:// www.cnet.com/news/how-the-u-s-forces-net-firms-to-cooperate-on -surveillance/.
    • (2014) CNET
    • McCullagh, D.1
  • 22
    • 84957705860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Google takes on rare fight against national security let-ters
    • Wired, April 4, 2013, accessed September 30
    • Kim Zetter, "Google Takes on Rare Fight Against National Security Let-ters," Wired, April 4, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www .wired.com/2013/04/google-fights-nsl/.
    • (2014)
    • Zetter, K.1
  • 23
    • 84957679818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 16, 2014 "Silent Circle," accessed June 16
    • "Lavabit," accessed June 16, 2014, http://lavabit.com/; "Silent Circle," accessed June 16, 2014, http://silentcircle.com/.
    • (2014)
  • 24
    • 84957693227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Author's calculations based on the transparency reports available from Face book
    • accessed September 24, 2014), Google accessed September 24, 2014), and Twitter ac-cessed September 21
    • Author's calculations based on the transparency reports available from Face book (https://govtrequests.facebook.com/, accessed September 24, 2014), Google (http://www.google.com/transparencyreport/, accessed September 24, 2014), and Twitter (https://transparency.twitter.com, ac-cessed September 21, 2014).
    • (2014)
  • 25
    • 84957692650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Spam Bots Flooding Twitter to Drown Info About #Syria Protests," Global Voices Advocacy, April 18, 2011, accessed Septem-ber 30spam-bots-flooding-twitter-to-drown-info-about-syria-protests/; Neal Ungerleider, "Behind the Mystery of Spam Tweets Clogging Syr-ian Protesters' Streams," Fast Company, April 21, 2011, accessed Sep-tember 30, 2014
    • Anas Qtiesh, "Spam Bots Flooding Twitter to Drown Info About #Syria Protests," Global Voices Advocacy, April 18, 2011, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014, http://advocacy.globalvoicesonline.org/2011/04/18/ spam-bots-flooding-twitter-to-drown-info-about-syria-protests/; Neal Ungerleider, "Behind the Mystery of Spam Tweets Clogging Syr-ian Protesters' Streams," Fast Company, April 21, 2011, accessed Sep-tember 30, 2014, http://www.fastcompany.com/1748827/behind -mystery-spam-tweets-clogging-syrian-protesters-streams.
    • (2014)
    • Qtiesh, A.1
  • 26
    • 84957612869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Who Is Using EGHNA Media Server," EGHNA Media Server, accessed September 30
    • "Who Is Using EGHNA Media Server," EGHNA Media Server, accessed September 30, 2014, http://media.eghna.com/success_stories.
    • (2014)
  • 27
    • 84957672992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "A Call to Harm: New Malware Attacks Target the Syrian Opposition," Citizen Lab, June 21, 2013, accessed September 30
    • "A Call to Harm: New Malware Attacks Target the Syrian Opposition," Citizen Lab, June 21, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, https://citizenlab .org/2013/06/a-call-to-harm/.
    • (2014)
  • 28
    • 84957654363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • side twitter: An in-depth look at the 5% of most active users
    • (Toronto: Sysomos, August 2009), accessed September 30
    • Alex Cheng and Mark Evans, Inside Twitter: An In-Depth Look at the 5% of Most Active Users (Toronto: Sysomos, August 2009), accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.sysomos.com/insidetwitter/mostactiveusers/.
    • (2014)
    • Alex, C.1    Mark, E.2
  • 29
    • 84957690133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Twitter Bots Target Tibetan Protests," Krebs on Security, March 20, 2012, accessed September 30
    • Brian Krebs, "Twitter Bots Target Tibetan Protests," Krebs on Security, March 20, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://krebsonsecurity .com/2012/03/twitter-bots-target-tibetan-protests/.
    • (2014)
    • Krebs, B.1
  • 30
    • 84957632037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Twitter Mischief Plagues Mexico's Election," MIT Technol-ogy Review, June 21, 2012, accessed September 30
    • Mike Orcutt, "Twitter Mischief Plagues Mexico's Election," MIT Technol-ogy Review, June 21, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www .technologyreview.com/news/428286/twitter-mischief-plagues -mexicos-election/.
    • (2014)
    • Orcutt, M.1
  • 31
    • 84957656289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • side Croydon, "Jasper Admits to Using Twitter Bots to Drive Election Bid," Inside Croydon, accessed September 30
    • Inside Croydon, "Jasper Admits to Using Twitter Bots to Drive Election Bid," Inside Croydon, accessed September 30, 2014, http://insidecroydon .com/2012/11/26/jasper-admits-to-using-twitter-bots-to-drive -election-bid/.
    • (2014)
  • 32
    • 84957677477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Al Jazeera, January 13, 2012, accessed September 30
    • Jillian C. York, "Dangerous Social Media Games," Al Jazeera, January 13, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.aljazeera.com/ indepth/opinion/2012/01/2012 642310699.html.
    • (2014) Dangerous Social Media Games
    • Jillian York, C.1
  • 33
    • 84957659928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wikipedia, accessed June 20
    • "Joint Threat Research Intelligence Group," Wikipedia, accessed June 20, 2014, http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Threat_Research_Intelli gence:Group.
    • (2014)
  • 34
    • 84957630750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associated Press, "US Secretly Created 'Cuban Twitter' to Stir Unrest and Undermine Government," Guardian, April 3, 2014, accessed Septem-ber 30
    • Associated Press, "US Secretly Created 'Cuban Twitter' to Stir Unrest and Undermine Government," Guardian, April 3, 2014, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/03/us -cuban-twitter-zunzuneo-stir-unrest.
    • (2014)
  • 35
    • 84957650656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wikipedia, accessed June 30
    • "Storm Botnet," Wikipedia, accessed June 30, 2014, http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Storm_botnet.
    • (2014)
  • 36
    • 84957686303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wikipedia, accessed June 19
    • "Kraken Botnet," Wikipedia, accessed June 19, 2014, http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Kraken_botnet.
    • (2014)
  • 37
    • 84957651712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 20
    • "The Spamhaus Project," accessed June 20, 2014, http://www.spam haus.org/.
    • (2014)
  • 38
    • 84957648176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Spamhaus Hit with 'Largest Publicly Announced DDoS Attack' Ever, Affecting Internet Users Worldwide," Huffington Post, March 27, 2013, accessed September 30
    • Raphael Satter, "Spamhaus Hit with 'Largest Publicly Announced DDoS Attack' Ever, Affecting Internet Users Worldwide," Huffington Post, March 27, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.huffington post.com/2013/03/27/spamhaus-cyber-attack_n_2963632.html ?utm_hp_ref=tw.
    • (2014)
    • Satter, R.1
  • 39
    • 84957693302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "ITU" "ICANN" "IGF," Internet Governance Forum, accessed June 20
    • "ITU" "ICANN" "IGF," Internet Governance Forum, accessed June 20, 2014, http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/.
    • (2014)
  • 40
    • 84926097400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New media campaigns and the managed citizen
    • New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Philip N. Howard, New Media Campaigns and the Managed Citizen (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
    • (2005)
    • Howard, P.N.1
  • 41
    • 84922410786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The MoveOn Effect: The unexpected transformation of American polit-ical advocacy
    • New York: Oxford University Press, 2012); Daniel Kreiss, Taking Our Country Back: The Crafting of Networked Politics from Howard Dean to Barack Obama (New York: Oxford University Press
    • David Karpf, The MoveOn Effect: The Unexpected Transformation of American Polit-ical Advocacy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012); Daniel Kreiss, Taking Our Country Back: The Crafting of Networked Politics from Howard Dean to Barack Obama (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012).
    • (2012)
    • Karpf, D.1
  • 42
    • 84966922940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concerned citizens and Bounty Hunters: The lebanese army has an app for you
    • September 6, 2013, accessed September 30
    • Mohamed El Dahshan, "Concerned Citizens and Bounty Hunters: The Lebanese Army Has an App for You," Foreign Policy Blogs, September 6, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://transitions.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/09/06/concerned_citizens_and_bounty_hunters_ the_lebanese_army_has_an_app_for_you.
    • (2014) Foreign Policy Blogs
    • Dahshan, M.E.1
  • 43
    • 84957706592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The secret financial market only Robots can see
    • Quartz, September 17, 2013, accessed September 30
    • Tim Fernholz, "The Secret Financial Market Only Robots Can See," Quartz, September 17, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://qz.com/ 124721/the-secret-financial-market-only-robots-can-see/.
    • (2014)
    • Fernholz, T.1
  • 44
    • 84957649634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Internet of Things."
    • "The Internet of Things."
  • 45
    • 84957668120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "What Google Really Gets Out of Buying Nest for $3.2 Billion," Wired, January 14, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Marcus Wohlsen, "What Google Really Gets Out of Buying Nest for $3.2 Billion," Wired, January 14, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.wired.com/2014/01/googles-3-billion-nest-buy-finally -make-internet-things-real-us/.
    • Marcus, W.1
  • 46
    • 84876117731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Democracy's fourth wave? Digital media and the Arab spring
    • New York: Oxford University Press
    • Philip N. Howard and Muzammil M. Hussain, Democracy's Fourth Wave? Digital Media and the Arab Spring (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013).
    • (2013)
    • Philip Howard, N.1    Muzammil Hussain, M.2
  • 47
    • 84883383222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposing one of China's cyber espionage units
    • (Alexandria, VA: Mandiant, March 2013), accessed September 30
    • Mandiant, APT1: Exposing One of China's Cyber Espionage Units (Alexandria, VA: Mandiant, March 2013), accessed September 30, 2014, http:// intelreport.mandiant.com/Mandiant_APT1_Report.pdf.
    • (2014)
  • 48
    • 84957661826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Researchers name three hackers tied to one of China's most active military intrusion teams
    • February 19, 2013, accessed September 30
    • Andy Greenberg, "Researchers Name Three Hackers Tied to One Of China's Most Active Military Intrusion Teams," Forbes, February 19, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/ andygreenberg/2013/02/19/researchers-name-three-hackers-tied-to -one-of-chinas-most-active-military-intrusion-teams/.
    • (2014) Forbes
    • Greenberg, A.1
  • 49
    • 84957667507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Getting Ugly: If China Wants Respect Abroad, It Must Rein In Its Hackers," Economist, February 21, 2013, accessed September 30
    • "Getting Ugly: If China Wants Respect Abroad, It Must Rein In Its Hackers," Economist, February 21, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21572200-if-china-wants -respect-abroad-it-must-rein-its-hackers-getting-ugly.
    • (2014)
  • 50
    • 84957635797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Netizen Report: Tibetan internet users targeted with malware
    • April 9accessed September 30, 2014
    • Lisa Ferguson et al., "Netizen Report: Tibetan Internet Users Targeted with Malware," Global Voices Advocacy, April 9, 2013, accessed Septem- ber 30, 2014, http://advocacy.globalvoicesonline.org/2013/04/09/ netizen-report-tibetan-internet-users-targeted-with-malware/.
    • (2013) Global Voices Advocacy
    • Lisa, F.1
  • 51
    • 84957663459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyberattacks abound yet companies tell SEC losses are few
    • April 3, 2013, accessed September 30
    • Chris Strom, Dave Michaels, and Eric Engleman, "Cyberattacks Abound Yet Companies Tell SEC Losses Are Few," Bloomberg, April 3, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/ news/2013-04-04/cyberattacks-abound-yet-companies-tell-sec-losses -are-few.html.
    • (2014) Bloomberg
    • Chris, S.1    Dave M.Eric, E.2
  • 52
    • 84957719019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • February 21, 2013, accessed September 30
    • "Smoking Gun," Economist, February 21, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.economist.com/news/china/21572228-evidence -mounting-chinas-government-sponsoring-cybertheft-western -corporate.
    • (2014)
  • 53
    • 84957650937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snowden says NSA engages in industrial espio-nage
    • TV," Reuters, January 26, 2014, accessed September 30
    • Erik Kirschbaum, "Snowden Says NSA Engages in Industrial Espio-nage: TV," Reuters, January 26, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/26/us-security-snowden -germany-idUSBREA0P0DE20140126.
    • (2014)
    • Kirschbaum, E.1
  • 54
    • 84887074351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyberattack on Saudi oil firm disquiets U
    • October 24, 2012, accessed September 30
    • Nicole Perlroth, "Cyberattack on Saudi Oil Firm Disquiets U.S.," The New York Times, October 24, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http:// www.nytimes.com/2012/10/24/business/global/cyberattack-on -saudi-oil-firm-disquiets-us.html.
    • (2014) The New York Times
    • Perlroth, N.1
  • 55
    • 84957696673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 30
    • "Stuxnet," Wikipedia, accessed June 30, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Stuxnet.
    • (2014)
  • 56
    • 84957629865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virus seeking bank data is tied to attack on iran
    • Bits, August 9
    • Nicole Perlroth, "Virus Seeking Bank Data Is Tied to Attack on Iran," Bits, August 9, 2012, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/09/ researchers-find-possible-state-sponsored-virus-in-mideast/.
    • (2012)
    • Perlroth, N.1
  • 57
    • 84957642610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wanted by the FBI: Wang dong
    • accessed June 30
    • ederal Bureau of Investigation, "Wanted by the FBI: Wang Dong," FBI, accessed June 30, 2014, http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/cyber/wang -dong.
    • (2014) FBI
  • 58
    • 84957683776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dictator's learning curve: Inside the global battle for democracy
    • New York: Random House
    • William J. Dobson, The Dictator's Learning Curve: Inside the Global Battle for Democracy (New York: Random House, 2012).
    • (2012)
    • William Dobson, J.1
  • 59
    • 84957635668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BBC News, March 13, 2013, accessed September 30
    • "Obama Upbraids China on Hack Attacks," BBC News, March 13, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world -us-canada-21772596.
    • (2014)
  • 60
    • 84957693492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Corrupt Personalization," Social Media Collective, ac-cessed July 5, 2014 Jonathan Zittrain, "Facebook Could Decide an Election Without Anyone Ever Finding Out," New Republic, June 1, 2014, accessed September 30 article/117878/information-fiduciary-solution-facebook-digital -gerrymandering.
    • Christian Sandvig, "Corrupt Personalization," Social Media Collective, ac-cessed July 5, 2014, http://socialmediacollective.org/2014/06/26/ corrupt-personalization/; Jonathan Zittrain, "Facebook Could Decide an Election Without Anyone Ever Finding Out," New Republic, June 1, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.newrepublic.com/ article/117878/information-fiduciary-solution-facebook-digital -gerrymandering.
    • (2014)
    • Sandvig, C.1
  • 61
    • 84957626337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wikipedia, accessed June 30
    • "Anonymous (group)," Wikipedia, accessed June 30, 2014, http://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymous_(group).
    • (2014)
  • 62
    • 84957649441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hackers take down world cup site in Brazil
    • Bits, June 20, 2014, accessed September 30
    • Nicole Perlroth, "Hackers Take Down World Cup Site in Brazil," Bits, June 20, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://bits.blogs.nytimes .com/2014/06/20/hackers-take-down-world-cup-site-in-brazil/.
    • (2014)
    • Perlroth, N.1
  • 63
    • 84957649267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Hack into Child Porn Sites Instead, DOJ Urges Hacktivists," GMA News Online, October 10 accessed September 30
    • "Hack into Child Porn Sites Instead, DOJ Urges Hacktivists," GMA News Online, October 10, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www .gmanetwork.com/news/story/277629/scitech/technology/hack -into-child-porn-sites-instead-doj-urges-hacktivists.
    • (2014)
  • 64
    • 84957667576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Small Change," New Yorker, October 4, 2010, Ev-geny Morozov, "The Folly of Kindle Diplomacy," Slate, June 21, 2012Gina Neff and Peter Nagy, "Imagined Affordances: Reconstruct-ing a Keyword for Technology Studies," Center for Media, Data, and Society, Central European University, Working Paper 2014.2, Septem-ber 2014, accessed September 30
    • Malcolm Gladwell, "Small Change," New Yorker, October 4, 2010, http:// www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/10/04/small-change-3; Ev-geny Morozov, "The Folly of Kindle Diplomacy," Slate, June 21, 2012, http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2012/06/ state_department_s_amazon_kindle_plan_won_t_help_dissidents_ .html; Gina Neff and Peter Nagy, "Imagined Affordances: Reconstruct-ing a Keyword for Technology Studies," Center for Media, Data, and Society, Central European University, Working Paper 2014.2, Septem-ber 2014, accessed September 30, 2014.
    • (2014)
    • Gladwell, M.1
  • 65
    • 84895901194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Civic engagement in a digital age
    • (Washington, DC: Pew Research, April 2013), accessed September 12
    • Aaron Smith, Civic Engagement in a Digital Age (Washington, DC: Pew Research, April 2013), accessed September 12, 2014, http://www .pewinternet.org/2013/04/25/civic-engagement-in-the-digital-age/.
    • (2014)
    • Smith, A.1
  • 66
    • 84957681441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "YouTube Reaches Billion Users Milestone," Financial Times, March 21, 2013, accessed September 30
    • Tim Bradshaw, "YouTube Reaches Billion Users Milestone," Financial Times, March 21, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.ft .com/intl/cms/s/0/8f06331a-91ca-11e2-b4c9-00144feabdc0.html.
    • (2014)
    • Bradshaw, T.1
  • 67
    • 84957619456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Syria Internet Usage and Telecommunications Report," Internet World Stats, accessed June 20
    • "Syria Internet Usage and Telecommunications Report," Internet World Stats, accessed June 20, 2014, http://www.internetworldstats.com/ me/sy.htm.
    • (2014)
  • 68
    • 84957623351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed September 24
    • Open Signal, Global Network Maps, accessed September 24, 2014, http://opensignal.com/networks/.
    • (2014)
  • 69
    • 84957635720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Up-date, 2013-2018 (San Jose, CA: Cisco, February 2014), accessed September 30
    • Cisco, Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Up-date, 2013-2018 (San Jose, CA: Cisco, February 2014), accessed September 30, 2014, http://cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service -provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white_paper_c11-520862 .html.
    • (2014)
  • 70
    • 77249103556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why are there no Arab democracies
    • Larry Diamond, "Why Are There No Arab Democracies?" Journal of De-mocracy 21, no. 1 (2010): 93-112.
    • (2010) Journal of De-mocracy , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 93-112
    • Diamond, L.1
  • 72
    • 84967413079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The end of history and the last man, reissue ed
    • New York: Free Press
    • Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man, reissue ed. (New York: Free Press, 2006).
    • (2006)
    • Fukuyama, F.1
  • 73
    • 0004115797 scopus 로고
    • The staples thesis, common property, and home-steading
    • Clive Southey, "The Staples Thesis, Common Property, and Home-steading," Canadian Journal of Economics 11, no. 3 (1978): 547-59, doi:10 .2307/134323.
    • (1978) Canadian Journal of Economics , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 547-559
    • Southey, C.1
  • 74
    • 84957648373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mobile Wallet (NFC, Digital Wallet) Market (Applications, Mode of Payment, Stakeholders, and Geography)-Global Share, Size, Industry Analysis, Trends, Opportunities, Growth, and Forecast, 2012-2020 (Portland, OR: Al-lied Market Research, November 2013), accessed September 30, 2014, Marion Williams, "The Regulatory Tension over Mobile Money," Australian Banking and Finance, February 17, 2014, accessed September 30
    • Lita Person, Mobile Wallet (NFC, Digital Wallet) Market (Applications, Mode of Payment, Stakeholders, and Geography)-Global Share, Size, Industry Analysis, Trends, Opportunities, Growth, and Forecast, 2012-2020 (Portland, OR: Al-lied Market Research, November 2013), accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/mobile-wallet-market; Marion Williams, "The Regulatory Tension over Mobile Money," Australian Banking and Finance, February 17, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.australianbankingfinance.com/banking/the-regulatory -tension-over-mobile-money/.
    • (2014)
    • Person, L.1
  • 75
    • 84957631752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • dia Today, January 22, 2014, accessed September 30
    • "University of Cumbria Becomes First in World to Accept Tuition Fees in Bitcoin," India Today, January 22, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/british-university-to-accept -tuition-fees-in-bitcoin/1/339087.html.
    • (2014) University of Cumbria Becomes First in World to Accept Tuition Fees in Bitcoin
  • 77
    • 84957619345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Big Mobile-Phone Reset," Economist, September 7, 2013, ac-cessed September 30
    • "The Big Mobile-Phone Reset," Economist, September 7, 2013, ac-cessed September 30, 2014, http://www.economist.com/news/ business/21585006-weeks-two-telecoms-deals-will-be-followed -others-industry-undergoes-big.
    • (2014)
  • 78
    • 84957661682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IDFSpokesperson, microblog, Twitter, November 14, 2012, accessed September 30
    • IDFSpokesperson, microblog, Twitter, November 14, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, https://twitter.com/IDFSpokesperson/status/ 268722403989925888.
    • (2014)
  • 79
    • 84957654193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IDFSpokesperson, microblog, Twitter, November 14, 2012, accessed September 30
    • IDFSpokesperson, microblog, Twitter, November 14, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, https://twitter.com/IDFSpokesperson/status/ 268780918209118208.
    • (2014)
  • 80
    • 84957704323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Philly.com, October 17, 2012, accessed September 30
    • John Timpane, "Israel vs. Hamas: The First Social-Media War," Philly.com, October 17, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http:// articles.philly.com/2012-11-17/news/35157659_1_hamas-tweets -alqassambrigade.
    • (2014) "Israel vs. Hamas: The First Social-Media War
    • Timpane, J.1
  • 81
    • 84957699106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wired UK, January 25, 2013, accessed September 30
    • Ian Steadman, "Big Data, Language and the Death of the Theorist," Wired UK, January 25, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www .wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-01/25/big-data-end-of-theory.
    • (2014) Big Data, Language and the Death of the Theorist
    • Steadman, I.1
  • 82
    • 84957652114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "With Drones and Satellites, U.S. Zeroed in on Bin Laden," Wired, May 3, 2011, accessed September 30
    • David Axe, "With Drones and Satellites, U.S. Zeroed in on Bin Laden," Wired, May 3, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.wired .com/2011/05/with-drones-and-satellites-u-s-zeroed-in-on-bin -laden/.
    • (2014)
    • Axe, D.1
  • 85
    • 84957651527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 20
    • Yoani Sánchez, Generación Y, accessed June 20, 2014, http://generacion yen.wordpress.com/.
    • (2014)
    • Yoani, S.1    Generación, Y.2
  • 86
    • 79956254218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The digital disruption: Connectivity and the diffusion of power
    • November
    • Eric Schmidt and Jared Cohen, "The Digital Disruption: Connectivity and the Diffusion of Power," Foreign Affairs 89 (November 2010): 79.
    • (2010) Foreign Affairs 89 , vol.79
    • Eric, S.1    Jared, C.2
  • 87
    • 84957611664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The New Westphalian Web," Foreign Policy, Febru-ary 25, 2013, accessed September 30
    • Katherine Maher, "The New Westphalian Web," Foreign Policy, Febru-ary 25, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.foreignpolicy .com/articles/2013/02/25/the_new_westphalian_web.
    • (2014)
    • Maher, K.1
  • 88
    • 84957610116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • December 3, 2012, accessed September 30
    • Bruce Schneier, "Feudal Security," Schneier on Security, December 3, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, https://www.schneier.com/blog/ archives/2012/12/feudal_sec.html.
    • (2014) "Feudal Security," Schneier on Security
    • Schneier, B.1
  • 89
    • 84957675991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wikipedia, accessed June 18
    • "United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti," Wikipedia, accessed June 18, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Stabilisation _Mission_in_Haiti.
    • (2014)
  • 90
    • 84957672106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Rise of the Humanitarian Drone: Giving Content to an Emerg-ing Concept," iRevolution, June 30, 2014, accessed September 30
    • "The Rise of the Humanitarian Drone: Giving Content to an Emerg-ing Concept," iRevolution, June 30, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://irevolution.net/2014/06/30/rise-of-humanitarian-uav/
    • (2014)
  • 91
    • 84975960784 scopus 로고
    • Political leadership and regime formation: On the development of institutions in international society
    • Oran R. Young, "Political Leadership and Regime Formation: On the Development of Institutions in International Society," International Orga-nization 45, no. 03 (1991): 281-308, doi:10.1017/S0020818300033117.
    • (1991) International Orga-nization , vol.45 , Issue.3 , pp. 281-308
    • Oran Young, R.1
  • 92
    • 0348105353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The open door
    • Cairo: American University in Cairo Press
    • Latifa Al-Zayyat, The Open Door (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2002).
    • (2002)
    • Al-Zayyat, L.1
  • 93
    • 84957714086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Laila's Soft Screaming: A Discourse Analysis of Cyber-Feminist Resistance on the Egyptian Women Blogsphere," Ko-lena Laila, June 9, 2010, accessed September 30
    • Mohamed Hossam Ismail, "Laila's Soft Screaming: A Discourse Analysis of Cyber-Feminist Resistance on the Egyptian Women Blogsphere," Ko-lena Laila, June 9, 2010, accessed September 30, 2014, http://kolenalaila .com/en/.
    • (2014)
    • Ismail, M.H.1
  • 95
    • 84957643917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facebook, accessed June 30, 2014 "Kony 2012," Know Your Meme, ac-cessed June 30
    • "Bring Back Our Girls," Facebook, accessed June 30, 2014, https://www .facebook.com/bringbackourgirls; "Kony 2012," Know Your Meme, ac-cessed June 30, 2014, http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/events/ kony-2012.
    • (2014)
  • 96
    • 84957709716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: Pew Research, March 15, 2012), accessed October 10
    • Lee Rainie et al., "The Viral Kony 2012 Video," Pew Research Internet Project (Washington, DC: Pew Research, March 15, 2012), accessed October 10, 2014, http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2012/Kony-2012 -Video/Main-report.aspx.
    • (2014) The Viral Kony 2012 Video," Pew Research Internet Project
    • Lee, R.1
  • 97
    • 84967133879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 Billion Live in Slums
    • October 8, 2003, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Jarrett Murphy, "1 Billion Live in Slums," CBS News, October 8, 2003, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/1 -billion-live-in-slums/.
    • CBS News
    • Murphy, J.1
  • 98
    • 84957642640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Issues: Refugees," UN Global Issues, accessed June 20, 2014 Imogen Foulkes, "Global Refugee Figures Highest Since WW2, UN Says," News, June 20, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • "Global Issues: Refugees," UN Global Issues, accessed June 20, 2014, http://www.un.org/en/globalissues/refugees/;
  • 100
    • 84958157646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital activism and non-violent confiict
    • (Seattle: Digital Activism Research Project, November 2013), accessed September 30, 2014
    • F. Edwards, Philip N. Howard, and Mary Joyce, Digital Activism and Non-Violent Confiict (Seattle: Digital Activism Research Project, November 2013), accessed September 30, 2014, http://digital-activism.org/2013/ 11/report-on-digital-activism-and-non-violent-confiict/.
    • Edwards, F.1    Philip Howard, N.2    Mary, J.3
  • 101
    • 84957682248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Protesters Broaden Tactics as Belarus Cracks Down," Christian Science Monitor, July 12, 2011
    • Jason Motlagh, "Protesters Broaden Tactics as Belarus Cracks Down," Christian Science Monitor, July 12, 2011, http://www.csmonitor.com/World/ Europe/2011/0712/Protesters-broaden-tactics-as-Belarus-cracks-down.
    • Motlagh, J.1
  • 102
    • 84957691618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ukrainians crowdfund to raise cash for 'people's drone' to help outgunned army
    • June 29, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Oksana Grytsenko, "Ukrainians Crowdfund to Raise Cash for 'People's Drone' to Help Outgunned Army," Guardian, June 29, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/ jun/29/outgunned-ukrainian-army-crowdfunding-people-drone.
    • Guardian
    • Grytsenko, O.1
  • 103
    • 84957714345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Map Kibera," accessed June 20, 2014
    • "Map Kibera," accessed June 20, 2014, http://mapkibera.org/.
  • 104
    • 84957630898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slum tourism in kibera: Education or exploitation
    • July 13, 2010, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Brian Ekdale, "Slum Tourism in Kibera: Education or Exploitation?" Brian Ekdale's Blog, July 13, 2010, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www .brianekdale.com/slum-tourism-in-kibera-education-or-exploitation/.
    • Brian Ekdale's Blog
    • Ekdale, B.1
  • 105
    • 84957651478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Hidden World of Shadow Cities
    • accessed September 30, 2014
    • Robert Neuwirth, The Hidden World of Shadow Cities, TEDGlobal, 2005, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.ted.com/talks/robert _neuwirth_on_our_shadow_cities.
    • TEDGlobal, 2005
    • Robert, N.1
  • 106
    • 84957643765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Spatial Collective," accessed June 20, 2014
    • "Spatial Collective," accessed June 20, 2014, http://spatialcollective .com/.
  • 107
    • 84957630876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dictator's dead pool for 2013: Will China's investments pay off in political clout
    • Huffington Post, December 31, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Philip N. Howard, "The Dictator's Dead Pool for 2013: Will China's Investments Pay Off in Political Clout?" Huffington Post, December 31, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ philip-n-howard/the-dictators-dead-pool-for-2013-will-chinas -investments-pay-off-in-political-clout_b_2374668.html.
    • Philip Howard, N.1
  • 108
    • 84957687730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carter Center, Study Mission to the October 7, 2012 Presidential Election in Venezuela (Atlanta: Carter Center, October 2012), accessed September 30, 2014
    • Carter Center, Study Mission to the October 7, 2012 Presidential Election in Venezuela (Atlanta: Carter Center, October 2012), accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/news/peace:publications/ election_reports/venezuela-2012-election-study-mission-final-rpt.pdf.
  • 109
    • 84942758042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From drug wars to criminal insurgency: Mexican cartels, crim-inal enclaves, and criminal insurgency in Mexico and Central America, and their implications for global Security
    • (Paris: Fondation Maison des sciences de l'homme, January 2012).
    • John P. Sullivan, From Drug Wars to Criminal Insurgency: Mexican Cartels, Crim-inal Enclaves, and Criminal Insurgency in Mexico and Central America, and Their Implications for Global Security (Paris: Fondation Maison des sciences de l'homme, January 2012).
    • John Sullivan, P.1
  • 110
    • 84942758042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From drug wars to criminal insurgency: Mexican cartels, crim-inal enclaves, and criminal insurgency in Mexico and Central America, and their implications for global Security
    • (Paris: Fondation Maison des sciences de l'homme, January 2012). Ibid
    • Ibid. John P. Sullivan, From Drug Wars to Criminal Insurgency: Mexican Cartels, Crim-inal Enclaves, and Criminal Insurgency in Mexico and Central America, and Their Implications for Global Security (Paris: Fondation Maison des sciences de l'homme, January 2012).
    • John Sullivan, P.1
  • 111
    • 84957711226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opium market, revenue opportunities, and insurgency in afghanistan's provinces
    • Essex: University of Essex
    • Vincenzo Bove, "Opium Market, RevenueOpportunities, and Insurgency in Afghanistan's Provinces," Essex: University of Essex, 2011, 1-27.
    • (2011) , pp. 1-27
    • Bove, V.1
  • 112
    • 84957718813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The simple economics of extortion: Evidence from trucking in aceh
    • (Washington, DC: National Bureau of Eco-nomic Research, June 2007), accessed September 30, 2014
    • Benjamin A. Olken and Patrick Barron, The Simple Economics of Extortion: Evidence from Trucking in Aceh (Washington, DC: National Bureau of Eco-nomic Research, June 2007), accessed September 30, 2014, http:// www.nber.org/papers/w13145.
    • Benjamin Olken, A.1    Patrick, B.2
  • 113
    • 84865146708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Mafia States: Organized Crime Takes Office," Foreign Af-fairs 91 May
    • Moises Naim, "Mafia States: Organized Crime Takes Office," Foreign Af-fairs 91 (May 2012): 112.
    • (2012) , pp. 112
    • Naim, M.1
  • 114
    • 84865146708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. "Mafia States: Organized Crime Takes Office," Foreign Af-fairs 91 May
    • Ibid. Moises Naim, "Mafia States: Organized Crime Takes Office," Foreign Af-fairs 91 (May 2012): 112.
    • (2012) , pp. 112
    • Naim, M.1
  • 115
    • 84957704320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symantec, Norton Report 2013: Cost per Cybercrime Victim Up 50 Percent (Mountain View, CA: Symantec, October 2013), accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014
    • Symantec, Norton Report 2013: Cost per Cybercrime Victim Up 50 Percent (Mountain View, CA: Symantec, October 2013), accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014, http://www.symantec.com/about/news/release/article .jsp?prid=20131001_01.
  • 116
    • 84957693620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "WikiLeaks Cables: Russian Government 'Using Mafia for Its Dirty Work,'" Guardian, December 1, 2010, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014
    • Luke Harding, "WikiLeaks Cables: Russian Government 'Using Mafia for Its Dirty Work,'" Guardian, December 1, 2010, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/01/ wikileaks-cable-spain-russian-mafia.
    • Harding, L.1
  • 117
    • 84957634300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Horizon 2025: Creative destruction in the aid industry
    • (London: Overseas Development Institute, July 2012), ac-cessed September 30, 2014
    • Homi Kharas and Andrew Rogerson, Horizon 2025: Creative Destruction in the Aid Industry (London: Overseas Development Institute, July 2012), ac-cessed September 30, 2014, http://www.aidmonitor.org.np/reports/ horizon%202012.pdf.
    • Homi, K.1    Andrew, R.2
  • 118
    • 79953651657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Where Life Is Cheap and Talk Is Loose," Economist, March 17, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014
    • "Where Life Is Cheap and Talk Is Loose," Economist, March 17, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/18396240.
  • 119
    • 84957687446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Hung, Drawn, and Quartered," Economist, November 10, 2012, ac-cessed September 30, 2014
    • "Hung, Drawn, and Quartered," Economist, November 10, 2012, ac-cessed September 30, 2014, http://www.economist.com/news/ international/21565927-better-deterrents-are-putting-somali-pirates -business-under-strain-hung-drawn-and.
  • 120
    • 84957668321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Democratic Institute, "Election Stories Unfold on a Map," National Democratic Institute, Spring 2011, accessed September 30, 2014
    • National Democratic Institute, "Election Stories Unfold on a Map," National Democratic Institute, Spring 2011, accessed September 30, 2014, https://www.ndi.org/election-stories-unfold-on-a-map.
  • 121
    • 84957631252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voter Fraud Clip, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Voter Fraud Clip, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://youtu.be/ jxf-nRTDvGQ.
  • 122
    • 84957660528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Crowdmap," Ushahidi, accessed June 30, 2014
    • Crowdmap," Ushahidi, accessed June 30, 2014, http://www.ushahidi .com/product/crowdmap/.
  • 123
    • 84957649045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Ushahidi Haiti Project Map," National Geographic, accessed June 27, 2014, Russian Fires," accessed June 27, 2014
    • "Ushahidi Haiti Project Map," National Geographic, accessed June 27, 2014, http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/07/02/crisis-mapping-haiti/uhp2/; "Russian Fires," accessed June 27, 2014, http:// russian-fires.ru/; "LizaAlert," accessed June 27, 2014, http://lizaalert .org/.
  • 124
    • 0003532542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strong societies and weak states: State-Society relations and state capabilities in the third world
    • (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988).
    • Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988).
    • Joel Migdal, S.1
  • 125
    • 84957652243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Mobile Payments Go Viral: M-Pesa in Kenya," Yes Africa Can: Stories from a Dynamic Continent (Washington, DC: World Bank, Janu-ary 2013), accessed September 30, 2014
    • World Bank, "Mobile Payments Go Viral: M-Pesa in Kenya," Yes Africa Can: Stories from a Dynamic Continent (Washington, DC: World Bank, Janu-ary 2013), accessed September 30, 2014, http://web.worldbank.org/ WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/0, contentMDK:2255 1641~pagePK:146736~piPK:146830~theSitePK:258644,00.html.
  • 126
    • 84957611078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "If Your Government Fails, Can You Create a New One with Your Phone?" The Atlantic, July 31, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Philip N. Howard, "If Your Government Fails, Can You Create a New One with Your Phone?" The Atlantic, July 31, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/07/if-your -government-fails-can-you-create-a-new-one-with-your-phone/ 278216/.
    • Philip Howard, N.1
  • 127
    • 84957701664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. "If Your Government Fails, Can You Create a New One with Your Phone?" The Atlantic, July 31, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Ibid. Philip N. Howard, "If Your Government Fails, Can You Create a New One with Your Phone?" The Atlantic, July 31, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/07/if-your -government-fails-can-you-create-a-new-one-with-your-phone/ 278216/.
    • Philip Howard, N.1
  • 128
    • 84957638462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. "If Your Government Fails, Can You Create a New One with Your Phone?" The Atlant
    • Ibid. Philip N. Howard, "If Your Government Fails, Can You Create a New One with Your Phone?" The Atlantic, July 31, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/07/if-your -government-fails-can-you-create-a-new-one-with-your-phone/ 278216/.
    • Philip Howard, N.1
  • 129
    • 84957683306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Can the Cellphone Help End Global Poverty?" New York Times, April 13, 2008, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Sara Corbett, "Can the Cellphone Help End Global Poverty?" New York Times, April 13, 2008, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www .nytimes.com/2008/04/13/magazine/13anthropology-t.html. ic, July 31, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Corbett, S.1
  • 130
    • 84957652235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human Rights Watch, You Can Die Any Time: Death Squad Killings in Min-danao (New York: Human Rights Watch, April 2009), accessed Sep-tember 30, 2014 Death Squads," Wikipedia, accessed September 14, 2014
    • Human Rights Watch, You Can Die Any Time: Death Squad Killings in Min-danao (New York: Human Rights Watch, April 2009), accessed Sep-tember 30, 2014, http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/ philippines0409webwcover_0.pdf; "Davao Death Squads," Wikipedia, accessed September 14, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davao _death_squads.
  • 131
    • 84957654379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Project on Extrajudicial Executions," accessed June 27, 2014
    • "The Project on Extrajudicial Executions," accessed June 27, 2014, http://www.extrajudicialexecutions.org/.
  • 132
    • 84957663852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peter van der Windt, "From Crowdsourcing to Crowdseeding: The Cut-ting Edge of Empowerment?" in Bits and Atoms: Information and Communica-tion Technology in Areas of Limited Statehood (New York: Oxford University Press
    • Peter van der Windt, "From Crowdsourcing to Crowdseeding: The Cut-ting Edge of Empowerment?" in Bits and Atoms: Information and Communica-tion Technology in Areas of Limited Statehood, ed. Steven Livingston and Gregor Walter-Drop (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), 144-56.
    • (2013) , pp. 144-156
    • Steven, L.1    Gregor, W.2
  • 133
    • 84957618469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communities at Risk: Targeted digital threats against civil society
    • November 11, 2014, accessed January 4, 2015
    • "Communities at Risk: Targeted Digital Threats Against Civil Society," Citizen Lab, November 11, 2014, accessed January 4, 2015, https:// citizenlab.org/2014/11/civil-society-organizations-face-onslaught -persistent-computer-espionage-attacks/.
    • Citizen Lab
  • 134
    • 84957692091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computational Propaganda, accessed January 4, 2015
    • Computational Propaganda, accessed January 4, 2015, http://political bots.org/.
  • 135
    • 84957704598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Recollections of Alexis de Tocqueville, trans. Alexan-der Teixeira de Mattos (n.p.: Project Gutenberg, 2011), accessed Sep-tember 30, 2014
    • Alexis de Tocqueville, The Recollections of Alexis de Tocqueville, trans. Alexan-der Teixeira de Mattos (n.p.: Project Gutenberg, 2011), accessed Sep-tember 30, 2014, http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37892.
    • de Tocqueville, A.1
  • 136
    • 84957668230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exit-Voice Dynamics and the Collapse of East Germany: The Crisis of Leninism and the Revolution of 1989 (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006)
    • Steven Pfaff, Exit-Voice Dynamics and the Collapse of East Germany: The Crisis of Leninism and the Revolution of 1989 (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006).
    • Pfaff, S.1
  • 137
    • 84957684348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It's prime time for hackathons and other technol-ogy events
    • February 10, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Nancy Dahlberg, "It's Prime Time for Hackathons and Other Technol-ogy Events," Miami Herald, February 10, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://miamiherald.typepad.com/the-starting-gate/2014/02/ miguel-chateloin-participates-in-the-hackathon-for-cuba-event-on -feb-1-at-the-lab-miami-hackathons-are-beco.html;
    • Miami Herald
    • Dahlberg, N.1
  • 138
    • 84967128307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hack-ing for jesus: Top projects from 'code for the kingdom,' a faith-based hackathon for spiritual geeks
    • March 24, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Will Mari, "Hack-ing for Jesus: Top Projects from 'Code for the Kingdom,' a Faith-Based Hackathon for Spiritual Geeks," GeekWire, March 24, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.geekwire.com/2014/faith-based -hackathon-meets-impact-hub/.
    • GeekWire
    • Mari, W.1
  • 139
    • 84957642399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wicked Problems: Problems Worth Solving (Austin: Ac4d, 2012)
    • Jon Kolko, Wicked Problems: Problems Worth Solving (Austin: Ac4d, 2012).
    • Kolko, J.1
  • 140
    • 84966750441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nsa is commandeering the internet
    • August 12, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Bruce Schneier, "The NSA Is Commandeering the Internet," The Atlantic, August 12, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www. theatlantic .com/technology/archive/2013/08/the-nsa-is-commandeering-the -internet/278572/.
    • The Atlantic
    • Schneier, B.1
  • 141
    • 84967128296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yahya ayyash
    • accessed June 25, 2014
    • "Yahya Ayyash," Wikipedia, accessed June 25, 2014, http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/yahya_Ayyash.
    • Wikipedia
  • 142
    • 84957633751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How osama bin laden was found
    • May 2, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Kat Hannaford, "How Osama Bin Laden Was Found," Gizmodo, May 2, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014, http://gizmodo.com/5797588/ how-osama-bin-laden-was-found.
    • Gizmodo
    • Hannaford, K.1
  • 143
    • 84957695258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Euromaidan
    • accessed June 30, 2014
    • "Euromaidan," Wikipedia, accessed June 30, 2014, http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Euromaidan.
    • Wikipedia
  • 144
    • 84957641524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ominous text message sent to protesters in kiev sends chills around the internet
    • January 22, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Heather Murphy, "Ominous Text Message Sent to Protesters in Kiev Sends Chills Around the Internet," Lede, January 22, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/01/22/ ominous-text-message-sent-to-protesters-in-kiev-sends-chills-around -the-internet/.
    • Lede
    • Murphy, H.1
  • 145
    • 84957687189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meps condemn iran 'surveillance
    • February 11, 2010, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Jonathan Fildes, "MEPs Condemn Iran 'Surveillance,'" BBC, Febru-ary 11, 2010, accessed September 30, 2014, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/ hi/8511035.stm.
    • BBC
    • Fildes, J.1
  • 146
    • 84957659850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belarus: Pulling the plug
    • Xindex: The Voice of Free Expression (Budapest, HU, January 2013), ac-cessed September 30, 2014
    • Andrei Aliaksandrau and Alaksiej Lavoncyk, "Belarus: Pulling the Plug," Xindex: The Voice of Free Expression (Budapest, HU, January 2013), ac-cessed September 30, 2014, http://www.indexoncensorship.org/wp content/uploads/2013/01/IDX_Belarus_ENG_WebRes.pdf.
    • Andrei, A.1    Alaksiej, L.2
  • 147
    • 84957648211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stuxnet
    • accessed June 30, 2014
    • "Stuxnet," Wikipedia, accessed June 30, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Stuxnet.
    • Wikipedia
  • 148
    • 84967265511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Türk genelkurmay başkanliği 27 nisan 2007 tarihli basin açiklamasi
    • accessed June 30, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • "Türk Genelkurmay Başkanlğ 27 Nisan 2007 Tarihli Basn Açklamas," Wikisource, accessed June 30, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://tr.wikisource.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_Genelkurmay_Ba%C5% 9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_27_Nisan_2007_tarihli_bas%C4% B1n_a%C3%A7%C4%B1klamas%C4%B1.
    • Wikisource
  • 149
    • 84957687600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turkey pm erdogan defiant over twitter ban
    • March 23, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • "Turkey PM Erdogan Defiant over Twitter Ban," Al Jazeera, March 23, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.aljazeera.com/ news/middleeast/2014/03/turkey-pm-erdogan-defiant-over-twitter -ban-2014323164138586620.html.
    • Al Jazeera
  • 150
    • 84957667734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proassad 'syrian electronic army' boasts of attacks on nyt, twitter, huffington post
    • August 27, 2013, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014
    • Xeni Jardin, "Pro-Assad 'Syrian Electronic Army' Boasts of Attacks on NYT, Twitter, Huffington Post," Boing Boing, August 27, 2013, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014, http://boingboing.net/2013/08/27/syrian- electronic -army-boa.html;
    • Boing Boing
    • Jardin, X.1
  • 151
    • 84957619244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Times site is disrupted in attack by hackers
    • August 27, 2013, ac-cessed September 30, 2014
    • Christine Haughney and Nicole Perlroth, "Times Site Is Disrupted in Attack by Hackers," New York Times, August 27, 2013, ac-cessed September 30, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/28/ business/media/hacking-attack-is-suspected-on-times-web-site.html.
    • New York Times
    • Christine, H.1    Nicole, P.2
  • 152
    • 84957706303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.s. Aid implicated in abuses of power in colombia
    • August 20, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Karen Deyoung and Claudia Duque, "U.S. Aid Implicated in Abuses of Power in Colombia," Washington Post, August 20, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/pb/national/ national-security/us-aid-implicated-in-abuses-of-power-in-colombia/ 2011/06/21/gIQABrZpSJ_story.html.
    • Washington Post
    • Karen, D.1    Claudia, D.2
  • 153
    • 84957674126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Israeli Defense Forces Announce Major Assault on Gaza via Twitter, Live-Blog the Whole Thing
    • November 14, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Fruzsina Eördögh, "Israeli Defense Forces Announce Major Assault on Gaza via Twitter, Live-Blog the Whole Thing," Slate, November 14, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/11/14/idf_announces_gaza_assault_death_of_ahmed _al_jabari_via_twitter.html.
    • Slate
    • Fruzsina, E.1
  • 154
    • 84957665198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 27, 2014
    • Tactical Technology Collective, accessed June 27, 2014, https://www . tacticaltech.org/.
  • 155
    • 84957692590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Images Reveal Nigeria Army Abuse
    • May 1, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • "Images Reveal Nigeria Army Abuse," BBC News, May 1, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa -22366016.
    • BBC News
  • 156
    • 84957666375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human Rights Watch Identifies Isis Execution Sites Based on Satel-lite Images
    • June 27, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • "Human Rights Watch Identifies Isis Execution Sites Based on Satel-lite Images," Guardian, June 27, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2014/jun/27/human -rights-watch-isis-execution-sites-satellite-images-iraq-video.
    • Guardian
  • 157
    • 84957670419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1/2 Drone Launched by Protesters at Warsaw, Poland
    • November 18, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014
    • "1/2 Drone Launched by Protesters at Warsaw, Poland," YouTube, No-vember 18, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014, http://youtu.be/ o3OB_4BT1LA.
    • YouTube
  • 158
    • 84936943418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • User-Generated Warfare: A Case of Converging Wartime Information Networks and Coproductive Regulation on YouTube
    • accessed September 30, 2014
    • Brittany Fiore-Silfvast, "User-Generated Warfare: A Case of Converg-ing Wartime Information Networks and Coproductive Regulation on YouTube," International Journal of Communication 6 (2012), 1965-88, ac-cessed September 30, 2014, http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/ view/1436.
    • (2012) International Journal of Communication , vol.6 , pp. 1965-1988
  • 159
    • 84957670046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tactical Technology Collective
    • Tactical Technology Collective.
  • 160
    • 84957702739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FrontlineSMS: FrontlineCloud, accessed June 27, 2014
    • FrontlineSMS: FrontlineCloud, accessed June 27, 2014, http://www. front linesms.com/.
  • 161
    • 84957617444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mobilisation Lab, accessed June 27, 2014
    • Mobilisation Lab, accessed June 27, 2014, http://www.mobilisationlab .org/.
  • 162
    • 84957648108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998)
    • James C. Scott, Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998).
    • James Scott, C.1
  • 163
    • 84859294329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clicks, Cabs, and Coffee Houses: Social Media and Oppositional Movements in Egypt, 2004-2011
    • April 1
    • Merlyna Lim, "Clicks, Cabs, and Coffee Houses: Social Media and Oppositional Movements in Egypt, 2004-2011," Journal of Communication 62, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 231-48, doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01628.x; Zeynep Tufekci and Christopher Wilson, "Social Media and the Decision to Participate in Political Protest: Observations From Tahrir Square," Journal of Communication 62, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 363-79, doi:10. / j.1460-2466.2012.01629.x.
    • (2012) Journal of Communication , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 231-248
    • Lim, M.1
  • 164
    • 84859309799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social Media and the Decision to Participate in Political Protest: Observations From Tahrir Square
    • April 1
    • Zeynep Tufekci and Christopher Wilson, "Social Media and the Decision to Participate in Political Protest: Observations From Tahrir Square," Journal of Communication 62, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 363-79, doi:10. / j.1460-2466.2012.01629.x.
    • (2012) Journal of Communication , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 363-379
    • Zeynep, T.1    Christopher, W.2
  • 165
    • 84859329689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Field Experiment on the Internet's Effect in an African Election: Savvier Citizens, Disaffected Voters, or Both?
    • April 1
    • Catie Snow Bailard, "A Field Experiment on the Internet's Effect in an African Election: Savvier Citizens, Disaffected Voters, or Both?" Journal of Communication 62, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 330-44, doi:10.1111/j.1460 -2466.2012.01632.x.
    • (2012) Journal of Communication , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 330-344
  • 166
    • 84859328881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety Valve or Pressure Cooker? Blogs in Chinese Political Life
    • April 1
    • Jonathan Hassid, "Safety Valve or Pressure Cooker? Blogs in Chinese Political Life," Journal of Communication 62, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 212-30, doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01634.x;
    • (2012) Journal of Communication , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 212-230
    • Hassid, J.1
  • 167
    • 84859304568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Social Media Basis of Youth Protest Behavior: The Case of Chile
    • April 1
    • Sebastián Valenzuela, Arturo Arriagada, and Andrés Scherman, "The Social Media Basis of Youth Protest Behavior: The Case of Chile," Journal of Communication 62, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 299-314, doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01635.x.
    • (2012) Journal of Communication , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 299-314
    • Sebastián, V.1    Arturo, A.2    Andrés, S.3
  • 168
    • 77649094008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nigeria: Hints of a New Chapter
    • November 12, 2009, accessed September 14, 2014
    • "Nigeria: Hints of a New Chapter," Economist, November 12, 2009, accessed September 14, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/ 14843563.
    • Economist
  • 169
    • 34547693006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Digital Provide: Information (Technology), Mar-ket Performance, and Welfare in the South Indian Fisheries Sector
    • August 1
    • Robert Jensen, "The Digital Provide: Information (Technology), Mar-ket Performance, and Welfare in the South Indian Fisheries Sector," Quarterly Journal of Economics 122, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 879-924, doi:10.1162/qjec.122.3.879;
    • (2007) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.122 , Issue.3 , pp. 879-924
    • Jensen, R.1
  • 170
    • 84957641433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • formation, Direct Access to Farmers, and Rural Market Performance in Central India (Rochester, NY: World Bank, May 2010), accessed September 30, 2014
    • Aparajita Goyal, Information, Direct Access to Farmers, and Rural Market Performance in Central India (Rochester, NY: World Bank, May 2010), accessed September 30, 2014, http://papers.ssrn .com/abstract=1613083.
    • Goyal, A.1
  • 171
    • 84957696877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beth Simone Noveck, Wiki Government: How Technology Can Make Govern-ment Better, Democracy Stronger, and Citizens More Powerful (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2010).
    • Beth Simone Noveck, Wiki Government: How Technology Can Make Govern-ment Better, Democracy Stronger, and Citizens More Powerful (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2010).
  • 172
    • 84957629844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • an Iranian Image, a Missile Too Many
    • July 10, 2008
    • Mike Nizza and Patrick Lyon, "In an Iranian Image, a Missile Too Many," Lede, July 10, 2008, http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/07/10/ in-an-iranian-image-a-missile-too-many/.
    • Lede
    • Mike, N.1    Patrick, L.2
  • 173
    • 84957663731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiananmen Effect: 'Big Yellow Duck' a Banned Term
    • June 4, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Josh Chin, "Tiananmen Effect: 'Big Yellow Duck' a Banned Term," China Real Time Report, June 4, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2013/06/04/tiananmen-effect -big-yellow-duck-a-banned-term/.
    • China Real Time Report
    • Chin, J.1
  • 174
    • 84957693290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of Revelation and Revolution, vol. 1, Christianity, Colonialism, and Consciousness in South Africa (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991).
    • Jean Comaroff and John L. Comaroff, Of Revelation and Revolution, vol. 1, Christianity, Colonialism, and Consciousness in South Africa (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991).
    • Jean, C.1    John Comaroff, L.2
  • 175
    • 84957641389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication Power (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011)
    • Manuel Castells, Communication Power (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011).
    • Castells, M.1
  • 176
    • 84957611225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Startup Rising: The Entrepreneurial Revolution Remaking the Middle East (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013)
    • Christopher M. Schroeder, Startup Rising: The Entrepreneurial Revolution Remaking the Middle East (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).
    • Christopher Schroeder, M.1
  • 177
    • 84922956023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media Commercialization and Authoritarian Rule in China (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013)
    • Daniela Stockmann, Media Commercialization and Authoritarian Rule in China (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013).
    • Stockmann, D.1
  • 178
    • 77955949357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Political Tool: Text Messaging
    • June 30, 2005, accessed September 14, 2014
    • Cathy Hong, "New Political Tool: Text Messaging," Christian Science Monitor, June 30, 2005, accessed September 14, 2014, http://www .csmonitor.com/2005/0630/p13s01-stct.html.
    • Christian Science Monitor
    • Hong, C.1
  • 179
    • 84957644671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Political Tool: Text Messaging
    • June 30, 2005, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Cathy Hong, "New Political Tool: Text Messaging," USA Today, June 30, 2005, accessed September 30, 2014, http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/ tech/news/2005-06-30-politics-text-tool_x.htm.
    • USA Today
    • Hong, C.1
  • 180
    • 84957628808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does Social Media Make a Difference in Political Campaigns? Digital Dividends in Brazil's 2010 National Elections (Se-attle: Center for Communication and Civic Engagement, June 2013), accessed September 30, 2014
    • Jason Gilmore and Philip N. Howard, Does Social Media Make a Difference in Political Campaigns? Digital Dividends in Brazil's 2010 National Elections (Se-attle: Center for Communication and Civic Engagement, June 2013), accessed September 30, 2014, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers. cfm?abstract_id=2273832;
    • Jason, G.1    Philip Howard, N.2
  • 181
    • 84957615692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • eds., Sociological Perspectives (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, n.d.)
    • James Elliot, Robert O'Brien, and Jean Stockard, eds., Sociological Perspectives (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, n.d.).
    • James, E.1    O'Brien, R.2    Jean, S.3
  • 182
    • 84957702051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More Tweets, More Votes-It Works for Google Searches, Too!
    • February 14, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Fabio Rojas, "More Tweets, More Votes-It Works for Google Searches, Too!" Orgtheory.net, February 14, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://orgtheory.wordpress.com/2014/02/14/more-tweets-more -votes-it-works-for-google-searches-too/.
    • Orgtheory.net
    • Rojas, F.1
  • 183
    • 84957647325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Internet Has Become the Main Battlefield of Ideo-logical Struggle
    • October 15
    • Liu Yazhou, "The Internet Has Become the Main Battlefield of Ideo-logical Struggle," China Scope, no. 66 (October 15, 2013): 32;
    • (2013) China Scope , vol.66 , pp. 32
    • Yazhou, L.1
  • 184
    • 84920475052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • China Must Reform or Die
    • August 12, 2010, accessed September 30, 2014
    • John Garnaut, "China Must Reform or Die," Sydney Morning Herald, August 12, 2010, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.smh.com.au/world/ china-must-reform-or-die-20100811-11zxd.html.
    • Sydney Morning Herald
    • Garnaut, J.1
  • 185
    • 84856920252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "A Dangerous Year," Economist, January 28, 2012, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014
    • "A Dangerous Year," Economist, January 28, 2012, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21543477.
  • 186
    • 34250017093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Howard and Adrienne Massanari, "Learning to Search and Searching to Learn: Income, Education, and Experience Online," Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
    • Philip N. Howard and Adrienne Massanari, "Learning to Search and Searching to Learn: Income, Education, and Experience Online," Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 12, no. 3 (April 1, 2007): 846-65, doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00353.x.
    • (2007) , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 846-865
    • Philip, N.1
  • 187
    • 79957935781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • formation Technolo-gies and Omnivorous News Diets over Three U.S. Presidential Elections
    • Adrienne L. Massanari and Philip N. Howard, "Information Technolo-gies and Omnivorous News Diets over Three U.S. Presidential Elections," Journal of Information Technology & Politics 8, no. 2 (2011): 177-98, doi: 10.1080/19331681.2011.541702.
    • (2011) Journal of Information Technology & Politics , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 177-198
    • Adrienne Massanari, L.1    Philip Howard, N.2
  • 188
    • 84951029013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Society Online: The Internet in Context
    • Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Philip N. Howard and Steve Jones, Society Online: The Internet in Context (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2004).
    • (2004)
    • Philip Howard, N.1    Steve, J.2
  • 189
    • 84881262309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social Infiuence Bias: A Randomized Experiment
    • Lev Muchnik, Sinan Aral, and Sean J. Taylor, "Social Infiuence Bias: A Randomized Experiment," Science 341, no. 6146 (2013): 647-51, doi:10.1126/science.1240466.
    • (2013) Science , vol.341 , Issue.6146 , pp. 647-651
    • Lev, M.1    Sinan, A.2    Sean Taylor, J.3
  • 190
    • 84957658444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ex-Neo-Nazis, Ex-Terrorists Get Social Network
    • accessed September 30, 2014
    • Nic Halverson, "Ex-Neo-Nazis, Ex-Terrorists Get Social Network," Dis-covery News, April 26, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://news .discovery.com/tech/against-violent-extremism-120426.htm.
    • (2012) Dis-covery News
    • Halverson, N.1
  • 191
    • 84944736584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Quilliam Foundation," accessed June 27, 2014, http://www . quilliamfoundation.org/.
    • (2014) accessed
  • 192
    • 84872686609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jane Vincent, Migration, Diaspora, and Information Technology in Global Societies
    • New York: Routledge
    • Leopoldina Fotunati, Raul Pertierra, and Jane Vincent, Migration, Diaspora, and Information Technology in Global Societies (New York: Routledge, 2012).
    • (2012)
    • Leopoldina, F.1    Raul, P.2
  • 193
    • 84957707480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stingray Tracking Devices: Who's Got Them
    • accessed June 23
    • "Stingray Tracking Devices: Who's Got Them?" American Civil Liberties Union, accessed June 23, 2014, https://www.aclu.org/maps/stingray -tracking-devices-whos-got-them.
    • (2014) American Civil Liberties Union
  • 194
    • 84957653813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spy Agencies, Prime Minister's Adviser Defend Wi-Fi Data Collection
    • February 3, 2014, accessed September 30
    • Laura Payton, "Spy Agencies, Prime Minister's Adviser Defend Wi-Fi Data Collection," CBC News, February 3, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.cbc.ca/1.2521166.
    • (2014) CBC News
    • Payton, L.1
  • 195
    • 84957690923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Google Transparency Report
    • Google, Google Transparency Report, accessed September 30, 2014, http:// www.google.com/transparencyreport/.
    • (2014) accessed September
  • 196
    • 84957705045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Threat to the Entire Country
    • September 29, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • "A Threat to the Entire Country," Economist, September 29, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21563751.
    • Economist
  • 197
    • 84957666896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Khaled Said's Killing Draws 7-Year Sentences for 2 Offi-cers
    • New York Times, October 26, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Heba Afify, "Khaled Said's Killing Draws 7-Year Sentences for 2 Offi-cers," New York Times, October 26, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/27/world/middleeast/khaled -saids-killing-draws-7-year-sentences-for-2-officers.html.
    • Afify, H.1
  • 198
    • 84967035769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death of Neda Agha-Soltan
    • accessed June 26, 2014
    • "Death of Neda Agha-Soltan," Wikipedia, accessed June 26, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Neda_Agha-Soltan.
    • Wikipedia
  • 199
    • 84957707452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Video of Tortured Boy's Corpse Deepens Anger in Syria
    • New York Times, May 30, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Liam Stack, "Video of Tortured Boy's Corpse Deepens Anger in Syria," New York Times, May 30, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014, http:// www.nytimes.com/2011/05/31/world/middleeast/31syria.html.
    • Stack, L.1
  • 200
    • 84957691374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009)
    • Mancur Olson, The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009).
    • Olson, M.1
  • 201
    • 84957617918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rewire: Digital Cosmopolitans in the Age of Connection (New York: Norton, 2013)
    • Ethan Zuckerman, Rewire: Digital Cosmopolitans in the Age of Connection (New York: Norton, 2013).
    • Zuckerman, E.1
  • 202
    • 84957622389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Logic of Connective Action: Digital Media and the Personalization of Contentious Politics (New York: Cam-bridge University Press, 2014)
    • W. Lance Bennett and Alexandra Segerberg, The Logic of Connective Action: Digital Media and the Personalization of Contentious Politics (New York: Cam-bridge University Press, 2014).
    • Lance Bennett, W.1    Alexandra, S.2
  • 203
    • 84957710048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DeadUshahidi: Neither Dead Right nor Dead Wrong
    • July 5, 2012
    • "DeadUshahidi: Neither Dead Right nor Dead Wrong," iRevolution, July 5, 2012, http://irevolution.net/2012/07/05/deadushahidi/.
    • iRevolution
  • 204
    • 84957688305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital Activism and Non-Violent Confiict (Seattle: Digital Activism Research Project, No-vember 2013), accessed September 30, 2014
    • F. Edwards, Philip N. Howard, and Mary Joyce, Digital Activism and Non-Violent Confiict (Seattle: Digital Activism Research Project, No-vember 2013), accessed September 30, 2014, http://digital-activism .org/2013/11/report-on-digital-activism-and-non-violent-confiict/.
    • Edwards, F.1    Philip Howard, N.2    Mary, J.3
  • 205
    • 84896056107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Parable of Google Flu: Traps in Big Data Analy-sis
    • David M. Lazer et al., "The Parable of Google Flu: Traps in Big Data Analy-sis," Science 343, no. 6176 (2014): 1203-5, doi:10.1126/science.1248506.
    • (2014) Science , vol.343 , Issue.6176 , pp. 1203-1205
    • David Lazer, M.1
  • 206
    • 84957681233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal Reserve Banks Announce New Study to Exam-ine Nation's Payments Usage
    • (Washington, DC: Federal Reserve Fi-nancial Services Policy Committee, January 17, 2013), accessed Sep-tember 30, 2014
    • June Gates, "Federal Reserve Banks Announce New Study to Exam-ine Nation's Payments Usage" (Washington, DC: Federal Reserve Fi-nancial Services Policy Committee, January 17, 2013), accessed Sep-tember 30, 2014, http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/press/ other/20130117a.htm.
    • Gates, J.1
  • 207
    • 84926097400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Media Campaigns and the Managed Citizen (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005)
    • Philip N. Howard, New Media Campaigns and the Managed Citizen (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
    • Philip Howard, N.1
  • 208
    • 84957669887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premise
    • June 30, 2014
    • Premise, accessed June 30, 2014, http://www.premise.com/.
    • accessed
  • 209
    • 84957704563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M-Paisa: Ending Afghan Corruption, One Text at a Time
    • October 17, 2010, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Monty Munford, "M-Paisa: Ending Afghan Corruption, One Text at a Time," TechCrunch, October 17, 2010, accessed September 30, 2014, http:// techcrunch.com/2010/10/17/m-paisa-ending-afghan-corruption-one -text-at-a-time/.
    • TechCrunch
    • Munford, M.1
  • 210
    • 84957673369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warmed-up Numbers
    • June 23, 2012, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014
    • "Warmed-up Numbers," Economist, June 23, 2012, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21557366#.
    • Economist
  • 211
    • 84957694909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betting on Syria's Assad Staying in Power
    • February 10, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Bernd Debusmann, "Betting on Syria's Assad Staying in Power," Reuters, February 10, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://in.reuters.com/ article/2012/02/10/column-debusmann-idINDEE8190FA20120210;
    • Reuters
    • Debusmann, B.1
  • 212
    • 84860241808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What Makes Heroic Strife
    • April 21, 2012, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014
    • "What Makes Heroic Strife," Economist, April 21, 2012, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21553006.
    • Economist
  • 213
    • 84957682693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For more on the empires of contemporary media, see Tim Wu, The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires (New York: Vintage, 2010)
    • For more on the empires of contemporary media, see Tim Wu, The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires (New York: Vintage, 2010).
  • 214
    • 84957667549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Internet Economy in the G-20
    • 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Boston Consulting Group, The Internet Economy in the G-20, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.bcg.com/documents/file100409.pdf.
  • 215
    • 84957609169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IPv6
    • accessed June 30, 2014
    • "IPv6," Wikipedia, accessed June 30, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/IPv6.
    • Wikipedia
  • 216
    • 84957664866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State Enemies Archive-The Enemies of Internet
    • The Enemies of the Internet: Reporters Without Borders, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • "State Enemies Archive-The Enemies of Internet," The Enemies of the Internet: Reporters Without Borders, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://surveillance.rsf.org/en/category/state-enemies/.
  • 217
    • 84957641510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reporters Without Borders: For the First Time, America Is an Enemy of the Internet
    • Washington Post, March 14, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Brian Fung, "Reporters Without Borders: For the First Time, America Is an Enemy of the Internet," Washington Post, March 14, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the -switch/wp/2014/03/14/reporters-without-borders-for-the-first -time-america-is-an-enemy-of-the-internet/.
    • Fung, B.1
  • 218
    • 34347359691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • May 24, 2007, accessed September 30, 2014
    • "Greatest Hits," Economist, May 24, 2007, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/9228794.
    • Economist
  • 219
    • 84957613497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saudi Arabia, Report (Washington, DC: Depart-ment 0f State, Office of Website Management, Bureau of Public Affairs, June 2012), accessed September 30, 2014
    • U.S. Department of State, Saudi Arabia, Report (Washington, DC: Depart-ment 0f State, Office of Website Management, Bureau of Public Affairs, June 2012), accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.state.gov/e/ eb/rls/othr/ics/2012/191229.htm.
  • 220
    • 84957677211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mobile Payments Go Viral: M-Pesa in Kenya
    • Yes Africa Can: Stories from a Dynamic Continent (Washington, DC: World Bank, Janu-ary 2013), accessed September 30, 2014
    • World Bank, "Mobile Payments Go Viral: M-Pesa in Kenya," Yes Africa Can: Stories from a Dynamic Continent (Washington, DC: World Bank, Janu-ary 2013), accessed September 30, 2014, http://web.worldbank.org/
  • 221
    • 84957690240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airtime-Cellphone Banking-FNB
    • accessed June 30, 2014
    • "Airtime-Cellphone Banking-FNB," accessed June 30, 2014, https:// www.fnb.co.za/ways-to-bank/airtime.html.
  • 222
    • 84957671182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 30, 2014
    • "iHub," accessed June 30, 2014, http://www.ihub.co.ke/research.
  • 223
    • 84957667340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economist, November 10, 2012, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014
    • "Vital for the Poor," Economist, November 10, 2012, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014, http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and -africa/21566022-report-describes-sacrifices-poor-make-keep-mobile -phone-vital.
  • 224
    • 84957643423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mobile Usage at the Base of the Pyramid in Kenya
    • foDev: Growing Innovation (Washington, DC: World Bank, Decem-ber 2012), accessed September 30, 2014
    • World Bank, "Mobile Usage at the Base of the Pyramid in Kenya," infoDev: Growing Innovation (Washington, DC: World Bank, Decem-ber 2012), accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.infodev.org/ infodev-files/final_kenya_bop_study_web_jan_02_2013_0.pdf.
  • 225
    • 84957609096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 20, 2014
    • "Map Kibera," accessed June 20, 2014, http://mapkibera.org/.
  • 226
    • 84957718543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 10 Twitter Bot Services to Simplify Your Life
    • October 23, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014
    • David Daw, "10 Twitter Bot Services to Simplify Your Life," TechHive, October 23, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.techhive .com/article/242338/10_twitter_bot_services_to_simplify_your_life .html.
    • TechHive
    • Daw, D.1
  • 227
    • 84957704845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open Government Initiatives Helped New Yorkers Stay Connected During Hurricane Sandy
    • January 11, 2013, ac-cessed September 30, 2014
    • Rachel Haot, "Open Government Initiatives Helped New Yorkers Stay Connected During Hurricane Sandy," TechCrunch, January 11, 2013, ac-cessed September 30, 2014, http://techcrunch.com/2013/01/11/ data-and-digital-saved-lives-in-nyc-during-hurricane-sandy/.
    • TechCrunch
    • Haot, R.1
  • 228
    • 84957635824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2011)
    • Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2011).
    • Samuel Huntington, P.1
  • 229
    • 84957666679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 30, 2014
    • "Global Voices," accessed June 30, 2014, http://globalvoicesonline .org.
  • 230
    • 33645758831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declaration of Independence of Cyberspace
    • 1996, accessed September 30, 201
    • John Perry Barlows, "Declaration of Independence of Cyberspace," 1996, accessed September 30, 2014, http://wac.colostate.edu/rhetnet/ barlow/barlow_declaration.html;
    • Barlows, J.P.1
  • 231
    • 84957712325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Internet Free-dom: The Prepared Text of Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton's Speech, Delivered at the Newseum in Washington, DC," Foreign Policy, January 21, 2010, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Hillary Clinton, "Internet Free-dom: The Prepared Text of Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton's Speech, Delivered at the Newseum in Washington, DC," Foreign Policy, January 21, 2010, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.foreign policy.com/articles/2010/01/21/internet_freedom.
    • Clinton, H.1
  • 232
    • 84957648170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 30, 2014
    • "Aga Khan Development Network," accessed June 30, 2014, http:// www.akdn.org/.
  • 233
    • 84957648423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 30, 2014 "Cen-tre for Applied Nonviolent Action and Strategies," Wikipedia, accessed June 6, 2014
    • "Telecomix," accessed June 30, 2014, http://telecomix.org/; "Cen-tre for Applied Nonviolent Action and Strategies," Wikipedia, accessed June 6, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied _Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies.
  • 234
    • 84957693570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 30, 2014 Gigi Ibrahim, "Piggiepedia," Tahrir and Beyond, July 5, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014
    • "Nawaat," accessed June 30, 2014, http://nawaat.org/portail/; Gigi Ibrahim, "Piggiepedia," Tahrir and Beyond, July 5, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014, http://theangryegyptian.wordpress.com/category/piggiepedia/.
  • 236
    • 84957646642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Access: Mobilizing for Global Digital Freedom
    • accessed June 30, 2014
    • "Access: Mobilizing for Global Digital Freedom," accessed June 30, 2014, https://www.accessnow.org/.
  • 237
    • 84957691385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 30, 2014
    • "Pirate Party International," accessed June 30, 2014, http://www .pp-international.net/.
  • 238
    • 84967305996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higgins on Social Media and Syria
    • accessed June 30, 2014
    • CBC News, "Higgins on Social Media and Syria," accessed June 30, 2014, http://podcast.cbc.ca/mp3/podcasts/current_20131216_73168 .mp3.
  • 239
    • 84957706525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 30, 2014
    • "Uchaguzi," accessed June 30, 2014, https://uchaguzi.co.ke/.
  • 240
    • 84957690796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steven Livingston, Africa's Information Revolution: Implications for Crime, Polic-ing, and Citizen Security (Washington, DC: Africa Center for Strategic Stud-ies, November 2013), accessed September 30, 2014
    • Steven Livingston, Africa's Information Revolution: Implications for Crime, Polic-ing, and Citizen Security (Washington, DC: Africa Center for Strategic Stud-ies, November 2013), accessed September 30, 2014, http://oai.dtic .mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD A588374.
  • 241
    • 84957704762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 30, 2014
    • "India Kanoon," accessed June 30, 2014, http://www.indiankanoon .org/about.html.
  • 242
    • 84957636427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 27, 2014
    • "LizaAlert," accessed June 27, 2014, http://lizaalert.org/.
  • 243
    • 84957708182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holoda Rynda
    • accessed June 30, 2014 "Rynda," accessed June 30, 2014
    • "Holoda Rynda," accessed June 30, 2014, http://holoda.rynda.org/; "Rynda," accessed June 30, 2014, http://rynda.org/.
  • 244
    • 84957637527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not in My Country
    • accessed June 30, 2014
    • "Not in My Country," accessed June 30, 2014, https://www.notinmy country.org/.
  • 245
    • 84957632775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I Paid a Bribe
    • accessed June 30, 2014
    • "I Paid a Bribe," accessed June 30, 2014, http://www.ipaidabribe .com/#gsc.tab=0; "I Paid a Bribe: Kenya," accessed June 30, 2014, http://ipaidabribe.or.ke/;
  • 246
    • 84957708947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kenya
    • accessed June 30, 2014
    • "enya," accessed June 30, 2014, http://ipaidabribe.or.ke/;
  • 247
    • 84957628133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I Paid a Bribe: Pakistan
    • accessed June 30, 2014
    • "I Paid a Bribe: Pakistan," accessed June 30, 2014, http://www.ipaidbribe.pk/.
  • 248
    • 84957670108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 30, 2014
    • "Kiirti," accessed June 30, 2014, http://www.kiirti.org/static/view/ whatiskiirti.
  • 249
    • 84859309799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social Media and the De-cision to Participate in Political Protest: Observations from Tahrir Square
    • Zeynep Tufekci and Christopher Wilson, "Social Media and the De-cision to Participate in Political Protest: Observations from Tahrir Square," Journal of Communication 62, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 363-79, doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01629.x.
    • (2012) Journal of Communication , vol.62 , Issue.2
  • 250
    • 84957629350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When the Press Fails: Political Power and the News Media from Iraq to Katrina (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008)
    • W. Lance Bennett, Regina G. Lawrence, and Steven Livingston, When the Press Fails: Political Power and the News Media from Iraq to Katrina (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008).
    • Lance Bennett, W.1    Regina Lawrence, G.2    Steven, L.3
  • 251
    • 84957686998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safecast
    • accessed June 30, 2014
    • "Safecast," accessed June 30, 2014, http://blog.safecast.org/.
  • 252
    • 84966789496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Google Takes on the Drug Cartels
    • July 19, 2012, ac-cessed September 30, 2014
    • John Sutter, "Google Takes on the Drug Cartels," CNN, July 19, 2012, ac-cessed September 30, 2014, http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/19/tech/ web/google-ideas-crime/index.html.
    • CNN
    • Sutter, J.1
  • 253
    • 84957645877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social Physics: How Good Ideas Spread-The Lessons from a New Science (New York: Penguin, 2014)
    • Alex Pentland, Social Physics: How Good Ideas Spread-The Lessons from a New Science (New York: Penguin, 2014).
    • Pentland, A.1
  • 254
    • 84861974217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical Questions for Big Data: Prov-ocations for a Cultural, Technological, and Scholarly Phenomenon
    • Communication, and Society
    • danah boyd and Kate Crawford, "Critical Questions for Big Data: Prov-ocations for a Cultural, Technological, and Scholarly Phenomenon," Information, Communication, and Society 15, no. 5 (2012): 662-79, doi:0.10 80/1369118X.2012.678878.
    • (2012) Information , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 662-679
    • Danah, B.1    Kate, C.2
  • 255
    • 84957709025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anonymity, Privacy, and Security Online, Internet Project (Washington, DC: Pew Research, September 2013), accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014
    • Lee Rainie et al., Anonymity, Privacy, and Security Online, Internet Project (Washington, DC: Pew Research, September 2013), accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014, http://www.pewinternet.org/2013/09/05/anonymity -privacy-and-security-online/.
    • Lee, R.1
  • 256
    • 84957609437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black Code: Inside the Battle for Cyberspace (Toronto: Sig-nal, 2013)
    • Ronald J. Deibert, Black Code: Inside the Battle for Cyberspace (Toronto: Sig-nal, 2013).
    • Ronald Deibert, J.1
  • 257
    • 84957614725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning from SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease Out-break: Workshop Summary (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, January 2004), accessed September 30, 2014
    • Stacey Knobler et al., Learning from SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease Out-break: Workshop Summary (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, January 2004), accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.nap.edu/ openbook.php?record_id=10915.
    • Stacey, K.1
  • 258
    • 84957610332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stupid Data Miner Tricks: How Quants Fool Them-selves and the Economic Indicator in Your Pants
    • July 24, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • David Leinweber, "Stupid Data Miner Tricks: How Quants Fool Them-selves and the Economic Indicator in Your Pants," Forbes, July 24, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/ davidleinweber/2012/07/24/stupid-data-miner-tricks-quants-fooling -themselves-the-economic-indicator-in-your-pants/.
    • Forbes
    • Leinweber, D.1
  • 259
    • 84957698363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fiber-Optic Cable Benefiting Only Cuban Govern-ment
    • May 26, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Juan O. Tamayo, "Fiber-Optic Cable Benefiting Only Cuban Govern-ment," Miami Herald, May 26, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/05/25/2817534/fiber-optic -cable-benefiting-only.html.
    • Miami Herald
    • Juan Tamayo, O.1
  • 260
    • 84957713936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S.-Style Personal Data Gathering Is Spreading World-wide
    • October 16, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Adam Tanner, "U.S.-Style Personal Data Gathering Is Spreading World-wide," Forbes, October 16, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http:// www.forbes.com/sites/adamtanner/2013/10/16/u-s-style-personal -data-gathering-spreading-worldwide/.
    • Forbes
    • Tanner, A.1
  • 261
    • 84957638367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Police Warn over Drugs Cyber-Attack
    • Oc-tober 16, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Tom Bateman, "Police Warn over Drugs Cyber-Attack," BBC News, Oc-tober 16, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.bbc.co.uk/ news/world-europe-24539417.
    • BBC News
    • Bateman, T.1
  • 262
    • 84957642010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Hilarious Coded Riff on China's Government: 'Going Shopping for the 18th Time
    • October 14, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Xiaoying Zhou, "A Hilarious Coded Riff on China's Government: 'Going Shopping for the 18th Time,'" Tea Leaf Nation, October 14, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.tealeafnation.com/2012/11/a-hilarious -coded-riff-on-chinas-government-going-shopping-for-the-18th-time/.
    • Tea Leaf Nation
    • Zhou, X.1
  • 263
    • 84957643868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • China Has More Internet Monitors Than Soldiers
    • October 8, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Lily Kuo, "China Has More Internet Monitors Than Soldiers," Quartz, Oc-tober 8, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://qz.com/132590/ china-has-more-internet-monitors-than-active-army-personnel/.
    • Quartz
    • Kuo, L.1
  • 264
    • 84957697773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupying the Information High Ground: Chinese Capabilities for Computer Network Operations and Cyber Espionage (Falls Church, VA: Northrop Grumman Corporation, March 2012), ac-cessed September 30, 2014
    • Brian Kretal, Paton Adams, and George Bakos, Occupying the Information High Ground: Chinese Capabilities for Computer Network Operations and Cyber Espionage (Falls Church, VA: Northrop Grumman Corporation, March 2012), ac-cessed September 30, 2014, http://origin.www.uscc.gov/sites/default/ files/Research/USCC_Report_Chinese_Capabilities_for_Computer _Network_Operations_and_Cyber_%20Espionage.pdf.
    • Brian, K.1    Paton, A.2    George, B.3
  • 265
    • 84957655703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five Points on the Deeply Flawed U.S. Congress Hua-wei Report
    • October 10, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Graham Webster, "Five Points on the Deeply Flawed U.S. Congress Hua-wei Report," Transpacifica, October 10, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://transpacifica.net/2012/10/10/five-points-on-the-deeply-fiawed -u-s-congress-huawei-report/.
    • Transpacifica
    • Webster, G.1
  • 266
    • 84877264447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Ex-pression
    • Gary King, Jennifer Pan, and Margaret E. Roberts, "How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Ex-pression," American Political Science Review 107, no. 02 (2013): 326-43, doi:10.1017/S0003055413000014.
    • (2013) American Political Science Review , vol.107 , Issue.2 , pp. 326-343
    • Gary, K.1    Jennifer, P.2    Margaret Roberts, E.3
  • 267
    • 84957659234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ternet Censorship in China
    • accessed September 30, 2014
    • "Internet Censorship in China," Wikipedia, accessed September 30, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China.
    • Wikipedia
  • 268
    • 84966915832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the 'Slow' Chinese Internet and the Prospects for China: One More Round
    • May 30, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • James Fallows, "On the 'Slow' Chinese Internet and the Prospects for China: One More Round," Atlantic, May 30, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/05/on -the-slow-chinese-internet-and-the-prospects-for-china-one-more -round/257878/.
    • Atlantic
    • Fallows, J.1
  • 269
    • 84957646184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akamai State of the Internet Report Quarter 1: 2014 (Cambridge, MA: Akamai, January 2014), accessed September 30, 2014
    • Akamai State of the Internet Report Quarter 1: 2014 (Cambridge, MA: Akamai, January 2014), accessed September 30, 2014, http://www. akamai .com/stateoftheinternet/;
  • 270
    • 84957690940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • China Hard-ens Grip Before Meeting
    • November 10, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Brian Spegele and Paul Mozur, "China Hard-ens Grip Before Meeting," Wall Street Journal, November 10, 2012, ac-cessed September 30, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052970204707104578092461228569642.
    • Wall Street Journal
    • Brian, S.1    Paul, M.2
  • 271
    • 84957608982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The People's Republic of Hacking
    • January 31, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Adam Segal, "The People's Republic of Hacking," Foreign Policy, Janu-ary 31, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.foreignpolicy .com/articles/2013/01/31/the_people_s_republic_of_hacking_china _new_york_times?wp_login_redirect=0.
    • Foreign Policy
    • Segal, A.1
  • 272
    • 84957639489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winds from the East: How the People's Republic of China Seeks to Infiuence the Media in Africa, Latin America, and South-east Asia (Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance, September 2010), accessed September 30, 2014
    • Douglas Farah and Andy Mosher, Winds from the East: How the People's Republic of China Seeks to Infiuence the Media in Africa, Latin America, and South-east Asia (Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance, September 2010), accessed September 30, 2014, http://cima.ned.org/ sites/default/files/CIMA-China-Report_1.pdf.
    • Douglas, F.1    Andy, M.2
  • 273
    • 84957638358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http://www.tealeafnation.com/tealeafnation.com.
  • 274
    • 84966749051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • China Blocks Web Access to Times
    • October 25, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Keith Bradsher, "China Blocks Web Access to Times," New York Times, October 25, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.nytimes .com/2012/10/26/world/asia/china-blocks-web-access-to-new-york -times.html.
    • New York Times
    • Bradsher, K.1
  • 275
    • 84957703496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xi Jinping Millionaire Relations Reveal Fortunes of Elite
    • June 29, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Bloomberg News, "Xi Jinping Millionaire Relations Reveal Fortunes of Elite," Bloomberg, June 29, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-06-29/xi-jinping-millionaire -relations-reveal-fortunes-of-elite.html.
    • Bloomberg
  • 276
    • 84874579524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Georgetown Students Shed Light on China's Tunnel Sys-tem for Nuclear Weapons
    • Washington Post, November 29, 2009, accessed September 30, 2014
    • William Wan, "Georgetown Students Shed Light on China's Tunnel Sys-tem for Nuclear Weapons," Washington Post, November 29, 2009, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national -security/georgetown-students-shed-light-on-chinas-tunnel-system-for -nuclear-weapons/2011/11/16/gIQA6AmKAO_story.html.
    • Wan, W.1
  • 277
    • 84957643188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http://personaldemocracy.com/jessica-beinecke.
  • 278
    • 84957706477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http://youtu.be/TorXQUb0SXo, http://youtu.be/LPIovmLzGWo.
  • 279
    • 84957620793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crowd Sourcing or Cadre Sourcing: Why the Chinese Government Cannot Rely on the Internet for Information
    • presented at the International Studies Association, San Diego, 2012
    • Pontus Wallin, "Crowd Sourcing or Cadre Sourcing: Why the Chinese Government Cannot Rely on the Internet for Information" (presented at the International Studies Association, San Diego, 2012).
    • Wallin, P.1
  • 280
    • 84957637579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http://www.interseliger.com/.
  • 281
    • 84957642174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social Media and the New Cold War
    • 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Philip N. Howard, "Social Media and the New Cold War," The Great Debate, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://blogs.reuters.com/ great-debate/2012/08/01/social-media-and-the-new-cold-war/.
    • The Great Debate
    • Philip Howard, N.1
  • 282
    • 84957651710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http://www.pinterest.com/pin/379569074817799499/.
  • 283
    • 84966915840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Russian Wikipedia Closes Site to Protest Internet Law
    • July 10, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Thomas Grove, "Russian Wikipedia Closes Site to Protest Internet Law," Reuters, July 10, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www .reuters.com/article/2012/07/10/net-us-russia-wikipedia-protest -idUSBRE8690NY20120710.
    • Reuters
    • Grove, T.1
  • 284
    • 84957686553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http://youtu.be/jxf-nRTDvGQ.
  • 285
    • 84957641573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • side Putin's Campaign of Social Media Trolling and Faked Ukrainian Crimes
    • May 11, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Paul Roderick Gregory, "Inside Putin's Campaign of Social Media Trolling and Faked Ukrainian Crimes," Forbes, May 11, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/paulroderickgregory/2014/05/11/ inside-putins-campaign-of-social-media-trolling-and-faked-ukrainian -crimes/.
    • Forbes
  • 286
    • 84957681028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freedom House, Venezuela, Freedom on the Net 2013 (Washington, DC: Freedom House, January 2013), accessed September 30, 2014
    • Freedom House, Venezuela, Freedom on the Net 2013 (Washington, DC: Freedom House, January 2013), accessed September 30, 2014, http:// www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/2013/venezuela#. U7Dv0vmSxad.
  • 287
    • 84957670391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Webcams Can Record Secretly
    • accessed June 30, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Katherine Musslewhite, "Webcams Can Record Secretly," Washington Post, accessed June 30, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http:// www.washingtonpost.com/posttv/business/technology/webcams -can-record-secretly/2013/12/18/3a48220c-6771-11e3-ae56-22de0 72140a2_video.html.
    • Washington Post
    • Musslewhite, K.1
  • 288
    • 84957703044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • China 'Hacking Websites in Hunt for Tibetan Dissi-dents
    • August 13, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Dean Nelson, "China 'Hacking Websites in Hunt for Tibetan Dissi-dents,'" Telegraph, August 13, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http:// www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/10240404/ China-hacking-websites-in-hunt-for-Tibetan-dissidents.html.
    • Telegraph
    • Nelson, D.1
  • 289
    • 84957686503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AntiLeaks Boss: We'll Keep Pummeling WikiLeaks and As-sange
    • August 13, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Iain Thomson, "AntiLeaks Boss: We'll Keep Pummeling WikiLeaks and As-sange," Register, August 13, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www .theregister.co.uk/2012/08/13/antileaks_wikileaks_attack_response/.
    • Register
    • Thomson, I.1
  • 290
    • 84967036176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amnesty International Site Serving Java Exploit
    • December 22, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Brian Krebs, "Amnesty International Site Serving Java Exploit," Krebs on Se-curity, December 22, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014, http://krebson security.com/2011/12/amnesty-international-site-serving-java-exploit/.
    • Krebs on Security
    • Krebs, B.1
  • 291
    • 84957718376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IK Servers Are Getting DDoSed Using the DNS Refiec-tion Attack
    • dian Kanoon (October 19, 2013), accessed September 30, 2014
    • indiankanoon, "IK Servers Are Getting DDoSed Using the DNS Refiec-tion Attack," Indian Kanoon (October 19, 2013), accessed September 30, 2014, https://twitter.com/indiankanoon/status/391497714451492865.
  • 292
    • 84957612092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Filter Bubble: How the New Personalized Web Is Changing What We Read and How We Think (London: Penguin, 2011)
    • Eli Pariser, The Filter Bubble: How the New Personalized Web Is Changing What We Read and How We Think (London: Penguin, 2011).
    • Pariser, E.1
  • 293
    • 84975203437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 in 10 Twitter Accounts Is Fake, Say Researchers
    • November 26, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Keith Wagstaff, "1 in 10 Twitter Accounts Is Fake, Say Researchers," NBC News, November 26, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http:// www.nbcnews.com/technology/1-10-twitter-accounts-fake-sayresearchers-2D11655362;
    • NBC News
    • Wagstaff, K.1
  • 294
    • 79955982157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On Botnets
    • Proceed-ings of the 12th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-Based Applications and Services (New York: ACM, 2010), 5-10, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014
    • Won Kim et al., "On Botnets," in Proceed-ings of the 12th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-Based Applications and Services (New York: ACM, 2010), 5-10, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014, http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1967488.
    • Won, K.1
  • 295
    • 85170015245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who Is Tweeting on Twitter: Human, Bot, or Cy-borg?
    • Proceedings of the 26th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (New York: ACM, 2010), 21-30, accessed September 30
    • Zi Chu,et al., "Who Is Tweeting on Twitter: Human, Bot, or Cy-borg?" in Proceedings of the 26th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (New York: ACM, 2010), 21-30, accessed September 30, 2014, http:// dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1920265.
    • Zi, C.1
  • 296
    • 84957694739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's Your Egg Count? Block Spam Bots Fol-lowing You on Twitter
    • accessed September 30, 2014
    • Joan Woodbrey Crocker, "What's Your Egg Count? Block Spam Bots Fol-lowing You on Twitter," Flyte New Media, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.takefiyte.com/fiyte/2011/08/whats-your-egg-count-block -spam-bots-following-you-on-twitter.html.
    • Flyte New Media
    • Crocker, J.W.1
  • 297
    • 85022018878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Rise of Twitter Bots
    • November 15, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Rob Dubbin, "The Rise of Twitter Bots," New Yorker Blogs, November 15, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.newyorker.com/ online/blogs/elements/2013/11/the-rise-of-twitter-bots.html.
    • New Yorker Blogs
    • Dubbin, R.1
  • 298
    • 84966927722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spam Bots Flooding Twitter to Drown Info About #Syria Protests
    • April 18, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Anas Qtiesh, "Spam Bots Flooding Twitter to Drown Info About #Syria Protests," Anas Qtiesh's Blog, April 18, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.anasqtiesh.com/2011/04/spam-bots-fiooding-twitter-to -drown-info-about-syria-protests/;
    • Anas Qtiesh's Blog
    • Qtiesh, A.1
  • 299
    • 84967035831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to Spot a Twitter Spambot
    • November 8, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Taylor Casti, "How to Spot a Twitter Spambot," Mashable, November 8, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://mashable.com/2013/11/08/twitter-spambots/;
    • Mashable
    • Casti, T.1
  • 300
    • 84957640571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Syria's Twitter Spambots
    • April 21, 2011, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014
    • Jillian C. York, "Syria's Twitter Spambots," Guardian, April 21, 2011, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/ apr/21/syria-twitter-spambots-pro-revolution.
    • Guardian
    • Jillian York, C.1
  • 301
    • 84957702062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Qtiesh, "Spam Bots Flooding Twitter to Drown Info About #Syria Protests."
    • Qtiesh, "Spam Bots Flooding Twitter to Drown Info About #Syria Protests."
  • 302
    • 84866597254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twitter Bots Drown Out Anti-Kremlin Tweets
    • December 8, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Brian Krebs, "Twitter Bots Drown Out Anti-Kremlin Tweets," Krebs on Se-curity, December 8, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014, http://krebsonsecurity.com/2011/12/twitter-bots-drown-out-anti-kremlin-tweets/;
    • Krebs on Security
    • Krebs, B.1
  • 303
    • 84962527092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twitter Mischief Plagues Mexico's Election
    • June 21, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Mike Orcutt, "Twitter Mischief Plagues Mexico's Election," MIT Technology Review, June 21, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.tech nologyreview.com/news/428286/twitter-mischief-plagues-mexicos -election/;
    • MIT Technology Review
    • Orcutt, M.1
  • 304
    • 84967029160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twitter Bots Target Tibetan Protests
    • March 20, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Brian Krebs, "Twitter Bots Target Tibetan Protests," Krebs on Security, March 20, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://krebson security.com/2012/03/twitter-bots-target-tibetan-protests/;
    • Krebs on Security
    • Krebs, B.1
  • 305
    • 84963498865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Coalition's Twitter Fraud and Deception
    • August 26, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Torin Peel, "The Coalition's Twitter Fraud and Deception," Independent Australia, Au-gust 26, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.independent australia.net/politics/politics-display/the-coalitions-twitter-fraud-and -deception,5660;
    • Independent Australia
    • Peel, T.1
  • 306
    • 84957697954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Jasper Admits to Using Twitter Bots to Drive Election Bid," Inside Croydon, November 26, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • "Jasper Admits to Using Twitter Bots to Drive Election Bid," Inside Croydon, November 26, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://insidecroydon.com/2012/11/26/jasper-admits-to-using-twitter -bots-to-drive-election-bid/;
  • 307
    • 84957614342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitt Romney's Fake Twitter Follower Problem
    • July 25, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • W. Oremus, "Mitt Romney's Fake Twitter Follower Problem," Slate, July 25, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/07/25/mitt_romney_fake_twitter_followers_who_s_buying_them_.html;
    • Slate
    • Oremus, W.1
  • 308
    • 84957637825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyber fuckery in Azerbaijan
    • Adventures in Research, March 10, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Katy Pearce, "Cy ber fuckery in Azerbaijan," Adventures in Research, March 10, 2013, ac-cessed September 30, 2014, http://www.katypearce.net/cyberfuckery -in- azerbaijan/; York, "Syria's Twitter Spambots"
    • Pearce, K.1
  • 309
    • 85052024286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prosecutors Detail Attempt to Sway South Korean Election
    • November 21, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Choe Sang-hun, "Prosecutors Detail Attempt to Sway South Korean Election," New York Times, November 21, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www .nytimes.com/2013/11/22/world/asia/prosecutors-detail-bid-to-sway -south-korean-election.html.
    • New York Times
    • Choe, S.-H.1
  • 310
    • 84957652975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On Botnets
    • Kim et al., "On Botnets."
    • Kim, W.1
  • 311
    • 84957689351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who Is Tweeting on Twitter?
    • Chu et al., "Who Is Tweeting on Twitter?"
    • Chu, Z.1
  • 312
    • 84957700013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Let's Make Candidates Pledge Not to Use Bots
    • January 2, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Philip N. Howard, "Let's Make Candidates Pledge Not to Use Bots," Reuters Blogs-The Great Debate, January 2, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2014/01/02/lets-make -candidates-pledge-not-to-use-bots/.
    • Reuters Blogs-The Great Debate
    • Philip Howard, N.1
  • 313
    • 84957711651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Problem of So-Called 'Push Polls': When Advocacy Calls Are Made Under the Guise of Research
    • 2007, accessed September 30, 2014
    • American Association of Public Opinion Researchers, "The Problem of So-Called 'Push Polls': When Advocacy Calls Are Made Under the Guise of Research," 2007, accessed September 30, 2014, http://aapor.org/ AAPOR_Statements_on_Push_Polls1/3850.htm#.U7ErMfmSxad.
  • 314
    • 84957651599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malaysian Air Said to Opt Out of Boeing Jet-Data Service
    • March 12, 2014, accessed Sep-tember 30, 2014
    • Julie Johnsson and Mary Schlangenstein, "Malaysian Air Said to Opt Out of Boeing Jet-Data Service," Bloomberg, March 12, 2014, accessed Sep-tember 30, 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-12/ malaysian-air-said-to-opt-out-of-boeing-plan-to-share-jets-data.html.
    • Bloomberg
    • Julie, J.1    Mary, S.2
  • 315
    • 84957664706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LG Smart TVs Logging USB Filenames and Viewing Info to LG Servers
    • November 18, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • "LG Smart TVs Logging USB Filenames and Viewing Info to LG Serv-ers," DoctorBeet's Blog, November 18, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://doctorbeet.blogspot.hu/2013/11/lg-smart-tvs-logging-usb -filenames-and.html.
    • DoctorBeet's Blog
  • 316
    • 84957689725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart TVs That Send Data Without Consent Will Be Fixed: LG
    • October 21, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • "Smart TVs That Send Data Without Consent Will Be Fixed: LG," CBC News, October 21, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.cbc .ca/1.2434710.
    • CBC News
  • 317
    • 84967312514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Researchers Demo How Smart TVs Can Watch You
    • 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Ericka Chickowski, "Researchers Demo How Smart TVs Can Watch You," Guardian, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www. theguardian .com/media-network/partner-zone-infosecurity/smart-tv-security-risks? CMP=twt_gu.
    • Guardian
    • Chickowski, E.1
  • 318
    • 84957619967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wired Shut: Copyright and the Shape of Digital Culture, rpt. ed. (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009)
    • Tarleton Gillespie, Wired Shut: Copyright and the Shape of Digital Culture, rpt. ed. (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009).
    • Gillespie, T.1
  • 319
    • 84957684918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bolivia: Borders Will Have Biometric Security Mea-sures
    • October 24, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Lucas Radicella, "Bolivia: Borders Will Have Biometric Security Mea-sures," Argentina Independent, October 24, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.argentinaindependent.com/currentaffairs/news fromlatinamerica/bolivia-borders-will-have-biometric-security -measures/.
    • Argentina Independent
    • Radicella, L.1
  • 320
    • 84957699361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colombia's Supreme Court Drops 2 Charges Against For-mer Intelligence Director in Wire Tapping Scandal Case
    • October 9, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Silvia Higuera, "Colombia's Supreme Court Drops 2 Charges Against For-mer Intelligence Director in Wire Tapping Scandal Case," Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas, October 9, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, https://knightcenter.utexas.edu/blog/00-14561-colombias-supreme -court-drops-2-charges-against-former-intelligence-director-wire -tapp.
    • Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas
    • Higuera, S.1
  • 321
    • 84957614713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • They Know Everything We Do
    • Telecom and Internet Surveillance in Ethiopia (New York: Human Rights Watch, March 2014), accessed September 30, 2014
    • Human Rights Watch, "They Know Everything We Do": Telecom and Internet Surveillance in Ethiopia (New York: Human Rights Watch, March 2014), accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.hrw.org/node/123977.
  • 322
    • 84957667819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report: Web Monitoring Devices Made by U.S. Firm Blue Coat Detected in Iran, Sudan
    • July 8, 2013, ac-cessed September 30, 2014
    • Ellen Nakashima, "Report: Web Monitoring Devices Made by U.S. Firm Blue Coat Detected in Iran, Sudan," Washington Post, July 8, 2013, ac-cessed September 30, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/ national-security/report-web-monitoring-devices-made-by-us-firm -blue-coat-detected-in-iran-sudan/2013/07/08/09877ad6-e7cf-11e2 -a301-ea5a8116d211_story.html.
    • Washington Post
    • Nakashima, E.1
  • 323
    • 84865428942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demystifying the Arab Spring: Parsing the Differences between Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya
    • Lisa Anderson, "Demystifying the Arab Spring: Parsing the Differences between Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya," Foreign Affairs 90, no. 3 (2011): 1-2.
    • (2011) Foreign Affairs , vol.90 , Issue.3 , pp. 1-2
    • Anderson, L.1
  • 324
    • 84951873172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How Isis Is Spreading Its Message Online
    • June 19, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Faisal Irshaid, "How Isis Is Spreading Its Message Online," BBC News, June 19, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.bbc.com/ news/world-middle-east-27912569.
    • BBC News
    • Irshaid, F.1
  • 325
    • 84957630595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extremists Flocking to Facebook for Recruits
    • August 29, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Paisley Dodds, "Extremists Flocking to Facebook for Recruits," Yahoo News, August 29, 2011, accessed September 30, 2014, http://news.yahoo.com/ extremists-fiocking-facebook-recruits-151504367.html.
    • Yahoo News
    • Dodds, P.1
  • 326
    • 84967126782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steganography
    • accessed September 30, 2014
    • "Steganography," Wikipedia, accessed September 30, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography.
    • Wikipedia
  • 327
    • 84957645240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chinese Cyber Nationalism: Evolution, Characteristics, and Implications (Lanham, MD: Lexington, 2007)
    • Xu Wu, Chinese Cyber Nationalism: Evolution, Characteristics, and Implications (Lanham, MD: Lexington, 2007).
    • Wu, X.1
  • 328
    • 84957629773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping Iran's Online Public: Politics and Culture in the Persian Blogosphere (Cambridge, MA: Berkman Center for Internet and Society, April 2008), accessed September 30, 2014
    • John Kelly and Bruce Etling, Mapping Iran's Online Public: Politics and Culture in the Persian Blogosphere (Cambridge, MA: Berkman Center for Internet and Society, April 2008), accessed September 30, 2014, http://cyber.law .harvard.edu/publications/2008/Mapping_Irans_Online_Public.
    • John, K.1    Bruce, E.2
  • 329
    • 85058039493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hacked Emails Allege Russian Youth Group Nashi Pay-ing Bloggers
    • February 7, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Miriam Elder, "Hacked Emails Allege Russian Youth Group Nashi Pay-ing Bloggers," Guardian, February 7, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/feb/07/hacked-emails -nashi-putin-bloggers.
    • Guardian
    • Elder, M.1
  • 330
    • 84957667649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Documents Reveal Unregulated Use of Stingrays in California
    • March 13, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Linda Lye, "Documents Reveal Unregulated Use of Stingrays in California," American Civil Liberties Union, March 13, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, https://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security-technology-and -liberty/documents-reveal-unregulated-use-stingrays-california.
    • American Civil Liberties Union
    • Lye, L.1
  • 331
    • 84967126769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seattle Grounds Police Drone Program
    • February 7, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Christine Clarridge, "Seattle Grounds Police Drone Program," Seattle Times, February 7, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://seattletimes.com/ html/localnews/2020312864_spddronesxml.html; Lye, "Documents Reveal Unregulated Use of Stingrays in California."
    • Seattle Times
    • Clarridge, C.1
  • 332
    • 84967035713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why Copyrighted Coffee May Cripple the Internet of Things
    • March 6, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Marcus Wohlsen, "Why Copyrighted Coffee May Cripple the Internet of Things," Wired, March 6, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http:// www.wired.com/2014/03/copyrighted-coffee-undermine-whole -internet-things/.
    • Wired
    • Wohlsen, M.1
  • 333
    • 84957649372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wired Shut: Copyright and the Shape of Digital Culture, rpt. ed. (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009)
    • Tarleton Gillespie, Wired Shut: Copyright and the Shape of Digital Culture, rpt. ed. (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009).
    • Gillespie, T.1
  • 334
    • 84957648815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994)
    • Robert D. Putnam, Robert Leonardi, and Raffaella Y. Nanetti, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994).
    • Robert Putnam, D.1    Robert, L.2    Raffaella Nanetti, Y.3
  • 335
    • 84966846325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How Bretton Woods Reshaped the World
    • November 14, 2008, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Steve Schifferes, "How Bretton Woods Reshaped the World," BBC, No-vember 14, 2008, accessed September 30, 2014, http://news.bbc.co.uk/ 2/hi/7725157.stm.
    • BBC
    • Schifferes, S.1
  • 336
    • 84967035707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edward Gibbon
    • accessed June 27, 2014, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014
    • "Edward Gibbon," Wikipedia, accessed June 27, 2014, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Gibbon;
    • Wikipedia
  • 337
    • 84966828191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
    • accessed June 21, 2014
    • "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire," Wikipedia, ac-cessed June 21, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_History_of _the_Decline_and_Fall_of_the_Roman_Empire.
    • Wikipedia
  • 338
    • 84957678042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensuring Fragile States Are Not Left Behind: 2013 Factsheet on Resource Flows and Trends (Paris: OECD, January 2013), accessed September 30, 2014
    • OECD, Ensuring Fragile States Are Not Left Behind: 2013 Factsheet on Resource Flows and Trends (Paris: OECD, January 2013), accessed September 30, 2014, http:// www.oecd.org/dac/incaf/factsheet%202013%20resource%20flows %20final.pdf.
  • 339
    • 84957611018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Your Thermostat is About to Get Smart
    • November 5, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • David Unger, "Your Thermostat is About to Get Smart," Christian Sci-ence Monitor, November 5, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http:// www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Energy-Voices/2013/1105/Your -thermostat-is-about-to-get-smart-video video.
    • Christian Science Monitor
    • Unger, D.1
  • 340
    • 84957635941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consent of the Networked: The Worldwide Struggle for Inter-net Freedom (New York: Basic, 2013)
    • Rebecca MacKinnon, Consent of the Networked: The Worldwide Struggle for Inter-net Freedom (New York: Basic, 2013).
    • MacKinnon, R.1
  • 341
    • 84957618379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Keynote Speech on Surveillance
    • Opening Ceremony of the Freedom Online Conference, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Rebecca MacKinnon, "Keynote Speech on Surveillance," in Opening Ceremony of the Freedom Online Conference, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http:// consentofthenetworked.com/2013/06/17/freedom-online-keynote/.
    • MacKinnon, R.1
  • 342
    • 78249265471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed June 29, 2014
    • "Aaron Swartz," Wikipedia, accessed June 29, 2014, http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Aaron_Swartz.
    • Wikipedia
    • Swartz, A.1
  • 343
    • 84967050323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Russian Business Network
    • accessed June 19, 2014
    • "Russian Business Network," Wikipedia, accessed June 19, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Business_Network.
    • Wikipedia
  • 344
    • 84967290332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zero-Day Attack
    • accessed June 21, 2014
    • "Zero-Day Attack," Wikipedia, accessed June 21, 2014, http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Zero-day_attack.
    • Wikipedia
  • 345
    • 84966730782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S.-Style Personal Data Gathering Is Spreading Worldwide
    • accessed June 29, 2014
    • "U.S.-Style Personal Data Gathering Is Spreading Worldwide," Forbes, accessed June 29, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/adamtanner/2013/10/16/ u-s-style-personal-data-gathering-spreading-worldwide/;
    • Forbes
  • 346
    • 84957641845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing Global Privacy (Berkeley: ThePrivacyProjects.org, January 2009), ac-cessed September 30, 2014
    • Paul Schwartz, Managing Global Privacy (Berkeley: ThePrivacyProjects.org, January 2009), ac-cessed September 30, 2014, http://theprivacyprojects.org/wp-content/ uploads/2009/08/The-Privacy-Projects-Paul-Schwartz-Global-Data -Flows-20093.pdf.
    • Schwartz, P.1
  • 347
    • 84957624322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer Says No
    • June 22, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • "Computer Says No," Economist, June 22, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.economist.com/news/international/21579816-denial -service-attacks-over-internet-are-growing-easier-and-more-powerful -their.
    • Economist
  • 348
    • 84957670990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Too Many People with Security Clearances, but Cuts Could Help Some Feds, Hurt Others
    • Washington Post, March 20, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Joe Davidson, "Too Many People with Security Clearances, but Cuts Could Help Some Feds, Hurt Others," Washington Post, March 20, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/ federal_government/too-many-people-with-security-clearances-but -cuts-could-help-some-feds-hurt-others/2014/03/20/1f1d011a-b05e -11e3-a49e-76adc9210f19_story.html.
    • Davidson, J.1
  • 349
    • 84906239881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Geeks Who Leak
    • June 24, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Michael Scherer, "The Geeks Who Leak," Time, June 24, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/ 0,9171,2145506,00.html.
    • Time
    • Scherer, M.1
  • 350
    • 84957660344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Backdoor Dealings
    • September 14, 2013, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014
    • "Backdoor Dealings," Economist, September 14, 2013, accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014, http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21586345 -covertly-weakening-security-entire-internet-make-snooping-easier -bad.
    • Economist
  • 351
    • 84936875790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NSA Said to Exploit Heartbleed Bug for Intelligence for Years
    • April 12, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Michael Riley, "NSA Said to Exploit Heartbleed Bug for Intelligence for Years," Bloomberg, April 12, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http:// www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-11/nsa-said-to-have-used -heartbleed-bug-exposing-consumers.html.
    • Bloomberg
    • Riley, M.1
  • 352
    • 84957626837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Institute of Peace, Non-Violent Struggle: 50 Crucial Points (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, January 2006), accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014
    • US Institute of Peace, Non-Violent Struggle: 50 Crucial Points (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, January 2006), accessed Septem-ber 30, 2014, http://www.usip.org/publications/non-violent-struggle -50-crucial-points.
  • 353
    • 84957696719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • https://www.tacticaltech.org/, https://citizenlab.org/.
  • 354
    • 84966915361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glenn Greenwald's Partner Detained at Heathrow Airport for Nine Hours
    • August 19, 2013
    • Alan Rusbridger, "Glenn Greenwald's Partner Detained at Heathrow Airport for Nine Hours," Guardian, August 19, 2013, http://www.the guardian.com/world/2013/aug/18/glenn-greenwald-guardian -partner-detained-heathrow.
    • Guardian
    • Rusbridger, A.1
  • 355
    • 84967343292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Middle Class
    • accessed June 28, 2014
    • "American Middle Class," Wikipedia, accessed June 28, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_class.
    • Wikipedia
  • 356
    • 84957658500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social Physics: How Good Ideas Spread: The Lessons from a New Science (New York: Penguin, 2014)
    • Alex Pentland, Social Physics: How Good Ideas Spread: The Lessons from a New Science (New York: Penguin, 2014).
    • Pentland, A.1
  • 357
    • 84926097400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Media Campaigns and the Managed Citizen (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005)
    • Philip N. Howard, New Media Campaigns and the Managed Citizen (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
    • Philip Howard, N.1
  • 358
    • 84923066492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • frastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012)
    • Brett M. Frischmann, Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012).
    • Brett Frischmann, M.1
  • 359
    • 84957631345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • News in the Mail: The Press, Post Office, and Public Informa-tion, 1700-1860 s (New York: Praeger, 1989)
    • Richard Kielbowicz, News in the Mail: The Press, Post Office, and Public Informa-tion, 1700-1860 s (New York: Praeger, 1989).
    • Kielbowicz, R.1
  • 360
    • 84967032976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ternet Freedom Fighters Build a Shadow Web
    • March
    • Julian Dibbell, "Internet Freedom Fighters Build a Shadow Web," Scien-tific American 306, no. 3 (March 2012).
    • (2012) Scientific American , vol.306 , Issue.3
    • Dibbell, J.1
  • 361
    • 84957652651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light and Shady
    • April 21, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • "Light and Shady," Economist, April 21, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21553012.
    • Economist
  • 362
    • 84957670865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http://www.globalwitness.org/campaigns/corruption/anonymous -companies.
  • 363
    • 34548223308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Case of Mistaken Identity? News Accounts of Hacker, Consumer, and Organizational Responsibility for Compromised Digital Records
    • Kris Erickson and Philip N. Howard, "A Case of Mistaken Identity? News Accounts of Hacker, Consumer, and Organizational Responsibility for Compromised Digital Records," Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 12, no. 4 (2007): 1229-47.
    • (2007) Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 1229-1247
    • Kris, E.1    Philip Howard, N.2
  • 364
    • 84957609034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http://tosdr.org/.
  • 365
    • 84957614694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • https://www.globalnetworkinitiative.org/.
  • 366
    • 84966915372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carlos Slim
    • accessed June 28, 2014
    • "Carlos Slim," Wikipedia, accessed June 28, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Carlos_Slim; "Megahurts," Economist, February 11, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21547280.
    • Wikipedia
  • 367
    • 84858697397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Megahurts
    • February 11, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • "Megahurts," Economist, February 11, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21547280.
    • Economist
  • 368
    • 84957654461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light and Shady
    • "Light and Shady."
  • 369
    • 84957621129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http://www.fcc.gov/encyclopedia/universal-service.
  • 370
    • 84957645366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economist, August 27, 2011
    • Www.africa.slow," Economist, August 27, 2011, http://www. economist .com/node/21526937.
  • 371
    • 84957624639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Last Mile
    • accessed June 19, 2014
    • "Last Mile," Wikipedia, accessed June 19, 2014, http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Last_mile.
    • Wikipedia
  • 372
    • 84957701433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Google Now Offers Google Earth, Picasa, and Chrome in Syria
    • May 24, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014
    • T. C. Sottek, "Google Now Offers Google Earth, Picasa, and Chrome in Syria," Verge, May 24, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www .theverge.com/2012/5/24/3041459/google-earth-picasa-chrome-syria.
    • Verge
    • Sottek, T.C.1
  • 373
    • 84957652581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monk School of Global Affairs, Internet Filtering in a Failed State: The Case of Netsweeper in Somalia (Toronto: University of Toronto, February 2014), accessed September 30, 2014
    • Monk School of Global Affairs, Internet Filtering in a Failed State: The Case of Netsweeper in Somalia (Toronto: University of Toronto, February 2014), accessed September 30, 2014, https://citizenlab.org/2014/02/ internet -filtering-failed-state-case-netsweeper-somalia/;
  • 374
    • 84957693756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monk School of Global Affairs, O Pakistan, We Stand on Guard for Thee: An Analysis of Canada-Based Net-sweeper's Role in Pakistan's Censorship Regime (Toronto: University of Toronto, June 2014), accessed September 30, 2014
    • Monk School of Global Affairs, O Pakistan, We Stand on Guard for Thee: An Analysis of Canada-Based Net-sweeper's Role in Pakistan's Censorship Regime (Toronto: University of Toronto, June 2014), accessed September 30, 2014, https://citizenlab.org/2013/06/ o-pakistan/.
  • 375
    • 84957609066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seven Principles for Big Data and Resilience Projects
    • September 23, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014
    • Kate Crawford et al., "Seven Principles for Big Data and Resilience Projects," iRevolution, September 23, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://irevolution.net/2013/09/23/principles-for-big-data-and -resilience/.
    • iRevolution
    • Kate, C.1
  • 376
    • 84957677568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A PGP key allows you to securely send and receive email. "Pretty Good Privacy," Wikipedia, accessed June 26, 2014
    • A PGP key allows you to securely send and receive email. "Pretty Good Privacy," Wikipedia, accessed June 26, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.