Prenatal androgen exposure alters girls’ responses to information indicating gender-appropriate behaviour

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 371, Issue 1688, 2016, Pages

  Hines, Melissa ^a   Pasterski, Vickie ^a   Spencer, Debra ^a   Neufeld, Sharon ^a   Patalay, Praveetha ^a   Hindmarsh, Peter C ^b   Hughes, Ieuan A ^a   Acerini, Carlo L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Androgen; Behaviour; Brain; Congenital adrenal hyperplasia; Gender; Self socialization

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN; BRAIN; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISORDER; FEMALE BEHAVIOR; GENDER;

ANDROGEN;

ANIMAL; CHILD; CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; GENDER IDENTITY; HUMAN; MALE; METABOLISM; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RECREATION; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL; ANDROGENS; ANIMALS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CHOICE BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; GENDER IDENTITY; HUMANS; MALE; PLAY AND PLAYTHINGS; SEX FACTORS; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 84956666067     PISSN: 09628436     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0125     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Hyde JS. 2005 The gender similarities hypothesis. Amer. Psychol. 60, 581-592. (doi:10.1037/0003-066X.60.6.581)
2. Hines M. 2015 Gendered development. In Handbook of child development and developmental science (eds RM Lerner, ME Lamb), pp 842-887, 7th edn. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
3. Alexander GM, Wilcox T, Woods R. 2009 Sex differences in infants’ visual interest in toys. Arch. Sexual Behav. 38, 427-433. (doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9430-1)
4. Zosuls KM, Ruble DN, Tamis-LeMonda CS, Shrout PE, Bornstein MH, Greulich FK. 2009 The acquisition of gender labels in infancy: implications for sex-typed play. Dev. Psychol. 45, 688-701. (doi:10.1037/a0014053)
5. Jadva V, Golombok S, Hines M. 2010 Infants’ preferences for toys, colors and shapes. Arch. Sexual Behav. 39, 1261-1273. (doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9618-z)
6. Snow ME, Jacklin CN, Maccoby EE. 1983 Sex of child differences in father-child interaction at one year of age. Child Dev. 54, 227-232. (doi:10.2307/1129880)
7. Serbin LA, Poulin-Dubois D, Colbourne KA, Sen MG, Eichstedt JA. 2001 Gender stereotyping in infancy: visual preferences for and knowledge of gender-stereotyped toys in the second year. Int. J. Behav. Dev. 25, 7-15. (doi:10.1080/01650250042000078)
8. Pasterski V, Golombok S, Hines M. 2010 Sex differences in social behavior. In The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of childhood social development (eds PK Smith, CH Hart), 2nd edn, pp 281-298. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
9. Berenbaum SA, Hines M. 1992 Early androgens are related to childhood sex-typed toy preferences. Psychol. Sci. 3, 203-206. (doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00028.x)
10. Pasterski VL, Geffner ME, Brain C, Hindmarsh P, Brook C, Hines M. 2005 Prenatal hormones and postnatal socialization by parents as determinants of male-typical toy play in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Child Dev. 76, 264-278. (doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00843.x)
11. Cohen-Bendahan CCC, van de Beek C, Berenbaum SA. 2005 Prenatal sex hormone effects on child and adult sex-typed behavior:methods and findings. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 29, 353-384. (doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.11.004)
12. Hines M. 2011 Gender development and the human brain. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 34, 67-86. (doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-061010-113654)
13. Arnold AP. 2009 The organizational-activational hypothesis as the foundation for a unified theory of sexual differentiation of all mammalian tissues. Horm. Behav. 55, 570-578. (doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.03.011)
14. Hines M. 2004 Brain gender. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
15. McCarthy MM, De Vries GJ, Forger NG. 2002 Sexual differentiation of the brain: mode, mechanisms, and meaning. In Hormones, brain and behavior (eds DW Pfaff, AP Arnold, AM Etgen, SE Fahrbach, RT Rubin), pp 1707-1744, 2nd edn. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
16. Maccoby EE, Jacklin CN. 1974 The psychology of sex differences. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
17. Ruble D, Martin CL, Berenbaum SA. 2006 Gender development. In Handbook of child psychology (eds W Damon, RM Lerner), 6th edn, pp 858-932. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
18. Martin CL, Ruble DN, Szkrybalo J. 2002 Cognitive theories of early gender development. Psychol. Bull. 128, 903-933. (doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.6.903)
19. Perry DG, Bussey K. 1979 The social learning theory of sex difference: Imitation is alive and well. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 37, 1699-1712. (doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.10.1699)
20. Shutts K, Banaji MR, Spelke ES. 2010 Social categories guide young children’s preferences for novel objects. Dev. Sci. 13, 599-610. (doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00913.x)
21. Wolf TM. 1973 Effects of live modeled sex-inappropriate play behavior in a naturalistic setting. Dev. Psychol. 9, 120-123. (doi:10.1037/h0035091)
22. Masters JC, Ford ME, Arend R, Grotevant HD, Clark LV. 1979 Modeling and labelling as integrated determinants of children’s sex-typed imitative behavior. Child Dev. 50, 364-371. (doi:10.2307/1129411)
23. Liebert RM, McCall RB, Hanratty MA. 1971 Effects of sex-typed information on children’s toy preferences. J. Genet. Psychol. 119, 133-136. (doi:10.1080/00221325.1971.10532635)
24. Martin CL, Ruble DN. 2009 Patterns of gender development. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 61, 353-381. (doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100511)
25. Pang S et al. 1980 Amniotic fluid concentrations of delta 5 and delta 4 steroids in fetuses with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency and in anencephalic fetuses. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 51, 223-229. (doi:10.1210/jcem-51-2-223)
26. Wudy SA, Dörr HG, Solleder C, Djalali M, Homoki J. 1999 Profiling steroid hormones in amniotic fluid of midpregnancy by routine stable isotope dilution/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: reference values and concentrations in fetuses at risk for 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 2724-2728. (doi:1210/jc.84.8.2724)
27. Merke DP, Bornstein SR. 2005 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The Lancet 365, 2125-2136. (doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66736-0)
28. Dessens AB, Slijper FME, Drop SLS. 2005 Gender dysphoria and gender change in chromosomal females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Arch. Sexual Behav. 34, 389-397. (doi:10.1007/s10508-005-4338-5)
29. Nordenstrom A, Servin A, Bohlin G, Larsson A, Wedell A. 2002 Sex-typed toy play behavior correlates with the degree of prenatal androgen exposure assessed by CYP21 genotype in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87, 5119-5124. (doi:10.1210/jc.2001-011531)
30. Meyer-Bahlburg HFL, Gruen RS, New MI, Bell JJ, Morishima A, Shimshi M, Bueno Y, Vargas I, Baker SW. 1996 Gender change from female to male in classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Horm. Behav. 30, 319-332. (doi:10.1006/hbeh.1996.0039)
31. Zucker KJ, Bradley SJ, Oliver G, Blake J, Fleming S, Hood J. 1996 Psychosexual development of women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Horm. Behav. 30, 300-318. (doi:10.1006/hbeh.1996.0038)
32. Ehrhardt AA, Epstein R, Money J. 1968 Fetal androgens and female gender identity in the early- treated adrenogenital syndrome. Johns Hopkins Med. J. 122, 160-167.
33. Hines M, Brook C, Conway GS. 2004 Androgen and psychosexual development: core gender identity, sexual orientation and recalled childhood gender role behavior in women and men with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). J. Sex Res. 41, 75-81. (doi:10.1080/00224490409552215)
34. Pasterski VL, Zucker KJ, Hindmarsh PC, Hughes IA, Acerini CL, Spencer D, Neufeld S, Hines M. 2015 Increased cross-gender identification independent of gender role behavior in girls with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: results from a standardized assessment of 4-11-year-old children. Arch. Sexual Behav. 44, 1363-1375. (doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0385-0)
35. Pasterski VL, Geffner ME, Brain C, Hindmarsh PC, Brook C, Hines M. 2011 Prenatal hormones and childhood sex segregation: playmate and play style preferences in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Horm. Behav. 59, 549-555. (doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.02.007)
36. Baron-Cohen S. 2003 The essential difference: the truth about the male and female brain. New York, NY: Basic Books.
37. Berenbaum SA. 1999 Effects of early androgens on sex-typed activities and interests in adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Horm. Behav. 35, 102-110. (doi:10.1006/hbeh.1998.1503)
38. White PC, Speiser PW. 2000 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase dficiency. Endocr. Rev. 21, 245-291.
39. Meyer-Bahlburg HFL, Dollard J, Baker SW, Carlson AD, Obeid JS, New MI. 2004 Prenatal androgenization affects gender-related behavior but not gender identity in 5-12-year-old girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Arch. Sexual Behav. 33, 97-104. (doi:10.1023/B:ASEB.0000014324.25718.51)
40. Knickmeyer R, Baron-Cohen S, Fane B, Wheelwright S, Mathews GA, Conway GS, Brook CGD, Hines M. 2006 Androgens and autistic traits: a study of individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Horm. Behav. 50, 148-153. (doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.02.006)
41. Kohlberg L. 1966 A cognitive-developmental analysis of children’s sex-role concepts and attitudes. In The development of sex differences. (ed. EE Maccoby), pp 82-173. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
42. Thompson SK. 1975 Gender labels and early sex role development. Child Dev. 46, 339-347. (doi:10.2307/1128126)
43. Beltz AM, Swanson JL, Berenbaum SA. 2011 Gendered occupational interests: prenatal androgen effects on psychological orientation to things versus people. Horm. Behav. 60, 313-317. (doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.1006.002)
44. Frisén J et al. 2009 Gender role behavior, sexuality, and psychosocial adaptation in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to CYP21A2 deficiency. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94, 3432-3439. (doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0636)