메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 35-112

Wildland fire: Impacts on forest, woodland, and grassland ecological processes

Author keywords

Burned areas; Forest fire; Occurrences; Portugal

Indexed keywords


EID: 84956781042     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (9)

References (239)
  • 1
    • 84874958166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mega-fires, tipping points and ecosystem services: Managing forests and woodlands in an uncertain future
    • Adams, M.A. 2013. Mega-fires, tipping points and ecosystem services: Managing forests and woodlands in an uncertain future. Forest Ecology and Management 294: 250-261.
    • (2013) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.294 , pp. 250-261
    • Adams, M.A.1
  • 3
    • 0003463557 scopus 로고
    • Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Albini, F.A. 1976. Estimating wildfire behavior and effects. General Techical Report INT-30. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 92 p.
    • (1976) Estimating wildfire behavior and effects. General Techical Report INT-30 , pp. 92
    • Albini, F.A.1
  • 4
    • 0001647536 scopus 로고
    • Calculating and interpreting forest fire intensities
    • Alexander, M.E. 1982. Calculating and interpreting forest fire intensities. Canadian Journal of Botany. 60(4): 349-357.
    • (1982) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.60 , Issue.4 , pp. 349-357
    • Alexander, M.E.1
  • 5
    • 0010762972 scopus 로고
    • Stream shading, summer streamflow and maximum water temperature following intense wildfire in headwater streams
    • USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PSW
    • Amaranthus, M.; Jubas, H.; Arthur, D. 1989. Stream shading, summer streamflow and maximum water temperature following intense wildfire in headwater streams. In: Proceeding of the symposium on fire and watershed management. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PSW-109 75-91.
    • (1989) Proceeding of the symposium on fire and watershed management , vol.109 , pp. 75-91
    • Amaranthus, M.1    Jubas, H.2    Arthur, D.3
  • 6
    • 0003851882 scopus 로고
    • Summer slides and winter scour-dry-wet erosion in southern California mountains
    • Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Anderson, H.W.; Coleman, G.B.; Zinke, P.J. 1959. Summer slides and winter scour-dry-wet erosion in southern California mountains. Research Paper PSW-36. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 12 p.
    • (1959) Research Paper PSW-36. Berkeley, CA: U.S , pp. 12
    • Anderson, H.W.1    Coleman, G.B.2    Zinke, P.J.3
  • 7
    • 0003889221 scopus 로고
    • Forests and water: effects of forest management on floods, sedimentation, and water supply
    • Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Anderson, H.W.; Hoover, M.D.; Reinhart, K.G. 1976. Forests and water: effects of forest management on floods, sedimentation, and water supply. General Technical Report PSW-18. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 115 p.
    • (1976) General Technical Report PSW-18. Berkeley, CA: U.S. , pp. 115
    • Anderson, H.W.1    Hoover, M.D.2    Reinhart, K.G.3
  • 8
    • 74449086207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescribed fires as ecological surrogates for wildfires: A stream and riparian perspective
    • Arkle, R.S.; Pilliod D.S. 2010. Prescribed fires as ecological surrogates for wildfires: A stream and riparian perspective. Forest Ecology and Management 259(5): 893-903.
    • (2010) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.259 , Issue.5 , pp. 893-903
    • Arkle, R.S.1    Pilliod, D.S.2
  • 9
    • 74049086689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire, flow and dynamic equilibrium in stream macroinvertebrate communities
    • Arkle, R.S.; Pilliod, D.S.; Strickler, K. 2010. Fire, flow and dynamic equilibrium in stream macroinvertebrate communities. Freshwater Biology 55(2): 299-314.
    • (2010) Freshwater Biology , vol.55 , Issue.2 , pp. 299-314
    • Arkle, R.S.1    Pilliod, D.S.2    Strickler, K.3
  • 10
    • 77956399583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and terrestrial vegetation-mediated effects of environmental change on aquatic ecosystem processes
    • Ball, B.A.; Kominoski, J.S.; Adams, H.E. 2010. Direct and terrestrial vegetation-mediated effects of environmental change on aquatic ecosystem processes. BioScience 60(8): 590- 601.
    • (2010) BioScience , vol.60 , Issue.8 , pp. 590-601
    • Ball, B.A.1    Kominoski, J.S.2    Adams, H.E.3
  • 11
    • 0009709396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riparian-watershed linkages in the Southwest
    • In: Potts, D.E., (ed.). Proceedings of the American Water Resources Association specialty conference; Hendon, VA
    • Baker, M.B., Jr.; DeBano, L.F.; Ffolliott, P.F.; Gottfried, G.J. 1998. Riparian-watershed linkages in the Southwest. In: Potts, D.E., (ed.). Rangeland Management and Water Resources. Proceedings of the American Water Resources Association specialty conference; Hendon, VA: 347-357.
    • (1998) Rangeland Management and Water Resources , pp. 347-357
    • Baker, M.B.1    DeBano, L.F.2    Ffolliott, P.F.3    Gottfried, G.J.4
  • 12
    • 84893354544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The temporal evolution of wildfire ash and implications for post-fire infiltration
    • Balfour, V.; Doerr, S.; Robichaud, P. 2014. The temporal evolution of wildfire ash and implications for post-fire infiltration. International Journal of Wildland Fire 23: 733-745.
    • (2014) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.23 , pp. 733-745
    • Balfour, V.1    Doerr, S.2    Robichaud, P.3
  • 13
    • 0037099819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intense wildfire in southeastern Arizona: transformation of a Madrean oak-pine forest to oak woodland
    • Barton A.M. 2002. Intense wildfire in southeastern Arizona: transformation of a Madrean oak-pine forest to oak woodland. Forest Ecology and Management 165: 205-212
    • (2002) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.165 , pp. 205-212
    • Barton, A.M.1
  • 14
    • 0009394136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of emissions inventory methods for wildland fire
    • Final Report. Contract 68D-98-046, Research Triangle Park, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
    • Battye,W.; Battye, R. 2002. Development of emissions inventory methods for wildland fire. Final Report. Contract 68D-98-046, Research Triangle Park, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
    • (2002)
    • Battye, W.1    Battye, R.2
  • 15
    • 0025571685 scopus 로고
    • Predicting deposition of debris flows in mountain channels
    • Benda, L.E.; Cundy, T.W. 1990. Predicting deposition of debris flows in mountain channels. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 27: 409-417.
    • (1990) Canadian Geotechnical Journal , vol.27 , pp. 409-417
    • Benda, L.E.1    Cundy, T.W.2
  • 16
    • 0038413829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of post-wildfire erosion on channel environments, Boise River, Idaho
    • Benda, L.; Miller, D.; Bigelow, P.; Andras, K. 2003. Effects of post-wildfire erosion on channel environments, Boise River, Idaho. Forest Ecology Management 178(1-2): 105- 119.
    • (2003) Forest Ecology Management , vol.178 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 105-119
    • Benda, L.1    Miller, D.2    Bigelow, P.3    Andras, K.4
  • 17
    • 84868379992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire and soils: key concepts and recent advances
    • Bento-Gonçalves, A.; Vieira, A.; Úbeda, X.; Martin, D. 2012. Fire and soils: key concepts and recent advances. Geoderma 191: 3-13.
    • (2012) Geoderma , vol.191 , pp. 3-13
    • Bento-Gonçalves, A.1    Vieira, A.2    Úbeda, X.3    Martin.4
  • 18
    • 0019183161 scopus 로고
    • Turbidity and suspended sediment relationships
    • St. Anthony, MN: American Society of Civil Engineers
    • Beschta, R.L. 1980. Turbidity and suspended sediment relationships. In: Proceedings, Symposium on Watershed Management. St. Anthony, MN: American Society of Civil Engineers: 271-28
    • (1980) Proceedings, Symposium on Watershed Management , pp. 28-271
    • Beschta, R.L.1
  • 19
    • 84861382757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compilation of post-wildfire runoff data from the Western United States
    • Open-file Report 2001-474. U.S. Geological Survey
    • Biggio, E.R.; Cannon, S.H. 2001. Compilation of post-wildfire runoff data from the Western United States. Open-file Report 2001-474. U.S. Geological Survey. 24 p.
    • (2001) , pp. 24
    • Biggio, E.R.1    Cannon, S.H.2
  • 20
    • 77953943568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecoregion and land-use influence invertebrate and detritus transport from headwater streams
    • Binkley, C.A.; Wipfli, M.S.; Medhurst, R.B. 2010. Ecoregion and land-use influence invertebrate and detritus transport from headwater streams. Freshwater Biology 55(6): 1205-1218.
    • (2010) Freshwater Biology , vol.55 , Issue.6 , pp. 1205-1218
    • Binkley, C.A.1    Wipfli, M.S.2    Medhurst, R.B.3
  • 21
    • 51649104714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildfire impacts on nitrogen concentration and production from headwater streams in southern Alberta's Rocky Mountains
    • Bladon, K.D.; Silins, U.; Wagner, M.J.; Stone, M.; Emelko, M.B.; Mendoza, C.A.; Boon, S. 2008. Wildfire impacts on nitrogen concentration and production from headwater streams in southern Alberta's Rocky Mountains. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38(9): 2359-2371.
    • (2008) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.38 , Issue.9 , pp. 2359-2371
    • Bladon, K.D.1    Silins, U.2    Wagner, M.J.3    Stone, M.4    Emelko, M.B.5    Mendoza, C.A.6    Boon, S.7
  • 22
    • 2142655074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A screening-level assessment of the health risks of chronic smoke exposure for wildland firefighters
    • Booze, T.F.; Reinhardt, T.E. 2004. A screening-level assessment of the health risks of chronic smoke exposure for wildland firefighters. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 1:296-305.
    • (2004) Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene , Issue.1 , pp. 296-305
    • Booze, T.F.1    Reinhardt, T.E.2
  • 23
    • 0007636469 scopus 로고
    • Effects of prescribed fire on soil organisms
    • Walstad, J.D.; Radosevich, S.R.; Sandberg, D.V. (eds.). Natural and prescribed fire in Pacific Northwest forests. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press:
    • Borchers, J.G.; Perry, D.A. 1990. Effects of prescribed fire on soil organisms. In: Walstad, J.D.; Radosevich, S.R.; Sandberg, D.V. (eds.). Natural and prescribed fire in Pacific Northwest forests. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press: 143-157.
    • (1990) , pp. 143-157
    • Borchers, J.G.1    Perry, D.A.2
  • 24
    • 0000962262 scopus 로고
    • Fire and nutrient cycling in a temperate ecosystem
    • Boerner, R.E.J. 1982. Fire and nutrient cycling in a temperate ecosystem. Bioscience 32: 187- 192.
    • (1982) Bioscience , vol.32 , pp. 187- 192
    • Boerner, R.E.J.1
  • 26
    • 0019999138 scopus 로고
    • A review of catchment experiments to determine the effect of vegetation changes on water yield and evapotranspiration
    • Bosch, J.M.; Hewlett, J.D. 1982. A review of catchment experiments to determine the effect of vegetation changes on water yield and evapotranspiration. Journal of Hydrology 55: 3-23.
    • (1982) Journal of Hydrology , vol.55 , pp. 3-23
    • Bosch, J.M.1    Hewlett, J.D.2
  • 27
    • 0038045278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of fire on aquatic nitrate and phosphate dynamics in Yellowstone National Park
    • Proceedings of the second biennial conference on the greater Yellowstone ecosystem
    • Brass, J.A.; Ambrosia, V.G.; Riggan, P.J.; Sebesta, P.D. 1996. Consequences of fire on aquatic nitrate and phosphate dynamics in Yellowstone National Park. Proceedings of the second biennial conference on the greater Yellowstone ecosystem Pp. 53-57.
    • (1996) , pp. 53-57
    • Brass, J.A.1    Ambrosia, V.G.2    Riggan, P.J.3    Sebesta, P.D.4
  • 29
    • 3042912091 scopus 로고
    • Physical fuel properties of ponderosa pine forest floors and cheatgrass
    • Research Paper INT-74. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Brown, J.K. 1970. Physical fuel properties of ponderosa pine forest floors and cheatgrass. Research Paper INT-74. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 16 p.
    • (1970) , pp. 16
    • Brown, J.K.1
  • 30
    • 0006090438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction and fire regimes
    • Brown, J.K.; Smith, J.K. (eds.). Wildland fire in ecosystems-effects of fire on flora. General Technical Report GTR- RMRS-42-Vol. 2. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service
    • Brown, J.K. 2000. Introduction and fire regimes. In: Brown, J.K.; Smith, J.K. (eds.). Wildland fire in ecosystems-effects of fire on flora. General Technical Report GTR- RMRS-42-Vol. 2. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 1-8.
    • (2000) , pp. 1-8
    • Brown, J.K.1
  • 31
    • 0343992015 scopus 로고
    • Appraising fuels and flammability in western aspen: a prescribed fire guide
    • General Technical Report INT-205, Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Brown, J.K.; Simmerman, D.G. 1986. Appraising fuels and flammability in western aspen: a prescribed fire guide. General Technical Report INT-205, Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 48 p.
    • (1986) , pp. 48
    • Brown, J.K.1    Simmerman, D.G.2
  • 32
    • 0003830054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42 Volume 2. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
    • Brown, J.K.; Smith, J.K. 2000 (eds.). Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Flora. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42 Volume 2. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 257 p.
    • (2000) Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Flora , pp. 257
    • Brown, J.K.1    Smith, J.K.2
  • 33
    • 19544371921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish and stream habitat risks from uncharacteristic wildfire: Observations from 17 years of fire-related disturbances on the Boise National Forest, Idaho
    • Burton, T.A. 2005. Fish and stream habitat risks from uncharacteristic wildfire: Observations from 17 years of fire-related disturbances on the Boise National Forest, Idaho. Forest Ecology and Management 211(1-2): 140-149.
    • (2005) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.211 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 140-149
    • Burton, T.A.1
  • 34
    • 0002265638 scopus 로고
    • Combustion of forest fuels
    • K.P. Davis (ed.). Forest Fire: Control and Use. New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Byram, G.M. 1959. Combustion of forest fuels. In: K.P. Davis (ed.). Forest Fire: Control and Use. New York: McGraw-Hill: 61-123.
    • (1959) , pp. 61-123
    • Byram, G.M.1
  • 35
    • 0003618414 scopus 로고
    • Wildfire effects on a ponderosa pine ecosystem: an Arizona case study. Research Paper RM-191. Fort Collins, CO: U.S
    • Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Campbell, R.E., Baker, M.B., Jr.; Ffolliott, P.F.; Larson, F.R.; Avery, C.C. 1977. Wildfire effects on a ponderosa pine ecosystem: an Arizona case study. Research Paper RM-191. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 12 p.
    • (1977) , pp. 12
    • Campbell, R.E.1    Baker, M.B.2    Ffolliott, P.F.3    Larson, F.R.4    Avery, C.C.5
  • 36
    • 0028588319 scopus 로고
    • Predicting the effect of temperature on soil thermal conductivity
    • Campbell, G.S.; Jungbauer, J.D., Jr.; Bidlake, W.R.; Hungerford, R.D. 1994. Predicting the effect of temperature on soil thermal conductivity. Soil Science 158(5): 307-313.
    • (1994) Soil Science , vol.158 , Issue.5 , pp. 307-313
    • Campbell, G.S.1    Jungbauer, J.D.2    Bidlake, W.R.3    Hungerford, R.D.4
  • 38
    • 0034862691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildfire-related debris-flow initiation processes, storm king mountain, Colorado
    • Cannon, S.H.; Kirkham, R.M.; Parise, M. 2001. Wildfire-related debris-flow initiation processes, storm king mountain, Colorado. Geomorphology 39(3-4):171-188.
    • (2001) Geomorphology , vol.39 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 171-188
    • Cannon, S.H.1    Kirkham, R.M.2    Parise, M.3
  • 39
    • 48649107704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of ash and needle cover on surface runoff and erosion in the immediate post-fire period
    • Cerda, A.; Doerr, SH. 2008 The effect of ash and needle cover on surface runoff and erosion in the immediate post-fire period. Catena 74: 256-63.
    • (2008) Catena , vol.74 , pp. 256-263
    • Cerda, A.1    Doerr, S.H.2
  • 40
    • 0003656686 scopus 로고
    • Fire in Forestry - Volume I: Forest Fire Behavior and Effects
    • New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
    • Chandler, C.P; Cheney, P.; Thomas, P; Trabaud, L.; Williams, D. 1991. Fire in Forestry - Volume I: Forest Fire Behavior and Effects. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 450 p.
    • (1991) , pp. 450
    • Chandler, C.P.1    Cheney, P.2    Thomas, P.3    Trabaud, L.4    Williams, D.5
  • 41
    • 84956848837 scopus 로고
    • The nature of heat-Its role in wildland fire-Part 1
    • Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Countryman, C.M. 1975. The nature of heat-Its role in wildland fire-Part 1. Unnumbered Publication. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 8 p.
    • (1975) Unnumbered Publication , pp. 8
    • Countryman, C.M.1
  • 42
    • 84956827029 scopus 로고
    • Radiation. Heat-Its role in wildland fire-Part 4.
    • Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Countryman, C.M. 1976a. Radiation. Heat-Its role in wildland fire-Part 4. Unnumbered Publication. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 8 p.
    • (1976) Unnumbered Publication , pp. 8
    • Countryman, C.M.1
  • 43
    • 84956810695 scopus 로고
    • Radiation. Heat-Its role in wildland fire-Part 5
    • Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Countryman, C.M. 1976b. Radiation. Heat-Its role in wildland fire-Part 5. Unnumbered Publication. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 12 p.
    • (1976) Unnumbered Publication , pp. 12
    • Countryman, C.M.1
  • 44
    • 77958060232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catastrophic disturbances in headwater streams: The long-term ecological effects of debris flows and debris floods in the Klamath Mountains, northern California
    • Cover, M.R.; de la Fuente, J.A.; Resh, V.H. 2010. Catastrophic disturbances in headwater streams: The long-term ecological effects of debris flows and debris floods in the Klamath Mountains, northern California. Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 67(10):1596-1610.
    • (2010) Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences , vol.67 , Issue.10 , pp. 1596-1610
    • Cover, M.R.1    de la Fuente, J.A.2    Resh, V.H.3
  • 46
    • 17644373024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring wilderness stream ecosystems
    • General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-70. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
    • Davis, J.C.; Minshall, G.W.; Robinson, C.T.; Landres, P. 2001. Monitoring wilderness stream ecosystems. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-70. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 137 p.
    • (2001) , pp. . 137
    • Davis, J.C.1    Minshall, G.W.2    Robinson, C.T.3    Landres, P.4
  • 47
    • 84871991183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate-induced shift in hydrological regime alters basal resource dynamics in a wilderness river ecosystem
    • Davis, J.M.; Baxter, C.V.; Minshall, G.W.; Olson, N.F.; Tang, C.; Crosby, B.T. 2013. Climate-induced shift in hydrological regime alters basal resource dynamics in a wilderness river ecosystem. Freshwater Biology 58: 306-319.
    • (2013) Freshwater Biology , vol.58 , pp. 306-319
    • Davis, J.M.1    Baxter, C.V.2    Minshall, G.W.3    Olson, N.F.4    Tang, C.5    Crosby, B.T.6
  • 48
    • 0003855717 scopus 로고
    • Water repellent soils: a state-of-the-art
    • General Technical Report PSW- 46. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • DeBano, L.F. 1981. Water repellent soils: a state-of-the-art. General Technical Report PSW- 46. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 21 p.
    • (1981) , pp. 21
    • DeBano, L.F.1
  • 49
    • 0034729344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water repellency in soils: a historical overview
    • DeBano, L.F. 2000a. Water repellency in soils: a historical overview. Journal of Hydrology 231-232: 4-32.
    • (2000) Journal of Hydrology , vol.231-232 , pp. 4-32
    • DeBano, L.F.1
  • 50
    • 0034729524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of fire and soil heating on water repellency in wildland environments: a review
    • DeBano, L.F. 2000b. The role of fire and soil heating on water repellency in wildland environments: a review. Journal of Hydrology 231-232: 195-206.
    • (2000) Journal of Hydrology , vol.231-232 , pp. 195-206
    • DeBano, L.F.1
  • 51
    • 0002763559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire severity effects on water resources
    • Ffolliott, P.F.; DeBano, L.F.; Baker, M.B., Jr.; Gottfried, G.J.; Solis-Garza, G.;
    • DeBano, L.F.; Ffolliott, P.F.; Baker, M.B., Jr. 1996. Fire severity effects on water resources. In: Ffolliott, P.F.; DeBano, L.F.; Baker, M.B., Jr.; Gottfried, G.J.; Solis-Garza, G.;
    • (1996)
    • DeBano, L.F.1    Ffolliott, P.F.2    Baker, M.B.3
  • 52
    • 84956747859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire on Madrean Province ecosystems: a symposium proceedings
    • General Technical Report RM-GTR-289. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Edminster, C.B.; Neary, D.G.; Allen, L.S.; Hamre, R.H. (tech. coords.). Effects of fire on Madrean Province ecosystems: a symposium proceedings. General Technical Report RM-GTR-289. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 77-84.
    • Edminster, C.B.1    Neary, D.G.2    Allen, L.S.3    Hamre, R.H.4
  • 53
    • 0003808642 scopus 로고
    • Soil heating in chaparral fires: effects on soil properties, plant nutrients, erosion and runoff
    • Research Paper PSW-145. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station.
    • DeBano, L.F.; Rice, R.M.; Conrad, C.E. 1979. Soil heating in chaparral fires: effects on soil properties, plant nutrients, erosion and runoff. Research Paper PSW-145. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 21 p.
    • (1979) , pp. 21
    • DeBano, L.F.1    Rice, R.M.2    Conrad, C.E.3
  • 54
    • 84956831247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire's Effects on Ecosystems. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
    • DeBano, L.F.; Neary, D.G.; Ffolliott, P.F. 1998. Fire's Effects on Ecosystems. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 333 p.
    • (1998) , pp. 333
    • DeBano, L.F.1    Neary, D.G.2    Ffolliott.3
  • 55
    • 69949141726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil physical properties
    • Neary, D.G.; Ryan, K.C.; DeBano, L.F. (eds.) 2005. Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Soil and Water. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42 Volume 4. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
    • DeBano, L.F.; Neary, D.G.; Ffolliott, P.F. 2005. Chapter 2: Soil physical properties. Pp. 29-51. In: Neary, D.G.; Ryan, K.C.; DeBano, L.F. (eds.) 2005. Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Soil and Water. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42 Volume 4. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 250 p.
    • (2005)
    • DeBano, L.F.1    Neary, D.G.2    Ffolliott, P.F.3
  • 57
    • 0003913971 scopus 로고
    • The national fire danger rating system, 1978
    • General Technical Report INT-39. Ogden, UT: U.S.Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Deeming, J.E.; Burgan, R.E.; Cohen, J.D. 1977. The national fire danger rating system, 1978. General Technical Report INT-39. Ogden, UT: U.S.Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 63 p.
    • (1977) , pp. 63
    • Deeming, J.E.1    Burgan, R.E.2    Cohen, J.D.3
  • 58
    • 0001784689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire effects on trees. In: Johnson, E.A.; Miyanishi, K. (eds.). Forest Fires, Behavior and Ecological Effects. San Francisco, CA: Academic Press
    • Dickinson, M.B.; Johnson, E.A. 2001. Fire effects on trees. In: Johnson, E.A.; Miyanishi, K. (eds.). Forest Fires, Behavior and Ecological Effects. San Francisco, CA: Academic Press: 477-525.
    • (2001) , pp. 477-525
    • Dickinson, M.B.1    Johnson, E.A.2
  • 59
    • 0033807118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil water repellency: its causes, characteristics and hydro-geomorphological signifigance
    • Doerr, S.H.; Shakesby, R.A.; Walsh, R.P.D. 2000. Soil water repellency: its causes, characteristics and hydro-geomorphological signifigance. Earth Science Reviews 51(1-4): 33-65
    • Earth Science Reviews , vol.51 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 33-65
    • Doerr, S.H.1    Shakesby, R.A.2    Walsh, R.P.D.3
  • 60
    • 0038751907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire on fish populations: Landscape perspectives on persistence of native fishes and nonnative fish invasions
    • Dunham, J.B.; Young, M.K.; Gresswell, R.E.; Rieman, B.E. 2003. Effects of fire on fish populations: Landscape perspectives on persistence of native fishes and nonnative fish invasions. Forest Ecology and Management 178(1-2):183-196.
    • (2003) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.178 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 183-196
    • Dunham, J.B.1    Young, M.K.2    Gresswell, R.E.3    Rieman, B.E.4
  • 61
    • 34447515768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of wildfire and channel reorganization on spatial and temporal variation in stream temperature and the distribution of fish and amphibians
    • Dunham, J.B.; Rosenberger, A.E.; Luce, C.H.; Rieman, B.E. 2007. Influences of wildfire and channel reorganization on spatial and temporal variation in stream temperature and the distribution of fish and amphibians. Ecosystems 10(2): 335-346.
    • (2007) Ecosystems , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 335-346
    • Dunham, J.B.1    Rosenberger, A.E.2    Luce, C.H.3    Rieman, B.E.4
  • 62
    • 0038685833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of wildfire ash on water chemistry and biota in south- western U.S.A. streams
    • Earl, S.R.; Blinn, D.W. 2003. Effects of wildfire ash on water chemistry and biota in south- western U.S.A. streams. Freshwater Biology 48(6):1015-1030.
    • (2003) Freshwater Biology , vol.48 , Issue.6 , pp. 1015-1030
    • Earl, S.R.1    Blinn, D.W.2
  • 63
    • 0037416110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuity in fire disturbance between riparian and adjacent sideslope douglas-fir forests
    • Everett, R.; Schellhaas, R.; Ohlson, P.; Spurbeck, D.; Keenum, D. 2003. Continuity in fire disturbance between riparian and adjacent sideslope douglas-fir forests. Forest Ecology and Management 175(1): 31-47.
    • (2003) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.175 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-47
    • Everett, R.1    Schellhaas, R.2    Ohlson, P.3    Spurbeck, D.4    Keenum, D.5
  • 64
    • 2142727052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of fire severity, not fire intensity, on understory vegetation biomass in British Columbia. In: Proceedings
    • 13th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology; 1996 October 27-31; Lorne, Australia. International Journal of Wildland Fire
    • Feller, M.C. 1998. The influence of fire severity, not fire intensity, on understory vegetation biomass in British Columbia. In: Proceedings, 13th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology; 1996 October 27-31; Lorne, Australia. International Journal of Wildland Fire: 335-348.
    • (1998) , pp. 335-348
    • Feller, M.C.1
  • 66
    • 79251486556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of fire in the future: benefits, concerns, constraints
    • Ffolliott, P.F.; DeBano, L.F.; Baker, M.B., Jr.; Gottfried, G.J.; Solis-Garza, G.; Edminster, C.B.; Neary, D.G.; Allen, L.S.; Hamre, R.H. (tech. coords.)General Technical Report RM-GTR-289. Fort Colllins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Ffolliott, P.F.; Arriaga, L.; Mercado Guido, C. 1996. Use of fire in the future: benefits, concerns, constraints. In: Ffolliott, P.F.; DeBano, L.F.; Baker, M.B., Jr.; Gottfried, G.J.; Solis-Garza, G.; Edminster, C.B.; Neary, D.G.; Allen, L.S.; Hamre, R.H. (tech. coords.). Effects of fire on Madrean Providence ecosystems: a symposium proceedings. General Technical Report RM-GTR-289. Fort Colllins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 217-222.
    • (1996) Effects of fire on Madrean Providence ecosystems: a symposium proceedings , pp. 217-222
    • Ffolliott, P.F.1    Arriaga, L.2    Mercado Guido, C.3
  • 67
    • 84956840074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire effects on tree overstories in the oak savannas of the southwestern Borderlands region
    • Research Paper RMRS-RP-85. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
    • Ffolliott, P.F.; Stropki, C.L.; Chen, H.; Neary, D.G. 2011a. Fire effects on tree overstories in the oak savannas of the southwestern Borderlands region. Research Paper RMRS-RP-85. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 113 p.
    • (2011) , pp. 113
    • Ffolliott, P.F.1    Stropki, C.L.2    Chen, H.3    Neary, D.G.4
  • 68
    • 84956804995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of a historic wildfire on southwestern ponderosa pine forest ecosystems, hydrology, and fuels
    • Research Paper RMRS-RP-86. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
    • Ffolliott, P.F.; Stropki, C.L.; Chen, H.; Neary, D.G. 2011b. Impacts of a historic wildfire on southwestern ponderosa pine forest ecosystems, hydrology, and fuels. Research Paper RMRS-RP-86. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 36 p.
    • (2011) , pp. 36
    • Ffolliott, P.F.1    Stropki, C.L.2    Chen, H.3    Neary, D.G.4
  • 69
    • 0000421398 scopus 로고
    • Depth of underground plant organs and theoretical survival during fire
    • Flinn, M.A.; Wein, R.W. 1977. Depth of underground plant organs and theoretical survival during fire. Canadian Journal of Botany 55: 2550-2554.
    • (1977) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.55 , pp. 2550-2554
    • Flinn, M.A.1    Wein, R.W.2
  • 70
    • 0022839529 scopus 로고
    • Soil moisture reduces belowground heat flux and soil temperature under a burning fuel pile
    • Frandsen, W.H.; Ryan, K.C. 1986. Soil moisture reduces belowground heat flux and soil temperature under a burning fuel pile. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16: 244- 248.
    • (1986) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.16 , pp. 244- 248
    • Frandsen, W.H.1    Ryan, K.C.2
  • 71
    • 84887923725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large mammal mortality in the 1988 Yellowstone fires
    • French, M.G.; French, S.P. 1996. Large mammal mortality in the 1988 Yellowstone fires. Pp. 113-115. In: Greenlee, J.M. (ed.) The Ecological Implications of Fire in the Greater Yellowstone. Proceedings of the 2nd Biennial Conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, September 21-23, 1993, Yellowstone National Park. International Association of Wildland Fire.
    • (1996) , pp. 113-115
    • French, M.G.1    French, S.P.2
  • 72
    • 0002714959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presettlement fire frequency regimes of the United States: a first approximation
    • Pruden, T.L.; Brennan, L.(eds.). Fire in ecosystem management: shifting paradigm from suppression to prescription. Proceedings, Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference; 1996 May 7-10. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station
    • Frost, C.C. 1998. Presettlement fire frequency regimes of the United States: a first approximation. In: Pruden, T.L.; Brennan, L.(eds.). Fire in ecosystem management: shifting paradigm from suppression to prescription. Proceedings, Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference; 1996 May 7-10. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 20:70-81.
    • (1998) , vol.20 , pp. 70-81
    • Frost, C.C.1
  • 73
    • 34447304307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compilation of post wildfire runoff-event data from the Western United States
    • Open-File Report 04-1085. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey
    • Gartner, J.E.; Bigio, E.R.; Cannon, S.H. 2004. Compilation of post wildfire runoff-event data from the Western United States. Open-File Report 04-1085. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. 22 p.
    • (2004) , pp. 22
    • Gartner, J.E.1    Bigio, E.R.2    Cannon, S.H.3
  • 74
    • 0032214913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water quality of two streams near Yellowstone Park, Wyoming following the 1988 clover-mist wildfire
    • Gerla, P.; Galloway, J. 1998. Water quality of two streams near Yellowstone Park, Wyoming following the 1988 clover-mist wildfire. Environmental Geology 36(1):127-136.
    • (1998) Environmental Geology , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 127-136
    • Gerla, P.1    Galloway, J.2
  • 75
    • 84956763067 scopus 로고
    • Stems and fires. In: Gartner, N.G. (ed.) Plant Stems Pathology and Functional Morphology
    • Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
    • Gill, A.M. 1995. Stems and fires. In: Gartner, N.G. (ed.) Plant Stems Pathology and Functional Morphology. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Pp. 323-324.
    • (1995) , pp. 323-324
    • Gill, A.M.1
  • 76
    • 2442440010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term forest fire retardants: a review of quality, effectiveness, application and environmental considerations
    • Gimenez, A.; Pastor, E.; Zarate, L.; Planas, E.; Arnaldos, J. 2004. Long-term forest fire retardants: a review of quality, effectiveness, application and environmental considerations. International Journal of Wildland Fire 13(1): 1-15.
    • (2004) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-15
    • Gimenez, A.1    Pastor, E.2    Zarate, L.3    Planas, E.4    Arnaldos, J.5
  • 77
    • 84856021259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced sediment delivery in a changing climate in semi-arid mountain basins: Implications for water resource management and aquatic habitat in the northern Rocky Mountains
    • Goode, J.R.; Luce, C.H.; Buffington, J.M. 2012. Enhanced sediment delivery in a changing climate in semi-arid mountain basins: Implications for water resource management and aquatic habitat in the northern Rocky Mountains. Geomorphology 139:1-15.
    • (2012) Geomorphology , vol.139 , pp. 1-15
    • Goode, J.R.1    Luce, C.H.2    Buffington, J.M.3
  • 78
    • 84969715126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economic dimension of wildfires
    • In: Goldammer, J.G. (ed.) Vegetation Fires and Global Change - Challenges for a Concerted International Action, Kessel Publishing House, Remagen, Germany
    • González-Cabán, A. 2013. Chapter 17: The economic dimension of wildfires. Pp. 229-237. In: Goldammer, J.G. (ed.) Vegetation Fires and Global Change - Challenges for a Concerted International Action, Kessel Publishing House, Remagen, Germany, ISBN 978-3-941300-78-1.
    • (2013) , pp. 229-237
    • González-Cabán, A.1
  • 79
    • 58149518174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of wildfires on hydrologic processes in forested ecosystems: two case studies
    • Renard, K.G.; McElroy, S.A.; Gburek, W.J.; Canfield, H.E.; Scott, R.L. (eds.). First Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds; 2003 October 27-30. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
    • Gottfried, G.J.; Neary, D.G.; Baker, M.B., Jr.; Ffolliott, P.F. 2003. Impacts of wildfires on hydrologic processes in forested ecosystems: two case studies. In: Renard, K.G.; McElroy, S.A.; Gburek, W.J.; Canfield, H.E.; Scott, R.L. (eds.). First Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds; 2003 October 27-30. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural-Research Service: 668-673.
    • (2003) , pp. 668-673
    • Gottfried, G.J.1    Neary, D.G.2    Baker, M.B.3    Ffolliott, P.F.4
  • 80
    • 0032986212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire and aquatic ecosystems in forested biomes of Northern America
    • Gresswell, R.E. 1999. Fire and aquatic ecosystems in forested biomes of Northern America. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 128: 193-221.
    • (1999) Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , vol.128 , pp. 193-221
    • Gresswell, R.E.1
  • 81
    • 0022822718 scopus 로고
    • Nutrient changes in surface soils after an intense fire in jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm.) forest
    • Grove, T.S.; O'Connell, A.M.; Dimmock, G.M. 1986. Nutrient changes in surface soils after an intense fire in jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm.) forest. Australian Journal of Ecology 11: 303-317.
    • (1986) Australian Journal of Ecology , vol.11 , pp. 303-317
    • Grove, T.S.1    O'Connell, A.M.2    Dimmock, G.M.3
  • 82
    • 58149525880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term effects of wildfire on montane stream ecosystems in the southern rocky mountains: One and two years post-burn
    • Hall, S.J.; Lombardozzi, D. 2008. Short-term effects of wildfire on montane stream ecosystems in the southern rocky mountains: One and two years post-burn. Western North American Naturalist 68(4):453-462.
    • (2008) Western North American Naturalist , vol.68 , Issue.4 , pp. 453-462
    • Hall, S.J.1    Lombardozzi, D.2
  • 83
    • 19544391439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildland fire hazard and risk: Problems, definitions, and context
    • Hardy, C.C. 2005. Wildland fire hazard and risk: Problems, definitions, and context. Forest Ecology and Management 211: 73-82.
    • (2005) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.211 , pp. 73-82
    • Hardy, C.C.1
  • 84
    • 0345851414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping historic fire regimes for the Western United States: Integrating remote sensing and biophysical data
    • Greer, J.D. (ed.). Proceedings of the 7th Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Conference; 1998 April 6-10;. Nassau Bay, TX. Bethesda, MD: American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
    • Hardy, C.C.; Menakis, J.P.; Long, D.G.; Brown, J.K. 1998. Mapping historic fire regimes for the Western United States: Integrating remote sensing and biophysical data. In: Greer J.D. (ed.). Proceedings of the 7th Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Conference; 1998 April 6-10;. Nassau Bay, TX. Bethesda, MD: American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing: 288-300.
    • (1998) , pp. 288-300
    • Hardy, C.C.1    Menakis, J.P.2    Long, D.G.3    Brown, J.K.4
  • 87
    • 84971056445 scopus 로고
    • When it's hot, it's hot ... or maybe it's not (surface flaming may not portend extensive soil heating
    • Hartford, R.A.; Frandsen, W.H. 1992. When it's hot, it's hot ...or maybe it's not (surface flaming may not portend extensive soil heating). International Journal of Wildland Fire 2: 139-144.
    • (1992) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.2 , pp. 139-144
    • Hartford, R.A.1    Frandsen, W.H.2
  • 88
    • 0032237065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of immediate and longterm effects
    • Phosphorus and nitrogen dynamics in streams associated with wildfire
    • Hauer, F.; Spencer, C. (1998). Phosphorus and nitrogen dynamics in streams associated with wildfire: A study of immediate and longterm effects. International Journal of Wildland Fire 8(4): 183-198.
    • (1998) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 183-198
    • Hauer, F.1    Spencer, C.2
  • 89
    • 84956761862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heinselman, M.L. 1978. Fire in wilderness ecosystems. In: Hendee, J.C.; Stankey, G.H.; Lucas, R.C. Wilderness Management. Misc. Pub. No. 1365. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service:
    • Headwaters Economics. 2014. http://headwaterseconomics.org/wildfire/reducing-wildfire-risk http://headwaterseconomics.org/wildfire/reducing-wildfire-risk Heinselman, M.L. 1978. Fire in wilderness ecosystems. In: Hendee, J.C.; Stankey, G.H.; Lucas, R.C. Wilderness Management. Misc. Pub. No. 1365. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 249-278.
    • (2014) , pp. 249-278
  • 90
    • 0007722980 scopus 로고
    • Some climatic and hydrologic effects of wildfire in Washington State
    • Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station
    • Helvey, J.D.; Tiedemann, A.R.; Fowler, W.B. 1976. Some climatic and hydrologic effects of wildfire in Washington State. Proceedings of the Tall Timber Fire Ecology Conference. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 15: 201-222.
    • (1976) Proceedings of the Tall Timber Fire Ecology Conference , vol.15 , pp. 201-222
    • Helvey, J.D.1    Tiedemann, A.R.2    Fowler, W.B.3
  • 91
    • 0002684735 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire on steep mountain slopes in central Arizona
    • Hendricks, B.A.; Johnson, J.M. 1944. Effects of fire on steep mountain slopes in central Arizona. Journal of Forestry 42: 568-571.
    • (1944) Journal of Forestry , vol.42 , pp. 568-571
    • Hendricks, B.A.1    Johnson, J.M.2
  • 92
    • 84888692649 scopus 로고
    • Chaparral conversion otential in Arizona
    • Water yield response and effects on other resources. Research Paper RM-126. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Hibbert, A.R; Davis, E.A.; Scholl, D.G. 1974. Chaparral conversion otential in Arizona. Part I: Water yield response and effects on other resources. Research Paper RM-126. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 36 p.
    • (1974) , pp. 36
    • Hibbert, A.R.1    Davis, E.A.2    Scholl, D.G.3
  • 93
    • 0037363584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immediate effects of wildfire on stream temperature
    • Hitt, N.P. 2003. Immediate effects of wildfire on stream temperature. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 171-173.
    • (2003) Journal of Freshwater Ecology , pp. 171-173
    • Hitt, N.P.1
  • 94
    • 0027790011 scopus 로고
    • Long-term impacts of forest treatments on water yields: a summary for northeastern USA
    • Hornbeck, J.W.; Adams, M.B.; Corbett, E.S.; Verry, E.S.; Lynch, J.A. 1993. Long-term impacts of forest treatments on water yields: a summary for northeastern USA. Journal of Hydrology 150: 323-344.
    • (1993) Journal of Hydrology , vol.150 , pp. 323-344
    • Hornbeck, J.W.1    Adams, M.B.2    Corbett, E.S.3    Verry, E.S.4    Lynch, J.A.5
  • 95
    • 80051870212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amphibian responses to wildfire in the western United States: Emerging patterns from short-term studies
    • Hossack, B.R.; Pilliod, D.S. 2011. Amphibian responses to wildfire in the western United States: Emerging patterns from short-term studies. Fire Ecology 7:129-143.
    • (2011) Fire Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 129-143
    • Hossack, B.R.1    Pilliod, D.S.2
  • 96
    • 34247206509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of wildfire and subsequent hydrologic events on fish distribution and abundance in tributaries of north fork John Day River
    • Howell, P.J. (2006). Effects of wildfire and subsequent hydrologic events on fish distribution and abundance in tributaries of north fork John Day River. North American Journal of Fish Management 26(4): 983-994.
    • (2006) North American Journal of Fish Management , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 983-994
    • Howell, P.J.1
  • 97
    • 0003641644 scopus 로고
    • Soil conservation
    • 2d ed. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press
    • Hudson, Norman. 1981. Soil conservation. 2d ed. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 324 p.
    • (1981) , pp. 324
    • Hudson, N.1
  • 98
    • 0006921211 scopus 로고
    • Modeling the downward heat pulse from fire in soils and plant tissue
    • MacIver, D.C.; Auld, H.; Whitewood, R., (eds.). Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology. Ottawa, Canada
    • Hungerford, R.D. 1990. Modeling the downward heat pulse from fire in soils and plant tissue. In: MacIver, D.C.; Auld, H.; Whitewood, R., (eds.). Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology. Ottawa, Canada: 148-154.
    • (1990) , pp. 148-154
    • Hungerford, R.D.1
  • 99
    • 0003463289 scopus 로고
    • The influence of fire on factors that affect site productivity
    • Harvey, A.C.; Nuenschwander, L.F. (comps.). Proceedings, Management and productivity of western montane forest soils. General Technical Report INT-280. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Hungerford, R.D.; Harrington, M.G.; Frandsen, W.H.; Ryan, K.C.; Niehoff, G.J. 1991. The influence of fire on factors that affect site productivity. In: Harvey, A.C.; Nuenschwander, L.F. (comps.). Proceedings, Management and productivity of western montane forest soils. General Technical Report INT-280. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 32-50.
    • (1991) , pp. 32-50
    • Hungerford, R.D.1    Harrington, M.G.2    Frandsen, W.H.3    Ryan, K.C.4    Niehoff, G.J.5
  • 100
    • 64849093552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate and hydrological changes in the northeastern United States: Recent trends and implications for forested and aquatic ecosystems
    • Huntington, T.G.; Richardson, A.D.; McGuire, K.J.; Hayhoe, K. 2009. Climate and hydrological changes in the northeastern United States: Recent trends and implications for forested and aquatic ecosystems. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39(2):199- 212.
    • (2009) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 199-212
    • Huntington, T.G.1    Richardson, A.D.2    McGuire, K.J.3    Hayhoe, K.4
  • 101
    • 77954337776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of climate change and wildfire on stream temperatures and salmonid thermal habitat in a mountain river network
    • Isaak, D.J.; Luce, C.H.; Rieman, B.E. 2010. Effects of climate change and wildfire on stream temperatures and salmonid thermal habitat in a mountain river network. Ecological Applications 20(5):1350-1371
    • (2010) Ecological Applications , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 1350-1371
    • Isaak, D.J.1    Luce, C.H.2    Rieman, B.E.3
  • 102
    • 2442592771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of wildfire supression chemicals on people and the environment-a review
    • Kakabokidis, K.D. 2000. Effects of wildfire supression chemicals on people and the environment-a review. Global Nest: The International Journal. 2(2): 129-137
    • (2000) , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-137
    • Kakabokidis, K.D.1
  • 103
    • 0027492563 scopus 로고
    • Biomass and nutrient dynamics associated with slash fires in neotropical dry forests
    • Kauffman, J.B.; Sanford, R.L., Jr.; Cummings, D.L.; Salcedo, I.H.; Sampaia, E.V.S.B. 1993. Biomass and nutrient dynamics associated with slash fires in neotropical dry forests. Ecology 74: 140-151.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 140-151
    • Kauffman, J.B.1    Sanford, R.L.2    Cummings, D.L.3    Salcedo, I.H.4    Sampaia, E.V.S.B.5
  • 104
    • 0037451676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass dynamics associated with deforestation, fire, and conversion to cattle pasture in a Mexican tropical dry fores
    • Kauffman, J.B.; Steele, M.D.; Cummings, D.; Jaramillo, V.J. 2003. Biomass dynamics associated with deforestation, fire, and conversion to cattle pasture in a Mexican tropical dry forest. Forest Ecology and Management 176(1-3): 1-12.
    • (2003) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.176 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 1-12
    • Kauffman, J.B.1    Steele, M.D.2    Cummings, D.3    Jaramillo, V.J.4
  • 105
    • 84864277004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire-driven alien invasion in a fire-adapted ecosystem
    • Keeley, J.E.; Brennan, T.J. 2012. Fire-driven alien invasion in a fire-adapted ecosystem. Oecologia 169:1043-1052
    • (2012) Oecologia , vol.169 , pp. 1043-1052
    • Keeley, J.E.1    Brennan, T.J.2
  • 106
    • 84864953713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • induced changes in aquatic ecosystems
    • Part 6 Fire. In: Hayman fire case study. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-114:
    • Kershner, J.L.; MacDonald , L.; Decker, L.M.; Winters, D.; Libohova, Z. 2003. Part 6: Fire-Kershner, J.L.; MacDonald , L.; Decker, L.M.; Winters, D.; Libohova, Z. 2003. Part 6: Fire-induced changes in aquatic ecosystems. In: Hayman fire case study. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-114: Pp. 232-243.
    • (2003) , pp. 232-243
    • Kershner, J.L.1    MacDonald, L.2    Decker, L.M.3    Winters, D.4    Libohova, Z.5
  • 107
    • 84956838846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ground measure of severity, the Composite Burn Index; and remote sensing of severity, the Normalized Burn Ratio, FIREMON landscape assessment documents
    • National Park Service and U.S. Geological Survey National Burn Severity Mapping Project: U.S. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service and U.S. Geological Survey.
    • Key, C.H.; Benson, N.C. 2004. Ground measure of severity, the Composite Burn Index; and remote sensing of severity, the Normalized Burn Ratio, FIREMON landscape assessment documents. National Park Service and U.S. Geological Survey National Burn Severity Mapping Project: http:// burnseverity.cr.usgs.gov/methodology.asp U.S. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service and U.S. Geological Survey.
    • (2004)
    • Key, C.H.1    Benson, N.C.2
  • 108
    • 0007722982 scopus 로고
    • Soil-water trends following a wildfire on the Entiat Experimental Forest
    • Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, Pacific Northwest; 1974 October 16-17; Portland, OR. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station
    • Klock, G.O.; Helvey, J.D. 1976. Soil-water trends following a wildfire on the Entiat Experimental Forest. Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, Pacific Northwest; 1974 October 16-17; Portland, OR. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station. 15: 193-200.
    • (1976) , vol.15 , pp. 193-200
    • Klock, G.O.1    Helvey, J.D.2
  • 109
    • 0347839486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erosion from mountain side slopes after fire in southern California
    • Research Note PSW-171. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Krammes, J.S. 1960. Erosion from mountain side slopes after fire in southern California. Research Note PSW-171. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 8 p.
    • Krammes, J.S.1
  • 110
    • 0001795095 scopus 로고
    • Effect of fire on the San Dimas Experimental Forest
    • Proceedings, 7th Annual Meeting, Arizona Watershed Symposium; 1963 September 18; Phoenix, AZ:
    • Krammes, J.S.; Rice, R.M. 1963. Effect of fire on the San Dimas Experimental Forest. In: Proceedings, 7th Annual Meeting, Arizona Watershed Symposium; 1963 September 18; Phoenix, AZ: Pp. 31-34.
    • (1963) , pp. 31-34
    • Krammes, J.S.1    Rice, R.M.2
  • 111
    • 33646542337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streamflow and suspended sediment yield following the 2000 bobcat fire, Colorado
    • Kunze, M.D.; Stednick, J.D. 2006. Streamflow and suspended sediment yield following the 2000 bobcat fire, Colorado. Hydrological Processes 20(8):1661-1681.
    • (2006) Hydrological Processes , vol.20 , Issue.8 , pp. 1661-1681
    • Kunze, M.D.1    Stednick, J.D.2
  • 112
    • 84971101792 scopus 로고
    • Impacts of the 1988 wildfires on the water-quality of Yellowstone and Lewis lakes, Wyoming
    • Lathrop Jr, R. 1994. Impacts of the 1988 wildfires on the water-quality of Yellowstone and Lewis lakes, Wyoming. International Journal of Wildland Fire 4(3):169-175.
    • (1994) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 169-175
    • Lathrop, R.1
  • 113
    • 0027543735 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the hydrological response of a small Mediterranean basin a year after fire
    • Lavabre, J.D.; Gaweda, D.S.; H.A. Froehlich, H.A. 1993. Changes in the hydrological response of a small Mediterranean basin a year after fire. Journal of Hydrology 142: 273- 299.
    • (1993) Journal of Hydrology , vol.142 , pp. 273- 299
    • Lavabre, J.D.1    Gaweda, D.S.2    Froehlich, H.A.3
  • 114
    • 0020664605 scopus 로고
    • The threat of soil erosion to long-term crop production
    • Laverty, L.; Williams, J. 2000. Protecting people and sustaining resources in fire-adapted ecosystems: a cohesive strategy. The Forest Service Management Response to the General Accounting Office Report GAO/RCED-99-65. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 85 p.
    • (1983) Science , vol.219 , pp. 458-465
    • Larson, W.E.1    Pierce, F.J.2    Dowdy, R.H.3
  • 115
    • 0004131983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protecting people and sustaining resources in fire-adapted ecosystems: a cohesive strategy
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service
    • Laverty, L.; Williams, J. 2000. Protecting people and sustaining resources in fire-adapted ecosystems: a cohesive strategy. The Forest Service Management Response to the General Accounting Office Report GAO/RCED-99-65. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 85 p.
    • (2000) The Forest Service Management Response to the General Accounting Office Report GAO/RCED-99-65 , pp. 85
    • Laverty, L.1    Williams, J.2
  • 116
    • 84956829939 scopus 로고
    • Increases in maximum stream temperatures after slash burning in a small experimental watershed. Research Note PNW-110. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Levno, A.; Rothacher, J. 1969. Increases in maximum stream temperatures after slash burning in a small experimental watershed. Research Note PNW-110. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 7 p.
    • (1969) , pp. 7
    • Levno, A.1    Rothacher, J.2
  • 117
    • 0001744529 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire on nutrient movement in a South Carolina pine forest
    • Lewis, W.M. 1974. Effects of fire on nutrient movement in a South Carolina pine forest. Ecology 55: 1120-1127.
    • (1974) Ecology , vol.55 , pp. 1120-1127
    • Lewis, W.M.1
  • 118
    • 1242340900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire-retardant chemical products on fathead minnows in experimental streams
    • Final Report to USDA Forest Service, Wildland Fire Chemical Systems, Missoula Technology and Development Center, Missoula, MT. Columbia, MO: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center
    • Little, E.E.; Calfee, R.D. 2002. Effects of fire-retardant chemical products on fathead minnows in experimental streams. Final Report to USDA Forest Service, Wildland Fire Chemical Systems, Missoula Technology and Development Center, Missoula, MT. Columbia, MO: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center.
    • (2002)
    • Little, E.E.1    Calfee, R.D.2
  • 119
    • 5444244936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do forest fires really cost?
    • Lynch, D.L. 2004. What do forest fires really cost? Journal of Forestry 102: 42-49.
    • (2004) Journal of Forestry , vol.102 , pp. 42-49
    • Lynch, D.L.1
  • 120
    • 0012910077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct effects of fire and animal responses
    • In: Smith, J.K. (ed.) 2000. Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Fauna. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42 Volume 1. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
    • Lyon, L.J.; Telfer, E.S.; Schreiner, D.S. 2000. Chapter 3: Direct effects of fire and animal responses. Pp. 17-23. In: Smith, J.K. (ed.) 2000. Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Fauna. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42 Volume 1. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 83 p.
    • (2000)
    • Lyon, L.J.1    Telfer, E.S.2    Schreiner, D.S.3
  • 121
    • 4244102001 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen in the development of ecosystems.
    • In: Lee, J.A.; McNeill, S.; Rorison, I.H., (eds.). Oxford, England: Blackwell Science Publishing
    • Maars, R.H.; Roberts, R.D.; Skeffinton, R.A.; Bradshaw, A.D. 1983. Nitrogen in the development of ecosystems. In: Lee, J.A.; McNeill, S.; Rorison, I.H., (eds.). Nitrogen as an Ecological Factor. Oxford, England: Blackwell Science Publishing: 131-137.
    • (1983) Nitrogen as an Ecological Factor , pp. 131-137
    • Maars, R.H.1    Roberts, R.D.2    Skeffinton, R.A.3    Bradshaw, A.D.4
  • 123
    • 84861340060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of wildfire of varying severity on benthic stream insect assemblages and emergence
    • Malison, R.L.; Baxter, C.V. 2010a. Effects of wildfire of varying severity on benthic stream insect assemblages and emergence. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 29(4):1324-1338.
    • (2010) Journal of the North American Benthological Society , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 1324-1338
    • Malison, R.L.1    Baxter, C.V.2
  • 124
    • 77649145449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fire pulse: Wildfire stimulates flux of aquatic prey to terrestrial habitats driving increases in riparian consumers
    • Malison, R.L.; Baxter, C.V. 2010b. The fire pulse: Wildfire stimulates flux of aquatic prey to terrestrial habitats driving increases in riparian consumers. Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 67(3):570-579.
    • (2010) Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences , vol.67 , Issue.3 , pp. 570-579
    • Malison, R.L.1    Baxter, C.V.2
  • 125
    • 84956742270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to visibility. #CA-2350-97.Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere: T097-04, T98-06.
    • Malm, W.C. 2000. Introduction to visibility. #CA-2350-97.Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere: T097-04, T98-06.
    • (2000)
    • Malm, W.C.1
  • 126
    • 5244284626 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation management effects on sediment yields
    • Shou-Shou, T.; Yung-Huang, K. (eds.). Proceedings of the 5th Interagency Sediment Conference. Washington, DC: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
    • Maxwell, J.R.; Neary, D.G. 1991. Vegetation management effects on sediment yields. In: Shou-Shou, T.; Yung-Huang, K. (eds.). Proceedings of the 5th Interagency Sediment Conference. Washington, DC: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. 2: 12-63.
    • (1991) , Issue.2 , pp. 12-63
    • Maxwell, J.R.1    Neary, D.G.2
  • 127
    • 4243111657 scopus 로고
    • The characterization of fires in relation to ecological studies
    • McArthur, A.G.; Cheney, N.P. 1966. The characterization of fires in relation to ecological studies. Australian Forest Research 2(3): 36-45.
    • (1966) Australian Forest Research , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 36-45
    • McArthur, A.G.1    Cheney, N.P.2
  • 129
    • 0016622352 scopus 로고
    • Erosion effects of wildfire and logging in Idaho
    • Watershed Management Symposium; 1975 August; Logan, UT. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers Irrigation and Drainage Division
    • Megahan, W.F.; Molitor, D.C. 1975. Erosion effects of wildfire and logging in Idaho. In:Watershed Management Symposium; 1975 August; Logan, UT. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers Irrigation and Drainage Division: 423-444.
    • (1975) , pp. 423-444
    • Megahan, W.F.1    Molitor, D.C.2
  • 130
    • 0026464670 scopus 로고
    • Response of alluvial systems to fire and climate change in Yellowstone National Park
    • Meyer, G.A.; Wells, S.G. 1992. Response of alluvial systems to fire and climate change in Yellowstone National Park. Nature 357:147-149.
    • (1992) , vol.357 , pp. 147-149
    • Meyer, G.A.1    Wells, S.G.2
  • 131
    • 58849125704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative evidence for increasing forest fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Southern Cascade Mountains, California and Nevada, USA
    • Miller, J.D.; Safford, H.D.; Crimmins, M.; Thode, A.E. 2009. Quantitative evidence for increasing forest fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Southern Cascade Mountains, California and Nevada, USA. Ecosystems 12: 16-3
    • (2009) Ecosystems , vol.12 , pp. 16-32
    • Miller, J.D.1    Safford, H.D.2    Crimmins, M.3    Thode, A.E.4
  • 132
    • 84956793294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapter 2: Fire autecology. Pp 9-34. In: Brown, J.K.; Smith, J.K. 2000 (eds.). Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Flora. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42 Volume 2. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Stationrfseq 133
    • Miller, M. 2000. Chapter 2: Fire autecology. Pp 9-34. In: Brown, J.K.; Smith, J.K. 2000 (eds.). Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Flora. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42 Volume 2. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 257 p.
    • (2000) , pp. 257
    • Miller, M.1
  • 134
    • 0000962789 scopus 로고
    • Wildfires and Yellowstone's stream ecosystems
    • Minshall, G.W.; Brock, J.T.; Varley, J.D. 1989. Wildfires and Yellowstone's stream ecosystems. Bioscience 39(10): 707-715.
    • (1989) Bioscience , vol.39 , Issue.10 , pp. 707-715
    • Minshall, G.W.1    Brock, J.T.2    Varley, J.D.3
  • 135
    • 0035610721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water quality, substratum and biotic responses of five central Idaho (USA) streams during the first year following the mortar creek fire
    • Minshall, G.W.; Brock, J.T.; Andrews, D.A.; Robinson, C.T. 2001a. Water quality, substratum and biotic responses of five central Idaho (USA) streams during the first year following the mortar creek fire. International Journal of Wildland Fire 10(2):185-199.
    • (2001) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 185-199
    • Minshall, G.W.1    Brock, J.T.2    Andrews, D.A.3    Robinson, C.T.4
  • 136
    • 0035639218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in five central Idaho (USA) streams over a 10-year period following disturbance by wildfire
    • Minshall, G.W.; Robinson, C.T.; Lawrence, D.E.; Andrews, D.A.; Brock, J.T. 2001b. Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in five central Idaho (USA) streams over a 10-year period following disturbance by wildfire. International Journal of Wildland Fire 10(2): 201-213. Molony, B. (2001).
    • (2001) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 201-213
    • Minshall, G.W.1    Robinson, C.T.2    Lawrence, D.E.3    Andrews, D.A.4    Brock, J.T.5
  • 137
    • 7044261996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Envionmental requirements and tolerances of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Brown trout (Salmo trutta) with special reference to Western Australia: A review.
    • Department of Fisheries of Western Australia: Fisheries Research
    • Molony, B. (2001). Envionmental requirements and tolerances of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Brown trout (Salmo trutta) with special reference to Western Australia: A review. Department of Fisheries of Western Australia: Fisheries Research Report Number 130: 28 pp.
    • (2001) , pp. 28
    • Molony, B.1
  • 138
    • 0035975975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-fire, rainfall intensity-peak discharge relations for three mountainous watersheds in the western USA
    • Moody, J.A.; Martin, D.A., 2001, Post-fire, rainfall intensity-peak discharge relations for three mountainous watersheds in the western USA. Hydrological Processes 15: 2981- 2993.
    • (2001) Hydrological Processes , vol.15 , pp. 2981-2993
    • Moody, J.A.1    Martin, D.A.2
  • 139
    • 0024248612 scopus 로고
    • Shrub response to high and low severity burns following cleacutting in northern Idaho
    • Morgan, P.; Neuenschwander, L.F. 1988. Shrub response to high and low severity burns following cleacutting in northern Idaho. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 3: 5-9.
    • (1988) Western Journal of Applied Forestry , vol.3 , pp. 5-9
    • Morgan, P.1    Neuenschwander, L.F.2
  • 140
    • 84956772052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil Erosion and Conservation, 3rd edition. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford
    • Morgan, R.P.C. 2005. Soil Erosion and Conservation, 3rd edition. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 304 pp.
    • (2005) , pp. 304
    • Morgan, R.P.C.1
  • 142
    • 0003968939 scopus 로고
    • Fire history and pattern in a Cascade Range landscape
    • General Technical Report PNW-254. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station
    • Morrison, P.H.; Swanson, F.J. 1990. Fire history and pattern in a Cascade Range landscape. General Technical Report PNW-254. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 77 p.
    • (1990) , pp. 77
    • Morrison, P.H.1    Swanson, F.J.2
  • 143
    • 79955968271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the effects of wildfire on stream processes in a colorado front range watershed, USA
    • Murphy, S.F.; Writer, J.H. 2011. Evaluating the effects of wildfire on stream processes in a colorado front range watershed, USA. Applied Geochemistry Supplement 26: S363-S364
    • (2011) Applied Geochemistry Supplement , vol.26 , pp. S363-S364
    • Murphy, S.F.1    Writer, J.H.2
  • 144
    • 0034316008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance regimes of stream and riparian systems - a disturbance-cascade perspective
    • Nakamura, F.; Swanson, F.J.; Wondzell, S.M. 2000. Disturbance regimes of stream and riparian systems - a disturbance-cascade perspective. Hydrological Processes 14: 2849-2860.
    • (2000) Hydrological Processes , vol.14 , pp. 2849-2860
    • Nakamura, F.1    Swanson, F.J.2    Wondzell, S.M.3
  • 146
    • 84956836666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report on the Mill Fire, San Bernadino National Forest. Special Report to Julie Zatz, Assistant U.S. Attorney, Civil Division, U.S. Attorney's Office, Department of Justice, Los Angeles, CA
    • Neary, D.G. 1997. Report on the Mill Fire, San Bernadino National Forest. Special Report to Julie Zatz, Assistant U.S. Attorney, Civil Division, U.S. Attorney's Office, Department of Justice, Los Angeles, CA. 49 p.
    • (1997) , pp. 49
    • Neary, D.G.1
  • 147
    • 84876712999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of wildfire severity on hydraulic conductivity in fores, woodland, and grassland soils.
    • In: Elango, L. (ed.) Hydraulic Conductivity - Issues, Determination, and Applications. INTECH, Rijeka, Croatia. 424 p.
    • Neary, D.G. 2011. Impacts of wildfire severity on hydraulic conductivity in fores, woodland, and grassland soils. Pp. 123-142. In: Elango, L. (ed.) Hydraulic Conductivity - Issues, Determination, and Applications. INTECH, Rijeka, Croatia. 424 p.
    • (2011) , pp. 123-142
    • Neary, D.G.1
  • 148
    • 79251497551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fires and floods: post-fire watershed responses
    • Viegas, D.X. (ed.). Forest Fire Research and Wildland Fire Safety. Proceedings of the 4th international Forest Fire Research Conference; 2002 November 18-22; Luso, Portugal. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Mill Press
    • Neary, D.G.; Gottfried, G.J. 2002. Fires and floods: post-fire watershed responses. In: Viegas D.X. (ed.). Forest Fire Research and Wildland Fire Safety. Proceedings of the 4th international Forest Fire Research Conference; 2002 November 18-22; Luso, Portugal. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Mill Press: 203-208.
    • (2002) , pp. 203-208
    • Neary, D.G.1    Gottfried, G.J.2
  • 149
    • 0002050122 scopus 로고
    • Chapter 4: Impacts of harvesting practices on off-site environmental quality. In: Dyck, W.J.; Cole, D.W.; Comerford, N.B., (eds.). Impacts of Harvesting on Long-term Site Productivity. London: Chapman and Hall
    • Neary, D.G.; Hornbeck, J.W. 1994. Chapter 4: Impacts of harvesting practices on off-site environmental quality. In: Dyck, W.J.; Cole, D.W.; Comerford, N.B., (eds.). Impacts of Harvesting on Long-term Site Productivity. London: Chapman and Hall: 81-118.
    • (1994) , pp. 81-118
    • Neary, D.G.1    Hornbeck, J.W.2
  • 150
    • 84956728583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Soil and Water. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42 Volume 4. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
    • Neary, D.G.; Ryan, K.C.; DeBano, L.F. (eds.) 2005a. Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Soil and Water. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42 Volume 4. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 250 p.
    • (2005) , pp. 250
    • Neary, D.G.1    Ryan, K.C.2    DeBano, L.F.3
  • 151
    • 84956795816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapter 5: Fire and streamflow regimes. In: Neary, D.G.; Ryan, K.C.; DeBano, L.F. (eds.) 2005a. Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Soil and Water. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR- 42 Volume 4. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 250 p.
    • Neary, D.G.; Ffolliott, P.F.; Landsberg, J.D. 2005b. Chapter 5: Fire and streamflow regimes. Pp. 107-118. In: Neary, D.G.; Ryan, K.C.; DeBano, L.F. (eds.) 2005a. Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Soil and Water. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42 Volume 4. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 250 p.
    • (2005) , pp. 107-118
    • Neary, D.G.1    Ffolliott, P.F.2    Landsberg, J.D.3
  • 153
    • 84868366419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-fire rill and gully formation, Schultz Fire 2010, Arizona, USA
    • Neary, D.G.; Koestner, K.A.; Youberg, A.; Koestner, P.E. 2012. Post-fire rill and gully formation, Schultz Fire 2010, Arizona, USA. Geoderma 191: 97-104.
    • (2012) Geoderma , vol.191 , pp. 97-104
    • Neary, D.G.1    Koestner, K.A.2    Youberg, A.3    Koestner, P.E.4
  • 154
    • 84859966291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water quality. Neary, D.G.; Ryan, K.C.; DeBano, L.F. (eds.) 2005a. Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Soil and Water. General Technical Report RMRS- GTR-42 Volume 4. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 250 p.
    • Neary, D.G.; Landsberg, J.D.; Tiedemann, A.R.; Ffolliott, P.F. 2005c. Chapter 6: Water quality. Pp. 119-134. In: Neary, D.G.; Ryan, K.C.; DeBano, L.F. (eds.) 2005a. Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Soil and Water. General Technical Report RMRS- GTR-42 Volume 4. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 250 p.
    • (2005) , pp. 119-134
    • Neary, D.G.1    Landsberg, J.D.2    Tiedemann, A.R.3    Ffolliott, P.F.4
  • 156
    • 74449084160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of wildfire, habitat size, and connectivity on trout in headwater streams revealed by patterns of genetic diversity
    • Transactions of the American fisheries society NIFC. 2013.
    • Neville, H.; Dunham, J.; Rosenberger, A.; Umek, J.; Nelson, B. 2009. Influences of wildfire, habitat size, and connectivity on trout in headwater streams revealed by patterns of genetic diversity. Transactions of the American fisheries society 138: 1314-1327.NIFC. 2013. https://www.nifc.gov/safety/safety_documents/Fatalities-by-Year.pdf http://www.nifc.gov/safety/safety_documents/Fatalities-by-Year.pdf
    • (2009) , vol.138 , pp. 1314-1327
    • Neville, H.1    Dunham, J.2    Rosenberger, A.3    Umek, J.4    Nelson, B.5
  • 157
    • 0011848072 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire retardant on water quality. In: Berg, N.H
    • Proceedings of a symposium on fire and watershed management; 1988 October 26-28. General Technical Report PSW-109, Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range ExperimentStation:
    • Norris, L.A.; Webb, W.L. 1989. Effects of fire retardant on water quality. In: Berg, N.H. (tech. coord.). Proceedings of a symposium on fire and watershed management; 1988 October 26-28. General Technical Report PSW-109, Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range ExperimentStation: 79- 86.
    • (1989) , pp. 79- 86
    • Norris, L.A.1    Webb, W.L.2
  • 158
    • 0344087688 scopus 로고
    • The radiation temperatures of forest fires
    • Packham, D.; Pompe, A. 1971. The radiation temperatures of forest fires. Australian Forest Research 5(3): 1-8.
    • (1971) Australian Forest Research , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 1-8
    • Packham, D.1    Pompe, A.2
  • 159
    • 84956827135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of needle cast from burnt conifer trees on reducing erosion
    • ASAE Paper 00-5018. Milwaukee, WI: American Society of Agricultural Engineers Annual Meeting
    • Pannkuk, C.D.; Robichaud, P.R.; Brown, R.S. 2000. Effectiveness of needle cast from burnt conifer trees on reducing erosion. ASAE Paper 00-5018. Milwaukee, WI: American Society of Agricultural Engineers Annual Meeting. 15 p.
    • (2000) , pp. 15
    • Pannkuk, C.D.1    Robichaud, P.R.2    Brown, R.S.3
  • 160
    • 0006032877 scopus 로고
    • Rates of forest floor decomposition and nutrient turnover in aspen, pine, and spruce stands on two soils
    • General Technical Report GTR-NC-227. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station
    • Perala, D.A.; Alban, D.H. 1982. Rates of forest floor decomposition and nutrient turnover in aspen, pine, and spruce stands on two soils. General Technical Report GTR-NC-227. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 5p.
    • (1982) , pp. 5
    • Perala, D.A.1    Alban, D.H.2
  • 161
    • 0028161959 scopus 로고
    • Scalping and burning of Kalmia Angustifolia (Ericaceae) litter: Effects on Picea mariana establishment and ion leaching in a greenhouse experiment
    • Prevost, M. 1994. Scalping and burning of Kalmia Angustifolia (Ericaceae) litter: Effects on Picea mariana establishment and ion leaching in a greenhouse experiment. Forest Ecology and Management 63: 199-218.
    • (1994) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.63 , pp. 199-218
    • Prevost, M.1
  • 162
    • 84956786890 scopus 로고
    • Fire in America: a Cultural History of Wildland and Rural Fire. Seattle: University of Washington Press
    • Pyne, S.J. 1982. Fire in America: a Cultural History of Wildland and Rural Fire. Seattle: University of Washington Press. 654 p.
    • (1982) , pp. 654
    • Pyne, S.J.1
  • 163
    • 84956779526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire: Nature and Culture. University of Chicago Press
    • Pyne, S.J. 2012. Fire: Nature and Culture. University of Chicago Press. 207 p.
    • (2012) , pp. 207
    • Pyne, S.J.1
  • 164
    • 84956722039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to Wildland Fire. John Wiley & Sons, New York
    • Pyne, S.J.; Andrews, P. L.; Laven, R. D. 1996. Introduction to Wildland Fire. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 769 p.
    • (1996) , pp. 769
    • Pyne, S.J.1    Andrews, P.L.2    Laven, R.D.3
  • 165
    • 84956717512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social impact of large-scale forest fires
    • González-Cabán, A. (tech. coord.) Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Fire Economics, Planning, and Policy: A Global View, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, California General Technical Report PSW-GTR-208
    • Rábade, J.M.; Aragoneses, C. 2008. Social impact of large-scale forest fires. Pp. 23-34. In: González-Cabán, A. (tech. coord.) Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Fire Economics, Planning, and Policy: A Global View, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, California General Technical Report PSW-GTR-208, 715 p.
    • (2008)
    • Rábade, J.M.1    Aragoneses, C.2
  • 166
    • 0022227662 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of element transfer to the atmosphere during vegetation fires
    • Raison, R.J.; Khanna, P.K.; Woods, P.V. 1985a. Mechanisms of element transfer to the atmosphere during vegetation fires. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15: 132-140.
    • (1985) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.15 , pp. 132-140
    • Raison, R.J.1    Khanna, P.K.2    Woods, P.V.3
  • 167
    • 0022167863 scopus 로고
    • Transfer of elements to the atmosphere during low-intensity prescribed fires in three Australian sub-alpine eucalypt forests
    • Raison, R.J.; Khanna, P.K.; Woods, P.V. 1985b. Transfer of elements to the atmosphere during low-intensity prescribed fires in three Australian sub-alpine eucalypt forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15: 657-664.
    • (1985) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.15 , pp. 657-664
    • Raison, R.J.1    Khanna, P.K.2    Woods, P.V.3
  • 168
    • 0025638592 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire on the nutrient supplying capacity of forest soils
    • In: Dyck, W.J.; Meeg, C.A. (eds.). Impact of Intensive Harvesting on Forest Site Productivity. Bulletin No. 159. Rotorua, New Zealand: Forest Research Institute
    • Raison, R.J.; Keith, H.; Khanna, P.K. 1990. Effects of fire on the nutrient supplying capacity of forest soils. In: Dyck, W.J.; Meeg, C.A. (eds.). Impact of Intensive Harvesting on Forest Site Productivity. Bulletin No. 159. Rotorua, New Zealand: Forest Research Institute: 39-54.
    • (1990) , pp. 39-54
    • Raison, R.J.1    Keith, H.2    Khanna, P.K.3
  • 169
    • 0003500691 scopus 로고
    • Research and cumulative watershed effects
    • General Technical Report PSW- GTR-141. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
    • Reid, L.M. 1993.Research and cumulative watershed effects. General Technical Report PSW- GTR-141. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. 118 p.
    • (1993) , pp. 118
    • Reid, L.M.1
  • 170
    • 79955943786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of wildfire extent and severity on streamwater chemistry, sediment and temperature following the Hayman fire, Colorado
    • Rhoades, C.C.; Entwistle, D.; Butler, D. 2011. The influence of wildfire extent and severity on streamwater chemistry, sediment and temperature following the Hayman fire, Colorado. International Journal of Wildland Fire 20(3): 430-442.
    • (2011) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 430-442
    • Rhoades, C.C.1    Entwistle, D.2    Butler, D.3
  • 171
    • 0001856939 scopus 로고
    • The hydrology if chaparral watersheds. In: Rosenthal, M. (ed.). Proceedings of Symposium on Living with the Chaparral. Riverside, CA: University of California
    • Rice, R.M. 1974. The hydrology if chaparral watersheds. In: Rosenthal, M. (ed.). Proceedings of Symposium on Living with the Chaparral. Riverside, CA: University of California: 27-34.
    • (1974) , pp. 27-34
    • Rice, R.M.1
  • 172
    • 0027041815 scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal trends in stream macroinvertebrate communities: The influence of catchment disturbance
    • Richards, C.; Minshall, G.W. 1992. Spatial and temporal trends in stream macroinvertebrate communities: The influence of catchment disturbance. Hydrobiologia 241(3):173-194.
    • (1992) Hydrobiologia , vol.241 , Issue.3 , pp. 173-194
    • Richards, C.1    Minshall, G.W.2
  • 174
    • 0031280547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildfire and native fish: Issues of forest health and conservation of sensitive species
    • Rieman, B.; Clayton, J. 1997. Wildfire and native fish: Issues of forest health and conservation of sensitive species. Fisheries 22(11): 6-15.
    • (1997) Fisheries , vol.22 , Issue.11 , pp. 6-15
    • Rieman, B.1    Clayton, J.2
  • 175
    • 0029820211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management Briefs: Short-Term Effects of Wildfire on Fishes and Aquatic Macroinvertebrates in the Southwestern United States
    • Rinne, J.N. 1996. Management Briefs: Short-Term Effects of Wildfire on Fishes and Aquatic Macroinvertebrates in the Southwestern United States. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 16(3): 653-658.
    • (1996) North American Journal of Fisheries Management , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 653-658
    • Rinne, J.N.1
  • 176
    • 0011821645 scopus 로고
    • Soil temperatures under a pile of burning logs
    • Roberts, W.B. 1965. Soil temperatures under a pile of burning logs. Australian Forest Research 1: 21-25.
    • (1965) Australian Forest Research , vol.1 , pp. 21-25
    • Roberts, W.B.1
  • 177
    • 84956716718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildfire and erosion: when to expect the unexpected
    • Symposium on the Geomorphic Impacts of Wildfire. Paper 143-10. Boulder, CO: Geolological Society of America
    • Robichaud, P.R. 2002. Wildfire and erosion: when to expect the unexpected. Symposium on the Geomorphic Impacts of Wildfire. Paper 143-10. Boulder, CO: Geolological Society of America. 1 p.
    • (2002) , pp. 1
    • Robichaud, P.R.1
  • 178
    • 0000709641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What happened after the smoke cleared: onsite erosion rates after a wildfire in eastern Oregon
    • Olsen, D.S.; Potyondy, J.P. (eds.). Proceedings, Wildland Hydrology Conference; 1999 June Bozeman, MT. Hernon, VA: American Water Resource Association:
    • Robichaud, P.R.; Brown, R.E. 1999. What happened after the smoke cleared: onsite erosion rates after a wildfire in eastern Oregon. In: Olsen, D.S.; Potyondy, J.P. (eds.). Proceedings, Wildland Hydrology Conference; 1999 June Bozeman, MT. Hernon, VA: American Water Resource Association: 419-426.
    • (1999) , pp. 419-426
    • Robichaud, P.R.1    Brown, R.E.2
  • 179
    • 0003969987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the effectiveness of postfire rehabilitation treatments
    • General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-63. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
    • Robichaud, P.R.; Beyers, J.L.; Neary. D.G. 2000. Evaluating the effectiveness of postfire rehabilitation treatments. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-63. Fort Collins, CO:U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 85 p.
    • (2000) , pp. 85
    • Robichaud, P.R.1    Beyers, J.L.2    Neary, D.G.3
  • 181
    • 0012294908 scopus 로고
    • Measuring and interpreting fire behavior for correlation with fire effects. General Technical Report INT-93. Ogden, UT: U.S
    • Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Rothermel, R.C.; Deeming, J.E. 1980. Measuring and interpreting fire behavior for correlation with fire effects. General Technical Report INT-93. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 4 p.
    • (1980) , pp. 4
    • Rothermel, R.C.1    Deeming, J.E.2
  • 182
    • 0002394362 scopus 로고
    • Concepts of fire effects on plant individuals and species
    • Wein, R.W.; MacLean, D.A. (eds.). The Role of Fire in Northern Circumpolar Ecosystems. Scope 18. New York: John Wiley & Sons
    • Rowe, J.S. 1983. Concepts of fire effects on plant individuals and species. In: Wein, R.W.; MacLean, D.A. (eds.). The Role of Fire in Northern Circumpolar Ecosystems. Scope 18. New York: John Wiley & Sons: 135-154.
    • (1983) , pp. 135-154
    • Rowe, J.S.1
  • 183
    • 84900009968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate-moderated responses to wildfire by macroinvertebrates and basal food resources in montane wilderness streams
    • article 25
    • Rugenski, A.T.; Minshall, G.W. 2014. Climate-moderated responses to wildfire by macroinvertebrates and basal food resources in montane wilderness streams. Ecosphere 5(3): article 25, 1-24.
    • (2014) Ecosphere , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 1-24
    • Rugenski, A.T.1    Minshall, G.W.2
  • 184
    • 0038080136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape scale vegetation-type conversion and fire hazard in the San Francisco bay area open spaces
    • Russell, W.H.; McBride, J.R. 2003. Landscape scale vegetation-type conversion and fire hazard in the San Francisco bay area open spaces. Landscape and Urban Planning 64: 201-208.
    • (2003) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.64 , pp. 201-208
    • Russell, W.H.1    McBride, J.R.2
  • 185
    • 0032879655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescribed fire effects on herpetofauna: Review and management implications
    • Russell, K.R.; Van Lear, D.H.; Guynn, D.C. Jr. 1999. Prescribed fire effects on herpetofauna: Review and management implications. Wildlife Society Bulletin 27: 374-384.
    • (1999) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.27 , pp. 374-384
    • Russell, K.R.1    Van Lear, D.H.2    Guynn, Jr.D.C.3
  • 186
    • 0036094496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic interactions between forest structure and fire behavior in boreal ecosystems
    • Ryan, K.C. 2002. Dynamic interactions between forest structure and fire behavior in boreal ecosystems. Silva Fennica (36(1): 13-39.
    • (2002) Silva Fennica , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-39
    • Ryan, K.C.1
  • 187
    • 0003035399 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating prescribed fires. In: Lotan, J.E.; Kilgore, B.M.; Fischer, W.C.; Mutch, R.W. (eds.). Proceedings-symposium and workshop on wilderness fire. General Technical Report INT-182. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Ryan, K.C.; Noste, N.V. 1985. Evaluating prescribed fires. In: Lotan, J.E.; Kilgore, B.M.; Fischer, W.C.; Mutch, R.W. (eds.). Proceedings-symposium and workshop on wilderness fire. General Technical Report INT-182. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 230- 238.
    • (1985) , pp. 230- 238
    • Ryan, K.C.1    Noste, N.V.2
  • 188
    • 79953775320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of wildfire on runoff and sediment loads at little granite creek, western Wyoming
    • Ryan, S.E.; Dwire, K.A.; Dixon, M.K. (2011). Impacts of wildfire on runoff and sediment loads at little granite creek, western Wyoming. Geomorphology 129(1-2):113-130.
    • (2011) Geomorphology , vol.129 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 113-130
    • Ryan, S.E.1    Dwire, K.A.2    Dixon, M.K.3
  • 189
    • 84883214065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on cultural resources and archeology
    • General Technical Report RMRS- GTR-42 Volume 3. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
    • Ryan, K.C.; Jones, A.T.; Koerner, C.L.; Lee, K.M. (eds.) 2012. Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on cultural resources and archeology. General Technical Report RMRS- GTR-42 Volume 3. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 224 p.
    • (2012) , vol.3 , pp. 224
    • Ryan, K.C.1    Jones, A.T.2    Koerner, C.L.3    Lee, K.M.4
  • 190
    • 0007628082 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire on air: a State- of-knowledge review
    • General Technical Report WO-9. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service
    • Sandberg, D.V.; Pierovich, J.M.; Fox, D.G.; Ross, E.W. 1979. Effects of fire on air: a State- of-knowledge review. General Technical Report WO-9. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 40 p.
    • (1979) , pp. 40
    • Sandberg, D.V.1    Pierovich, J.M.2    Fox, D.G.3    Ross, E.W.4
  • 191
    • 2442482905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National streategic plan: Modeling and data systems for wildland fire and air quality
    • U.S. department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station
    • Sandberg, D.V.; Hardy, C.C.; Ottmar, R.D.; Snell, J.A.; Kendall, J.A.; Acheson, A.; Peterson, J.L.; Seamon, P.; Lahm, P.; Wasde, D. 1999. National streategic plan: Modeling and data systems for wildland fire and air quality. U.S. department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 60 p.
    • (1999) , pp. 60
    • Sandberg, D.V.1    Hardy, C.C.2    Ottmar, R.D.3    Snell, J.A.4    Kendall, J.A.5    Acheson, A.6    Peterson, J.L.7    Seamon, P.8    Lahm, P.9    Wasde, D.10
  • 192
    • 84956833683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Air. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42 Volume 5. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
    • Sandberg, D.V.; Ottmar, R.D.; Peterson, J.L. (eds.). 2002. Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Air. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42 Volume 5. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 79 p
    • (2002) , pp. 79
    • Sandberg, D.V.1    Ottmar, R.D.2    Peterson, J.L.3
  • 193
    • 0002333541 scopus 로고
    • Physical changes to sandy soils planted to radiate pine
    • Ballard, R; Gessel, S.P. (eds.). IUFRO Symposium on Forest Site and Continuous Productivity. General Technical Report PNW-163. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • Sands, R. 1983. Physical changes to sandy soils planted to radiate pine. In: Ballard, R; Gessel S.P. (eds.). IUFRO Symposium on Forest Site and Continuous Productivity. General Technical Report PNW-163. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station: 146-152.
    • (1983) , pp. 146-152
    • Sands, R.1
  • 194
    • 22744459213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How resilient are southwestern ponderosa pine forests after crown fires?
    • Savage M.; Mast J.N. 2005. How resilient are southwestern ponderosa pine forests after crown fires? Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 967-977
    • Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.35 , pp. 967-977
    • Savage, M.1    Mast, J.N.2005.2
  • 195
    • 34247379508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of coarse-scale spatial data for wildland fire and fuel management. General Technical Report RMRS-87. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
    • Schmidt, K.M.; Menakis, J.P.; Hardy, C.C.; Hann, W.J.; Bunnell, D.L. 2002. Development of coarse-scale spatial data for wildland fire and fuel management. General Technical Report RMRS-87. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 41 p.
    • (2002) , pp. 41
    • Schmidt, K.M.1    Menakis, J.P.2    Hardy, C.C.3    Hann, W.J.4    Bunnell, D.L.5
  • 198
    • 0027790016 scopus 로고
    • The hydrological effects of fire in South African mountain catchments
    • Scott, D. F. 1993.The hydrological effects of fire in South African mountain catchments. Journal of Hydrology 150: 409-432
    • (1993) Journal of Hydrology , vol.150 , pp. 409-432
    • Scott, D.F.1
  • 199
    • 84886317155 scopus 로고
    • Fire severity, changing scales, and how things hang together
    • Simard, A.J. 1991. Fire severity, changing scales, and how things hang together. International Journal of Wildland Fire 1: 33-34.
    • (1991) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.1 , pp. 23-34
    • Simard, A.J.1
  • 200
    • 84956779270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Fauna. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42 Volume 1. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
    • Smith, J.K. (ed.) 2000. Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Fauna. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42 Volume 1. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 83 p.
    • (2000) , pp. 83
    • Smith, J.K.1
  • 201
    • 0003966141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire ecology of the forest habitat types of northern Idaho
    • General Technical Report INT-363. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station
    • Smith, J.K.; Fischer, W.C. 1997. Fire ecology of the forest habitat types of northern Idaho. General Technical Report INT-363. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 142 p.
    • (1997) , pp. 142
    • Smith, J.K.1    Fischer, W.C.2
  • 202
    • 84956776420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapter 1: Fire and nonnative invasive plants - Introduction. In: Zoouhar, K.; Smith, J.K.; Sutherland, S.; Brooks, M.L. (eds.) Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Fire and Nonnative Invasive Plants. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42 Volume 6. Ogden, UT. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 355 p.
    • Smith, J.K.; Zouhar, K.; Sutherland, S.; Brooks, M.L. 2008. Chapter 1: Fire and nonnative invasive plants - Introduction. Pp. 1-31. In: Zoouhar, K.; Smith, J.K.; Sutherland, S.; Brooks, M.L. (eds.) Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Fire and Nonnative Invasive Plants. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42 Volume 6. Ogden, UT. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 355 p.
    • (2008) , pp. 1-31
    • Smith, J.K.1    Zouhar, K.2    Sutherland, S.3    Brooks, M.L.4
  • 205
    • 0002303315 scopus 로고
    • The role of fire as a mineralizing agent in the Sierran coniferous forest
    • St. John, T.V.; Rundel, P.W. 1976. The role of fire as a mineralizing agent in the Sierran coniferous forest. Oecologia 25: 35-45.
    • (1976) Oecologia , vol.25 , pp. 35-45
    • St John, T.V.1    Rundel, P.W.2
  • 206
    • 84956831786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statista. 2014. http://www.statista.com/statistics/267801/death-toll-due-to-wildfires/ http://www.statista.com/statistics/267801/death-toll-due-to-wildfires/
  • 207
    • 80055063218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of spring prescribed burning and wildfires on watershed nitrogen dynamics of central Idaho headwater areas
    • Stephan, K.; Kavanagh, K.L.; Koyama, A. 2012. Effects of spring prescribed burning and wildfires on watershed nitrogen dynamics of central Idaho headwater areas. Forest Ecology and Management 263(0): 240-252.
    • (2012) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.263 , pp. 240-252
    • Stephan, K.1    Kavanagh, K.L.2    Koyama, A.3
  • 209
    • 0019668971 scopus 로고
    • Fire and geomorphic processes
    • Mooney, H.A.; Bonnicksen, T.M.; Christensen, N.L.; Lotan, J.E.; Reiners, W.A., (tech.coords.). Fire regimes and ecosystem properties; proceedings; 1979 December 11-5; Honolulu, HI. General Technical Report WO-26.Washington, DC: U.S.Department of Agriculture, Forest Service
    • Swanson, F.J. 1981. Fire and geomorphic processes. In: Mooney, H.A.; Bonnicksen, T.M.; Christensen, N.L.; Lotan, J.E.; Reiners, W.A., (tech.coords.). Fire regimes and ecosystem properties; proceedings; 1979 December 11-5; Honolulu, HI. General Technical Report WO-26.Washington, DC: U.S.Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 410-420.
    • (1981) , pp. 410-420
    • Swanson, F.J.1
  • 210
    • 84956823669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive Exotic Species in the Sonoran Desert Region. University of Arizona Press.
    • Tellman, B. (ed.) 2002. Invasive Exotic Species in the Sonoran Desert Region. University of Arizona Press. 424 p.
    • (2002) , pp. 424
    • Tellman, B.1
  • 211
    • 0027830020 scopus 로고
    • Soil hydrophobicity effects on rain splash: simulated rainfall and photographic evidence
    • Terry, J.P.; Shakesby, R.A. 1993. Soil hydrophobicity effects on rain splash: simulated rainfall and photographic evidence. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 18: 519- 525.
    • (1993) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , vol.18 , pp. 519- 525
    • Terry, J.P.1    Shakesby, R.A.2
  • 212
    • 0036222726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominance of autochthonous autotrophic carbon in food webs of heterotrophic rivers
    • Thorp, J.H.; Delong, M.D. (2002). Dominance of autochthonous autotrophic carbon in food webs of heterotrophic rivers. Oikos 96(3): 543-550.
    • (2002) Oikos , vol.96 , Issue.3 , pp. 543-550
    • Thorp, J.H.1    Delong, M.D.2
  • 213
    • 0008801002 scopus 로고
    • Development of vegetation after fire, reseeding, and fertilization on the Entiat Experimental Forest
    • Proceedings, Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, Pacific Northwest; 1974 October 16-17; Portland, OR. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station
    • Tiedemann, A.R.; Klock, G.O. 1976. Development of vegetation after fire, reseeding, and fertilization on the Entiat Experimental Forest. In: Proceedings, Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, Pacific Northwest; 1974 October 16-17; Portland, OR. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station. 15: 171-192
    • (1976) , vol.15 , pp. 171-192
    • Tiedemann, A.R.1    Klock, G.O.2
  • 214
    • 0018085193 scopus 로고
    • Stream chemistry and watershed nutrient economy following wildfire and fertilization in eastern Washington
    • Tiedemann, A.R.; Helvey, J.D.; Anderson, T.D. 1978. Stream chemistry and watershed nutrient economy following wildfire and fertilization in eastern Washington. Journal of Environmental Quality 7: 580-588.
    • (1978) Journal of Environmental Quality , vol.7 , pp. 580-588
    • Tiedemann, A.R.1    Helvey, J.D.2    Anderson, T.D.3
  • 215
    • 0003883815 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire on water: a state-of-knowledge review
    • National fire effects workshop. General Technical Report WO-10. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service
    • Tiedemann, A.R.; Conrad, C.E.; Dieterich, J.H.; Hornbeck, J.W.; Megahan, W.F.; Viereck, L.A.; Wade, D.D. 1979. Effects of fire on water: a state-of-knowledge review. National fire effects workshop. General Technical Report WO-10. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 28 p.
    • (1979) , pp. 28
    • Tiedemann, A.R.1    Conrad, C.E.2    Dieterich, J.H.3    Hornbeck, J.W.4    Megahan, W.F.5    Viereck, L.A.6    Wade, D.D.7
  • 216
    • 0022265907 scopus 로고
    • The effect of timber harvest on the Fool Creek watershed: 30 years later
    • Troendle, C.A.; King, R.M. 1985. The effect of timber harvest on the Fool Creek watershed: 30 years later. Water Resources Research 21: 1915-1922.
    • (1985) Water Resources Research , vol.21 , pp. 1915-1922
    • Troendle, C.A.1    King, R.M.2
  • 217
    • 84956819318 scopus 로고
    • Influence of patch size and shape on post-fire succession on the Yellowstone Plateau
    • Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
    • Turner, M.G.; Romme, W.H.; Gardner, R.H.; Hargrove, W.W. 1994. Influence of patch size and shape on post-fire succession on the Yellowstone Plateau. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. 75(Part 2): 255.
    • (1994) , vol.75 , Issue.2 , pp. 255
    • Turner, M.G.1    Romme, W.H.2    Gardner, R.H.3    Hargrove, W.W.4
  • 218
    • 84956795427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildland fire issues group
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2000. Wildland fire issues group. http://www.epa.gov/ttncaaa1/faca/fa08.html. http://www.epa.gov/ttncaaa1/faca/fa08.html
    • (2000)
  • 219
    • 84956765799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NWIS webdata for the nation
    • Water data, surface water, water quality. U.S. Reston, VA: U.S. Deparment of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.
    • U.S. Geological Survey. 2002. NWIS webdata for the nation. Water data, surface water, water quality. http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/qwdata U.S. Reston, VA: U.S. Deparment of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.
    • (2002)
  • 222
    • 0003820980 scopus 로고
    • Slope movement types and processes
    • Schuster, R.L.; Krizek, R.J. (eds.). Landslides analysis and control. Special Report 176. Washington, DC: National Academy of Science
    • Varnes, D.J. 1978. Slope movement types and processes. In: Schuster, R.L.; Krizek, R.J. (eds.). Landslides analysis and control. Special Report 176. Washington, DC: National Academy of Science: 11-33.
    • (1978) , pp. 11-33
    • Varnes, D.J.1
  • 223
    • 0022181574 scopus 로고
    • Fire intensities and surface temperatures during prescribed burning
    • Vasander, H.; Lindholm, T. 1985. Fire intensities and surface temperatures during prescribed burning. Silva Fennica 19(1): 1-15.
    • (1985) Silva Fennica , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-15
    • Vasander, H.1    Lindholm, T.2
  • 224
    • 84956747154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Budget impact of rising firefighting costs
    • USDA News Release 0184-14 Vose, J.M.; Swank, W.T.; Clinton, B.D.; Knoepp, J.D.; Swift, L.W. 1999. Using stand replacement fires to restore southern Appalachian pine-hardwood ecosystems: effects on mass, carbon, and nutrient pools
    • Vilsack, T. 2014. Budget impact of rising firefighting costs. USDA News Release 0184-14 Vose, J.M.; Swank, W.T.; Clinton, B.D.; Knoepp, J.D.; Swift, L.W. 1999. Using stand replacement fires to restore southern Appalachian pine-hardwood ecosystems: effects on mass, carbon, and nutrient pools. Forest Ecology and Management 114: 215-226.
    • (2014) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.114 , pp. 215-226
    • Vilsack, T.1
  • 225
    • 0019384606 scopus 로고
    • Some effects of brushfires on erosion processes in coastal southern California
    • Davies, T.R.R. (ed.) Proceedings, Erosion and Sediment Transport in Pacific Rim Steeplands; 1981 January 25-31; Christchurch, New Zealand. Publ. No.132. Washington, DC: International Association of Scientific Hydrology
    • Wells, W.G., II. 1981. Some effects of brushfires on erosion processes in coastal southern California. In: Davies, T.R.R. (ed.) Proceedings, Erosion and Sediment Transport in Pacific Rim Steeplands; 1981 January 25-31; Christchurch, New Zealand. Publ. No.132. Washington, DC: International Association of Scientific Hydrology: 305-342.
    • (1981) , pp. 305-342
    • Wells, W.G.1
  • 226
    • 0023486375 scopus 로고
    • The effects of fire on the generation of debris flows in southern California
    • Wells, W.G., II. 1987. The effects of fire on the generation of debris flows in southern California. Reviews in Engineering Geology 7:105-114.
    • (1987) Reviews in Engineering Geology , vol.7 , pp. 105-114
    • Wells, W.G.1
  • 227
    • 0003883816 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire on soil: a state-of-the-knowledge review
    • General Technical Report WO-7. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service
    • Wells, C.G., Campbell, R.E.; DeBano, L.F.; Lewis, C.E.; Fredrickson, R.L.; Franklin, E.C.; Froelich, R.C.; Dunn, P.H. 1979. Effects of fire on soil: a state-of-the-knowledge review. General Technical Report WO-7. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 34 p.
    • (1979) , pp. 34
    • Wells, C.G.1    Campbell, R.E.2    DeBano, L.F.3    Lewis, C.E.4    Fredrickson, R.L.5    Franklin, E.C.6    Froelich, R.C.7    Dunn, P.H.8
  • 228
    • 33747586378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warming and earlier spring increase western U.S.
    • forest wildfire activity.
    • Westerling, A.L.; Hidalgo, H.G.; Cayan, D.R.; Swetnam, T.W. 2006. Warming and earlier spring increase western U.S. forest wildfire activity. Science 313(5789): 940-943.
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , Issue.5789 , pp. 940-943
    • Westerling, A.L.1    Hidalgo, H.G.2    Cayan, D.R.3    Swetnam, T.W.4
  • 229
    • 0002569648 scopus 로고
    • Attached algae-substrate interactions: fact or myth, and when and how?
    • R.G. Wetzel (ed.). Peripyton in Freshwater Ecosystems. Junk. The Hague, Netherlands
    • Wetzel, R.G. 1983. Attached algae-substrate interactions: fact or myth, and when and how? In: R.G. Wetzel (ed.). Peripyton in Freshwater Ecosystems. Junk. The Hague, Netherlands: 207-215.
    • (1983) , pp. 207-215
    • Wetzel, R.G.1
  • 230
    • 2142671619 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation recovery in sedge meadow communities within the Red Bench Fire, Glacier National Park. In: Cerulean, S.I.; Engstrom, R.T
    • Fire in wetlands: a management perspective. Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station
    • Willard, E.E.; Wakimoto, R.H.; Ryan, K.C. 1995. Vegetation recovery in sedge meadow communities within the Red Bench Fire, Glacier National Park. In: Cerulean, S.I.; Engstrom, R.T. (eds.). Fire in wetlands: a management perspective. Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 19: 102-110.
    • (1995) , vol.19 , pp. 102-110
    • Willard, E.E.1    Wakimoto, R.H.2    Ryan, K.C.3
  • 231
    • 0022205953 scopus 로고
    • Natural disturbance and patch dynamics: an introduction
    • Pickett, S.T.A.; White, P.S. (eds.). The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics. San Francisco, CA: Academic Press
    • White, P. S.; Pickett, S.T.A. 1985. Chapter 1. Natural disturbance and patch dynamics: an introduction. In: Pickett, S.T.A.; White, P.S. (eds.). The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics. San Francisco, CA: Academic Press. 472 p.
    • (1985) , pp. 472
    • White, P.S.1    Pickett, S.T.A.2
  • 233
    • 78650750981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest responses to increasing aridity and warmth in the southwestern United States
    • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    • Williams, A.P.; Allen, C.D.; Millar, C.I. 2010. Forest responses to increasing aridity and warmth in the southwestern United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(50): 21289-21294.
    • (2010) , vol.107 , Issue.50 , pp. 21289-21294
    • Williams, A.P.1    Allen, C.D.2    Millar, C.I.3
  • 234
    • 84871936729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality
    • Williams, A.P.; Allen, C.D.; Macalady, A.K. 2013. Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality. Nature Climate Change 3(3): 292-297.
    • (2013) Nature Climate Change , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 292-297
    • Williams, A.P.1    Allen, C.D.2    Macalady, A.K.3
  • 235
    • 4043178006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire and grass seeding on soil erosion in southern California chaparral
    • Proceedings, 19th Annual Forest Vegetation Management Conference: Wildfire Rehabilitation; 1998 January 20-22. Redding, CA: Forest Vegetation Management Conference
    • Wohlgemuth, P.M.; Beyers, J.L.; Wakeman, C.D.; Conard, S.G. 1998. Effects of fire and grass seeding on soil erosion in southern California chaparral. In: Proceedings, 19th Annual Forest Vegetation Management Conference: Wildfire Rehabilitation; 1998 January 20-22. Redding, CA: Forest Vegetation Management Conference: 41-51.
    • (1998) , pp. 41-51
    • Wohlgemuth, P.M.1    Beyers, J.L.2    Wakeman, C.D.3    Conard, S.G.4
  • 236
    • 0003494942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air quality guidelines for Europe
    • European Series, No. 91
    • World Health Organization. 2000. Air quality guidelines for Europe. WHO Regional Publications, European Series, No. 91. 251 p.
    • (2000) , pp. 251
  • 237
    • 84956838364 scopus 로고
    • Fire Ecology United States and Southern Canada. John Wiley & Sons, New York
    • Wright, H.A.; Bailey, A.W. 1982. Fire Ecology United States and Southern Canada. John Wiley & Sons, New York 501 p.
    • (1982) , pp. 501
    • Wright, H.A.1    Bailey, A.W.2
  • 238
    • 0035060539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation and water yield dynamics in an Edwards Plateau watershed
    • Wu, X.B.; Redeker, E.J.; Thurow, T.L. 2001. Vegetation and water yield dynamics in an Edwards Plateau watershed. Journal of Range Management 54: 98-105.
    • (2001) Journal of Range Management , vol.54 , pp. 98-105
    • Wu, X.B.1    Redeker, E.J.2    Thurow, T.L.3
  • 239
    • 84956764553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Fire and Nonnative Invasive Plants. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR- 42 Volume 6. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
    • Zouhar, K.; Smith, J.K.; Sutherland, S.; Brooks, M.L. (eds.) 2008. Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Fire and Nonnative Invasive Plants. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR- 42 Volume 6. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 355 p.
    • (2008) , pp. 355
    • Zouhar, K.1    Smith, J.K.2    Sutherland, S.3    Brooks, M.L.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.