Towards a new paradigm in fire severity research using dose-response experiments

International Journal of Wildland Fire

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 158-166

  Smith, Alistair M S ^a   Sparks, Aaron M ^a   Kolden, Crystal A ^a   Abatzoglou, John T ^a   Talhelm, Alan F ^a   Johnson, Daniel M ^a   Boschetti, Luigi ^a   Lutz, James A ^b   Apostol, Kent G ^a   Yedinak, Kara M ^a   Tinkham, Wade T ^c   Kremens, Robert J ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO   (United States)

^b UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Colorado State University ^*  (United States)

^d ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

fire behaviour; fire effects; intensity

Indexed keywords

EID: 84957106440     PISSN: 10498001     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/WF15130     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Barbero R, Abatzoglou JT, Larkin NK, Kolden CA, Stocks BJ (2015) Climate change presents increased potential for very large fires in the contiguous United States. International Journal of Wildland Fire 24(7), 892-899.
2. Butler BW, Dickinson MB (2010) Tree injury and mortality in fires: developing process-based models. Fire Ecology 6(1), 55-79. doi:10.4996/FIREECOLOGY.0601055
3. Cansler CA, McKenzieD (2012) How robust are burn severity indices when applied in a new region? Evaluation of alternate field-based and remote sensing methods. Remote Sensing 4, 456-483. doi:10.3390/RS4020456
4. Chuvieco E, Riano D, Danson FM, Martin P (2006) Use of a radiative transfer model to simulate the postfire spectral response to burn severity. Journal of Geophysical Research 111, G04S09. doi:10.1029/ 2005JG000143
5. Conard SG, Sukhinin AI, Stocks BJ, Cahoon DR, Davidenko EP, Ivanova GA (2002) Determining effects of area burned and fire severity on carbon cycling and emissions in Siberia. Climatic Change 55, 197-211. doi:10.1023/A:1020207710195
6. Disney MI, Lewis P, Gomeza-Dans J, Roy DP, Wooster MJ, Lajas D (2011) 3D radiative transfer modelling of fire impacts on a two-layer savanna system. Remote Sensing of Environment 115(8), 1866-1881. doi:10.1016/J.RSE.2011.03.010
7. Dumroese DS, Abbott AM, Rice TM (2009). Forest Soil Disturbance Monitoring Protocol: Volume II: Supplementary methods, statistics, and data collection. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, General Technical Report WO-GTR-82b (Washington, DC).
8. Eidenshink J, Schwind B, Brewer K, Zhu Z, Quayle B, Howard S (2007) A project for monitoring trends in burn severity. Fire Ecology 3, 3-21. doi:10.4996/FIREECOLOGY.0301003
9. Finney MA, Cohgen JD, McAllister SS, JollyWM (2013) On the need for a theory of wildland fire spread. International Journal of Wildland Fire 22, 25-36. doi:10.1071/WF11117
10. Finney MA, Cohen JD, Forthofer JM, McAllister SS, Gollner MJ, Gorham DJ, Saito K, Akafuah NK, Adam BA, English JD (2015) Role of buoyant flame dynamics in wildfire spread. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112(32), 9833-9838. doi:10.1073/PNAS.1504498112
11. Frankman D, Webb BW, Butler BW, Jimenez DF, Jason M, Sopko P, Shannon KS, Hiers KJ, Ottmar RD (2013) Measurements of convective and radiative heating in wildland fires. International Journal of Wildland Fire 22, 157-167. doi:10.1071/WF11097
12. Freeborn PH, Cochrane MA, Jolly WM (2015) Relationships between fire danger and the daily number and daily growth of active incidents burning in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire 24(7), 900-910.
13. French NHF, Kasischke ES, Hall RJ, Murphy KA, Verbyla DL, Hoy EE, Allen JL (2008) Using Landsat data to assess fire and burn severity in the North American boreal forest region: an overview and summary of results. International Journal of Wildland Fire 17(4), 443-462. doi:10.1071/WF08007
14. Glenn EP, Cardann P, Thompson TL (1984) Seasonal effects of shading on growth of greenhouse lettuce and spinach. Sceintia Horticulturae 24, 3-4, 231-239.
15. Goetz SJ, Mack MC, Gurney KR, Randerson JT, Houghton RA (2007) Ecosystem responses to recent climate change and fire disturbance at northern high latitudes: observations and model results contrasting northern Eurasia and North America. Environmental Research Letters 2(4), 045031. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/2/4/045031
16. Hall RJ, Freeburn JT, de Groot WJ, Pritchard JM, Lynham TJ, Landry R (2008) Remote sensing of burn severity: experience from western Canada boreal fires. International Journal of Wildland Fire 17, 476-489. doi:10.1071/WF08013
17. Halofsky JE, Hibbs DE (2009) Relationships among indices of fire severity in riparian zones. International Journal of Wildland Fire 18, 584-593. doi:10.1071/WF07050
18. Hatten JA, Zabowski D (2009) Changes in soil organic matter pools and carbon mineralization as influenced by fire severity. Soil Science Society of America Journal 73, 262-273. doi:10.2136/ SSSAJ2007.0304
19. Hudak AT, Morgan P, Bobbitt MJ, Smith AMS, Lewis SA, Lentile LB, Robichaud PR, Clark JT, McKinley RA (2007) The relationship of multispectral satellite imagery to immediate fire effects. Fire Ecology 3(1), 64-90. doi:10.4996/FIREECOLOGY.0301064
20. Jones JL, Webb BW, Butler BW, Dickinson MB, Jimenez D, Reardon J, Bova AS (2006) Prediction and measurement of thermally induced cambial tissue necrosis in tree stems. International Journal of Wildland Fire 15, 3-7. doi:10.1071/WF05017
21. Kane VR, Cansler CA, Poval NA, Kane JT, McGaughey RJ, Lutz JA, 1] Churchill DJ, North MP (2015a) Mixed severity fire effects within the Rim fire: relative importance of local climate, fire weather, topography, and forest structure. Forest Ecology and Management 358, 62-79. doi:10.1016/J.FORECO.2015.09.001
22. Kane VR, Lutz JA, Cansler CA, Povak NA, Churchill DJ, Smith DF, 1] Kane JT, North MP (2015b) Water balance and topography predict fire and forest structure patterns. Forest Ecology and Management 338, 1-13. doi:10.1016/J.FORECO.2014.10.038
23. Kashian DM, Romme WH, Tinker DB, Turner MG, Ryan MG (2006) Carbon storage on landscapes with stand replacing fires. Bioscience 56(7), 598-606. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[598:CSOLWS]2.0. CO;2
24. Kavanagh KL, Dickinson MB, Bova AS (2010) A way forward for firecaused tree mortality prediction: modeling a physiological consequence of fire. Fire Ecology 6(1), 80-94. doi:10.4996/FIREECOLOGY. 0601080
25. Keeley JE (2009) Fire intensity, fire severity and burn severity: a brief review and suggested usage. International Journal of Wildland Fire 18, 116-126. doi:10.1071/WF07049
26. Key CH, Benson NC (2006) Landscape assessment: ground measure of severity, the Composite Burn Index; and remote sensing of severity, the Normalized Burn Ratio. In 'FIREMON: fire effects monitoring and inventory system'. (Eds DC Lutes, RE Keane, JF Caratti, CH Key, NC Benson, S Sutherland, LJ Gangi) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-164-CD: LA, pp. 1-51. (Ogden, UT)
27. Kolden CA, Smith AMS, Abatzoglou JT (2015) Limitations and utilization of Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity products for assessing wildfire severity in the USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire 24(7), 1023-1028. doi:10.1071/WF15082
28. Kremens RL, Smith AMS, Dickinson MB (2010) Fire metrology: current and future directions in physics-based measurements. Fire Ecology 6(1), 13-35. doi:10.4996/FIREECOLOGY.0601013
29. Kremens RL, Dickinson MB, Bova AS (2012) Radiant flux density, energy density and fuel consumption in mixed-oak forest surface fires. International Journal of Wildland Fire 21(6), 722-730. doi:10.1071/WF10143
30. Lentile LB, Holden Z, Smith AMS, Falkowski MJ, Hudak AT, Morgan P, 1] Lewis SA, Gessler PE, Benson NC (2006a) Remote sensing techniques to assess active fire and post-fire effects. International Journal of Wildland Fire 15(3), 319-345. doi:10.1071/WF05097
31. Lentile LB, Smith FW, ShepperdWD (2006b) Influence of topography and forest structures on patterns of mixed severity fire in ponderosa pine forests of the South Dakota Black Hills, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire 15, 557-566. doi:10.1071/WF05096
32. Lentile LB, Smith AMS, Hudak AT, Morgan P, Bobbitt M, Lewis SA, Robichaud P (2009) Remote sensing for prediction of 1-year post-fire ecosystem condition. International Journal of Wildland Fire 18, 594-608. doi:10.1071/WF07091
33. Lutz JA, Key CH, Kolden CA, Kane JT, van Wagtendonk JW (2011) Fire frequency, area burned, and severity: a quantitative approach to defining a normal fire year. Fire Ecology 7(2), 51-65. doi:10.4996/ FIREECOLOGY.0702051
34. Michaletz ST, Johnson EA (2007) How forest fires kill trees: a review of the fundamental biophysical processes. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 22, 500-515. doi:10.1080/02827580701803544
35. Michaletz ST, Johnson EA, TyreeMT (2012) Moving beyond the cambium necrosis hypothesis of post-fire tree mortality: cavitation and deformation of xylem in forest fires. New Phytologist 194, 254-263. doi:10.1111/ J.1469-8137.2011.04021.X
36. Miller JD, Thode AE (2007) Quantifying burn severity in a heterogeneous landscape with a relative version of the delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR). Remote Sensing of Environment 109(1), 66-80. doi:10.1016/ J.RSE.2006.12.006
37. Moody JA, Martin DA (2001) Post-fire, rainfall intensity-peak discharge relations for three mountainous watersheds in the western USA. Hydrological Processes 15, 2981-2993. doi:10.1002/HYP.386
38. Morgan P, Hardy CC, Swetnam TW, Rollins MG, Long DG (2001) Mapping fire regimes across time and space: understanding coarse and fine-scale fire patterns. International Journal of Wildland Fire 10(4), 329-342. doi:10.1071/WF01032
39. Morgan P, Keane RE, Dillon GK, Jain TB, Hudak AT, Karau EC, Sikkink PG, Holden ZA, Strand EK (2014) Challenges of assessing fire and burn severity using field measures, remote sensing and modelling. International Journal of Wildland Fire 23(8), 1045-1060. doi:10.1071/ WF13058
40. Moritz MA, Parisen M-A, Batllori E, Krawchuk MA, Dorn JV, Ganz DJ, HayhowK (2012) Climate change and disruptions to global fire activity. Ecosphere 3(6), art49. doi:10.1890/ES11-00345.1
41. Ottmar RD, Hudak AT, Prichard SJ, Wright CS, Restaino JC, Kennedy MC, Vihnanek RE (2015) Pre-fire and post-fire surface fuel and cover measurements collected in the south-eastern United States for model evaluation and development-RxCADRE 2008, 2011 and 2012. International Journal of Wildland Fire. doi:10.1071/WF15092
42. Romme WH, Boyce MS, Gresswell R, Merrill EH, Minshall GW, Whitlock C, Turner MG (2011) Twenty years after the 1988 Yellowstone fires: lessons about disturbance and ecosystems. Ecosystems 14(7), 1196-1215. doi:10.1007/S10021-011-9470-6
43. Roy DP, Boschetti L, Trigg SN (2006) Remote sensing of fire severity: assessing the performance of the normalized burn ratio. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 3(1), 112-116. doi:10.1109/LGRS. 2005.858485
44. Roy DP, Boschetti L, Smith AMS (2013) Satellite remote sensing of fires. In 'Fire phenomena and the earth system: an interdisciplinary guide to fire science'. (EdsCMBelcher, G Rein) pp. 77-94. (John Wiley&Sons: Chichester, UK). doi:10.1002/9781118529539.CH5
45. Ryan KC, Noste NV (1985) Evaluating prescribed fires. In 'Proceedings, symposiums and workshop on wilderness fire', 15-18 November 1983, Missoula, MT. (Eds JE Lotan, BM Kilgore, WC Fischer, RW Mutch) USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report INT-182, pp. 230-238. (Missoula, MT)
46. Schoettle AW, SmithWK (1998) Interrelationships among light, photosynthesis and nitrogen in the crown of mature Pinus contorta spp. Latifolia. Tree Physiology 19, 13-22. doi:10.1093/TREEPHYS/19.1.13
47. Schwartz S (1994) The fallacy of the ecological fallacy: the potential misuse of a concept and the consequences. American Journal of Public Health 84(5), 819-824. doi:10.2105/AJPH.84.5.819
48. Sikkink PG, KeaneRE (2012) Predicting fire severity using surface fuels and moisture. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Research Paper RMRS-RP-96. (Fort Collins, CO) Available at http:// www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs-rp096.pdf [Verified 15 December 2015]
49. Smith AMS, Wooster MJ, Drake NA, Dipotso FM, Falkowski MJ, Hudak AT (2005) Testing the potential of multi-spectral remote sensing for retrospectively estimating fire severity in African savanna environments. Remote Sensing of Environment 97(1), 92-115. doi:10.1016/ J.RSE.2005.04.014
50. Smith AMS, Eitel JUH, Hudak AT (2010) Spectral analysis of charcoal on soils: implications for wildland fire severity mapping methods. International Journal of Wildland Fire 19, 976-983. doi:10.1071/WF09057
51. Smith AMS, Tinkham WT, Roy DP, Boschetti L, Kumar S, Sparks AM, Kremens RL, Falkowski MJ (2013) Quantification of fuel moisture effects on biomass consumed derived from fire radiative energy retrievals. Geophysical Research Letters 40, 6298-6302. doi:10.1002/ 2013GL058232
52. Smith AMS, Kolden CA, Tinkham WT, Talhelm AT, Marshall JD, Hu Kliskey AD, Alessa L, Keefe RF, Gosz J (2014) Remote sensing the vulnerability of vegetation in natural terrestrial ecosystems. Remote Sensing of Environment 154, 322-337. doi:10.1016/J.RSE.2014.03.038
53. Swap RJ, Annegarn HJ, Suttles JT, King MD, Platnick S, Privette JL, Scholes RJ (2003) Africa burning: a thematic analysis of the Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000). Journal of Geophysical Research 108(D13), 8465. doi:10.1029/2003JD003747
54. Thomson W (1889) 'Electrical units of measurement, popular lectures and addresses. Volume 1: constitution of matter'. (Macmillan and Co.: New York).
55. Trenberth KE (2011) Changes in precipitation with climate change. Climate Research 47, 123-138. doi:10.3354/CR00953
56. TrollopeWSW, Trollope LA, Potgieter LF, Zambatis N (1996) SAFARI-92 characterization of biomass and fire behavior in the small experimental bur 23 531-23 539. doi:10.1029/96JD00691
57. Van Wagner CE (1971) Two solitudes in forest fire research. Canadian Forestry Service, Petawawa Forest Experiment Station, Information Report PS-X-29. (Chalk River, ON).
58. van Wagtendonk JW, Root RR, KeyCH (2004) Comparison of AVIRIS and Landsat ETMθ detection capabilities for burn severity. Remote Sensing of Environment 92(3), 397-408. doi:10.1016/J.RSE.2003.12.015
59. Viegas DX, Almeida M, Mirand AI, Ribeiro LM (2010) Linear model for spread rate and mass loss rate for mixed-size fuel beds. International Journal of Wildland Fire 19(5), 531-540. doi:10.1071/WF09007
60. Viegas DX, Soares J, AlmeidaM (2013) Combustibility of a mixture of live and dead fuel components. International Journal of Wildland Fire 22(7), 992-1002. doi:10.1071/WF12031
61. Wooster MJ, Roberts G, Perry GLW, Kaufman YJ (2005) Retrieval of biomass combustion rates and totals from fire radiative power observations: FRP derivation and calibration relationships between biomass consumption and fire radiative energy release. Journal of Geophysical Research 110, D24311. doi:10.1029/2005JD006318