메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 223-245

A multi-layer land surface energy budget model for implicit coupling with global atmospheric simulations

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AERODYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; BOUNDARY LAYER; CANOPY EXCHANGE; EDDY COVARIANCE; ENERGY BUDGET; EVERGREEN TREE; GLOBAL CHANGE; LAND SURFACE; SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX; SIMULATION; SURFACE ENERGY;

EID: 84956619551     PISSN: 1991959X     EISSN: 19919603     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/gmd-9-223-2016     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (24)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 0042471616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of biogenic volatile organic compounds: A review
    • Atkinson, R., Arey, J.: Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of biogenic volatile organic compounds: a review, Atmos. Environ., 37, 197-219, doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00391-1, 2003.
    • (2003) Atmos. Environ , vol.37 , pp. 197-219
    • Atkinson, R.1    Arey, J.2
  • 2
    • 0023824091 scopus 로고
    • A multi-layer model for estimating sulfur dioxide deposition to a deciduous oak forest canopy
    • Baldocchi, D. D.: A multi-layer model for estimating sulfur dioxide deposition to a deciduous oak forest canopy, Atmos. Environ. (1967), 22, 869-884, doi:10.1016/0004-6981(88)90264-8, 1988.
    • (1988) Atmos. Environ. , vol.22 , pp. 869-884
    • Baldocchi, D.D.1
  • 3
    • 0035419192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling CO2 and water vapor exchange of a temperate broadleaved forest across hourly to decadal time scales
    • Baldocchi, D. D., Wilson, K.: Modeling CO2 and water vapor exchange of a temperate broadleaved forest across hourly to decadal time scales, Ecol. Model., 142, 155-184, doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00287-3, 2001.
    • (2001) Ecol. Model , vol.142 , pp. 155-184
    • Baldocchi, D.D.1    Wilson, K.2
  • 4
    • 0034640333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On measuring and modeling energy fluxes above the floor of a homogeneous and heterogeneous conifer forest
    • Baldocchi, D. D., Law, B. E., Anthoni, P. M.: On measuring and modeling energy fluxes above the floor of a homogeneous and heterogeneous conifer forest, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 102, 187-206, doi:10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00098-8, 2000.
    • (2000) Agr. Forest Meteorol , vol.102 , pp. 187-206
    • Baldocchi, D.D.1    Law, B.E.2    Anthoni, P.M.3
  • 6
    • 0000036909 scopus 로고
    • A model predicting stomatal conductance and its contribution to the control of photosynthesis under different environmental conditions
    • Ball, J. T., Woodrow, T., Berry, J.: A model predicting stomatal conductance and its contribution to the control of photosynthesis under different environmental conditions, in: Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Photosynthesis, 221-224, 1987.
    • (1987) Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Photosynthesis , pp. 221-224
    • Ball, J.T.1    Woodrow, T.2    Berry, J.3
  • 7
    • 68049085458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A revised hydrology for the ECMWF model: Verification from field site to terrestrial water storage and impact in the integrated forecast system
    • Balsamo, G., Beljaars, A., Scipal, K., Viterbo, P., van den Hurk, B., Hirschi, M., Betts, A. K.: A revised hydrology for the ECMWF model: verification from field site to terrestrial water storage and impact in the integrated forecast system, J. Hydrometeorol., 10, 623-643, doi:10.1175/2008JHM1068.1, 2009.
    • (2009) J. Hydrometeorol , vol.10 , pp. 623-643
    • Balsamo, G.1    Beljaars, A.2    Scipal, K.3    Viterbo, P.4    Van Den Hurk, B.5    Hirschi, M.6    Betts, A.K.7
  • 8
    • 23944439865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface energy exchanges along a tundra-forest transition and feedbacks to climate
    • Beringer, J., Chapin, F. S., Thompson, C. C., Mcguire, A. D.: Surface energy exchanges along a tundra-forest transition and feedbacks to climate, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 131, 143-161, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.05.006, 2005.
    • (2005) Agr. Forest Meteorol , vol.131 , pp. 143-161
    • Beringer, J.1    Chapin, F.S.2    Thompson, C.C.3    McGuire, A.D.4
  • 9
    • 12144264437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A proposed structure for coupling tiled surfaces with the planetary boundary layer
    • Best, M. J., Beljaars, A. C. M., Polcher, J., Viterbo, P.: A proposed structure for coupling tiled surfaces with the planetary boundary layer, J. Hydrometeorol., 5, 1271-1278, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Hydrometeorol , vol.5 , pp. 1271-1278
    • Best, M.J.1    Beljaars, A.C.M.2    Polcher, J.3    Viterbo, P.4
  • 10
    • 45849092625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forests and climate change: Forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests
    • Bonan, G. B.: Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests, Science, 320, 1444-1449, doi:10.1126/science.1155121, 2008.
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 1444-1449
    • Bonan, G.B.1
  • 11
    • 84907589011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling stomatal conductance in the earth system: Linking leaf water-use efficiency and water transport along the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum
    • Bonan, G. B., Williams, M., Fisher, R. A., Oleson, K. W.: Modeling stomatal conductance in the earth system: linking leaf water-use efficiency and water transport along the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 2193-2222, doi:10.5194/gmd-7-2193-2014, 2014.
    • (2014) Geosci Model Dev , vol.7 , pp. 2193-2222
    • Bonan, G.B.1    Williams, M.2    Fisher, R.A.3    Oleson, K.W.4
  • 13
    • 84910684554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-scale modelling of transpiration from stomata via the leaf boundary layer
    • Defraeye, T., Derome, D., Verboven, P., Carmeliet, J., Nicolai, B.: Cross-scale modelling of transpiration from stomata via the leaf boundary layer, Ann. Botany, 114, 711-723, doi:10.1093/aob/mct313, 2014.
    • (2014) Ann. Botany , vol.114 , pp. 711-723
    • Defraeye, T.1    Derome, D.2    Verboven, P.3    Carmeliet, J.4    Nicolai, B.5
  • 15
    • 0027798806 scopus 로고
    • A multiple-source land surface energy balance model for use in general circulation models Agr
    • Dolman, A. J.: A multiple-source land surface energy balance model for use in general circulation models, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 65, 21-45, doi:10.1016/0168-1923(93)90036-H, 1993.
    • (1993) Forest Meteorol , vol.65 , pp. 21-45
    • Dolman, A.J.1
  • 16
    • 0026360262 scopus 로고
    • Lagrangian and K-theory approaches in modelling evaporation from sparse canopies
    • Dolman, A. J.,Wallace, J.: Lagrangian and K-theory approaches in modelling evaporation from sparse canopies, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 117, 1325-1340, 1991.
    • (1991) Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc , vol.117 , pp. 1325-1340
    • Dolman, A.1    Jwallace, J.2
  • 17
    • 84896830977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large source of low-volatility secondary organic aerosol
    • Ehn, M., Thornton, J. A., Kleist, E., Sipilä, M., Junninen, H., Pullinen, I., Springer, M., Rubach, F., Tillmann, R., Lee, B., Lopez-Hilfiker, F., Andres, S., Acir, I.-H., Rissanen, M., Jokinen, T., Schobesberger, S., Kangasluoma, J., Kontkanen, J., Nieminen, T., Kurtén, T., Nielsen, L. B., Jø rgensen, S., Kjaergaard, H. G., Canagaratna, M., Maso, M. D., Berndt, T., Petäjä, T., Wahner, A., Kerminen, V.-M., Kulmala, M., Worsnop, D. R., Wildt, J., Mentel, T. F.: A large source of low-volatility secondary organic aerosol, Nature, 506, 476-479, doi:10.1038/nature13032, 2014.
    • (2014) Nature , vol.506 , pp. 476-479
    • Ehn, M.1
  • 18
    • 0024845083 scopus 로고
    • Observation of organized structure in turbulent flow within and above a forest canopy
    • Gao, W., Shaw, R. H., Paw, K. T.: Observation of organized structure in turbulent flow within and above a forest canopy, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 47, 349-377, 1989.
    • (1989) Bound.-Lay. Meteorol , vol.47 , pp. 349-377
    • Gao, W.1    Shaw, R.H.2    Paw, K.T.3
  • 19
    • 0001330982 scopus 로고
    • The boundary layer over a populus leaf
    • Grace, J., Wilson, J.: The Boundary Layer over a Populus Leaf, J. Experiment. Botany, 27, 231-241, doi:10.1093/jxb/27.2.231, 1976.
    • (1976) J. Experiment. Botany , vol.27 , pp. 231-241
    • Grace, J.1    Wilson, J.2
  • 21
    • 0033586632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micrometeorology, biophysical exchanges and NEE decomposition in a two-storey boreal forest-development and test of an integrated model, Agr
    • Gu, L., Shugart, H. H., Fuentes, J. D., Black, T. A., Shewchuk, S. R.: Micrometeorology, biophysical exchanges and NEE decomposition in a two-storey boreal forest-development and test of an integrated model, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 94, 123-148, 1999.
    • (1999) Forest Meteorol , vol.94 , pp. 123-148
    • Gu, L.1    Shugart, H.H.2    Fuentes, J.D.3    Black, T.A.4    Shewchuk, S.R.5
  • 22
    • 33746885462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature)
    • Guenther, A., Karl, T., Harley, P., Wiedinmyer, C., Palmer, P. I., Geron, C.: Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3181-3210, doi:10.5194/acp-6-3181-2006, 2006.
    • (2006) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.6 , pp. 3181-3210
    • Guenther, A.1    Karl, T.2    Harley, P.3    Wiedinmyer, C.4    Palmer, P.I.5    Geron, C.6
  • 24
    • 58549105302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The turbulent Lagrangian time scale in forest canopies constrained by fluxes, concentrations and source distributions
    • Haverd, V., Leuning, R., Griffith, D., Gorsel, E., Cuntz, M.: The turbulent Lagrangian time scale in forest canopies constrained by fluxes, concentrations and source distributions, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 130, 209-228, doi:10.1007/s10546-008-9344-4, 2009.
    • (2009) Bound.-Lay Meteorol , vol.130 , pp. 209-228
    • Haverd, V.1    Leuning, R.2    Griffith, D.3    Gorsel, E.4    Cuntz, M.5
  • 25
    • 47949108977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtropical to boreal convergence of tree-leaf temperatures
    • Helliker, B. R., Richter, S. L.: Subtropical to boreal convergence of tree-leaf temperatures, Nature, 454, 511-514, doi:10.1038/nature07031, 2008.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.454 , pp. 511-514
    • Helliker, B.R.1    Richter, S.L.2
  • 27
    • 34247493236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matplotlib: A 2D graphics environment
    • Hunter, J. D.: Matplotlib: A 2D graphics environment, Comput. Sci. Eng., 9, 90-95, 2007.
    • (2007) Comput. Sci. Eng , vol.9 , pp. 90-95
    • Hunter, J.D.1
  • 30
    • 84857609428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Canopy Semi-analytic pgap and radiative transfer (CanSPART) Model: Validation using ground based lidar Agr
    • Lovell, J., Haverd, V., Jupp, D., Newnham, G.: The Canopy Semi-analytic Pgap And Radiative Transfer (CanSPART) model: Validation using ground based lidar, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 158-159, 1-12, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.01.020, 2012.
    • (2012) Forest Meteorol , vol.158-159 , pp. 1-12
    • Lovell, J.1    Haverd, V.2    Jupp, D.3    Newnham, G.4
  • 31
    • 85031962197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LSCE/IPSL: ORCHIDEE documentation available at last access: 16 December 2015
    • LSCE/IPSL: ORCHIDEE documentation available at: http:forge.ipsl.jussieu.fr/orchidee/wiki/Documentation (last access: 16 December 2015), 2012.
    • (2012)
  • 32
    • 0033585964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical processing of biogenic hydrocarbons within and above a temperate deciduous forest
    • Makar, P. A., Fuentes, J. D., Wang, D., Staebler, R. M., Wiebe, H. A.: Chemical processing of biogenic hydrocarbons within and above a temperate deciduous forest, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 3581-3603, doi:10.1029/1998JD100065, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res , vol.104 , pp. 3581-3603
    • Makar, P.A.1    Fuentes, J.D.2    Wang, D.3    Staebler, R.M.4    Wiebe, H.A.5
  • 33
    • 0032734879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analytical one-dimensional second-order closure model of turbulence statistics and the lagrangian time scale within and above plant canopies of arbitrary structure
    • Massman, W. J., Weil, J. C.: An analytical one-dimensional second-order closure model of turbulence statistics and the lagrangian time scale within and above plant canopies of arbitrary structure, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 91, 81-107, 1999.
    • (1999) Bound.-Lay. Meteorol , vol.91 , pp. 81-107
    • Massman, W.J.1    Weil, J.C.2
  • 35
    • 0028981630 scopus 로고
    • A 'Lagrangian' revision of the resistors in the two-layer model for calculating the energy budget of a plant canopy
    • McNaughton, K. G., van den Hurk, B. J. J. M.: A 'Lagrangian' revision of the resistors in the two-layer model for calculating the energy budget of a plant canopy, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 74, 261-288, 1995.
    • (1995) Bound.-Lay. Meteorol , vol.74 , pp. 261-288
    • McNaughton, K.G.1    Van Den Hurk, B.J.J.M.2
  • 39
    • 4544361972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas-particle interactions above a Dutch heathland: I. Surface exchange fluxes of NH3, SO2, HNO3 and HCl
    • Nemitz, E., Sutton, M. A., Wyers, G. P., Jongejan, P. A. C.: Gas-particle interactions above a Dutch heathland: I. Surface exchange fluxes of NH3, SO2, HNO3 and HCl, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 989-1005, doi:10.5194/acp-4-989-2004, 2004a.
    • (2004) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.4 , pp. 989-1005
    • Nemitz, E.1    Sutton, M.A.2    Wyers, G.P.3    Jongejan, P.A.C.4
  • 40
    • 4544281443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas-Particle interactions above a Dutch heathland: II. Concentrations and surface exchange fluxes of atmospheric particles
    • Nemitz, E., Sutton, M. A., Wyers, G. P., Otjes, R. P., Mennen, M. G., van Putten, E. M., Gallagher, M. W.: Gas-particle interactions above a Dutch heathland: II. Concentrations and surface exchange fluxes of atmospheric particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1007-1024, doi:10.5194/acp-4-1007-2004, 2004b.
    • (2004) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.4 , pp. 1007-1024
    • Nemitz, E.1    Sutton, M.A.2    Wyers, G.P.3    Otjes, R.P.4    Mennen, M.G.5    Van Putten, E.M.6    Gallagher, M.W.7
  • 42
    • 0037983993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MuSICA, a CO2, water and energy multilayer, multileaf pine forest model: Evaluation from hourly to yearly time scales and sensitivity analysis
    • Ogeé, J., Brunet, Y., Loustau, D., Berbigier, P., Delzon, S.: MuSICA, a CO2, water and energy multilayer, multileaf pine forest model: evaluation from hourly to yearly time scales and sensitivity analysis, Glob. Change Biol., 9, 697-717, doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00628.x, 2003.
    • (2003) Glob Change Biol , vol.9 , pp. 697-717
    • Ogeé, J.1    Brunet, Y.2    Loustau, D.3    Berbigier, P.4    Delzon, S.5
  • 43
    • 85031967320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • available at (last access: 16 December 2015)
    • Ozflux: Description of Tumbarumba monitoring station, available at: www.ozflux.org.au/monitoringsites/tumbarumba (last access: 16 December 2015), 2013.
    • (2013) Ozflux: Description of Tumbarumba Monitoring Station
  • 44
    • 42549154270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of surface longwave radiation components from ground-based historical net radiation and weather data
    • Park, G.-H., Gao, X., Sorooshian, S.: Estimation of surface longwave radiation components from ground-based historical net radiation and weather data, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D04207, doi:10.1029/2007JD008903, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res , vol.113 , pp. D04207
    • Park, G.-H.1    Gao, X.2    Sorooshian, S.3
  • 45
    • 0000799269 scopus 로고
    • Some physical aspects of assimilation and transpiration
    • Penman, H. L., Schofield, R. K.: Some physical aspects of assimilation and transpiration, Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol., 5, 115-129, 1951.
    • (1951) Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol , vol.5 , pp. 115-129
    • Penman, H.L.1    Schofield, R.K.2
  • 46
    • 33644962686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simplifying the interaction of land surfaces with radiation for relating remote sensing products to climate models
    • Pinty, B., Lavergne, T., Dickinson, R. E., Widlowski, J.-L., Gobron, N., Verstraete, M. M.: Simplifying the interaction of land surfaces with radiation for relating remote sensing products to climate models, J. Geophys. Res., 111, 1-20, doi:10.1029/2005JD005952.
    • J. Geophys. Res , vol.111 , pp. 1-20
    • Pinty, B.1    Lavergne, T.2    Dickinson, R.E.3    Widlowski, J.-L.4    Gobron, N.5    Verstraete, M.M.6
  • 50
    • 0024830256 scopus 로고
    • Applying Lagrangian fluid mechanics to infer scalar source distributions from concentration profiles in plant canopies
    • Raupach, M. R.: Applying Lagrangian fluid mechanics to infer scalar source distributions from concentration profiles in plant canopies, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 47, 85-108, 1989a.
    • (1989) Agr. Forest Meteorol , vol.47 , pp. 85-108
    • Raupach, M.R.1
  • 51
    • 0024799862 scopus 로고
    • A practical Lagrangian method for relating scalar concentrations to source distributions in vegetation canopies
    • Raupach, M. R.: A practical Lagrangian method for relating scalar concentrations to source distributions in vegetation canopies, Quarterly J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 115, 609-632, doi:10.1256/smsqj.48709, 1989b.
    • (1989) Quarterly J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc , vol.115 , pp. 609-632
    • Raupach, M.R.1
  • 55
    • 77958549526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing evapotranspiration estimates from the second global soil wetness project (GSWP-2) simulations
    • Schlosser, C. A., Gao, X.: Assessing Evapotranspiration Estimates from the Second Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP-2) Simulations, J. Hydrometeorol., 11, 880-897, doi:10.1175/2010JHM1203.1, 2010.
    • (2010) J. Hydrometeorol , vol.11 , pp. 880-897
    • Schlosser, C.A.1    Gao, X.2
  • 56
    • 0035270448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the land Surface-Atmosphere coupling and its Impact in a Single-Column atmospheric model
    • Schulz, J.-P., Dümenil, L., Polcher, J.: On the Land Surface-Atmosphere Coupling and Its Impact in a Single-Column Atmospheric Model, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 40, 642-663, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2001)0400642:OTLSAC2.0.CO;2, 2001.
    • (2001) Journal of Applied Meteorology , vol.40 , pp. 642-663
    • Schulz, J.-P.1    Dümenil, L.2    Polcher, J.3
  • 58
    • 0022167707 scopus 로고
    • Evaporation from sparse crops-an energy combination theory
    • Shuttleworth, W. J., Wallace, J. S.: Evaporation from sparse crops-an energy combination theory, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 111, 839-855, doi:10.1256/smsqj.46909, 1985.
    • (1985) Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc , vol.111 , pp. 839-855
    • Shuttleworth, W.J.1    Wallace, J.S.2
  • 59
    • 0032006210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-layer model to describe the atmospheric transport and deposition of ammonia in Great
    • Singles, R., Sutton, M., Weston, K.: A multi-layer model to describe the atmospheric transport and deposition of ammonia in Great Britain, Atmos. Environ., 32, 393-399, doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(97)83467-X, 1998.
    • (1998) Britain Atmos. Environ , vol.32 , pp. 393-399
    • Singles, R.1    Sutton, M.2    Weston, K.3
  • 60
    • 0035045924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RATP: A model for simulating the spatial distribution of radiation absorption, transpiration and photosynthesis within canopies: Application to an isolated tree crown
    • Sinoquet, H., Le Roux, X., Adam, B., Ameglio, T., Daudet, F. A.: RATP: a model for simulating the spatial distribution of radiation absorption, transpiration and photosynthesis within canopies: application to an isolated tree crown, Plant Cell Environ., 24, 395-406, doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00694.x, 2001.
    • (2001) Plant Cell Environ , vol.24 , pp. 395-406
    • Sinoquet, H.1    Le Roux, X.2    Adam, B.3    Ameglio, T.4    Daudet, F.A.5
  • 61
    • 27144472816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of canopy-scale photochemistry in modifying biogenic-atmosphere exchange of reactive terpene species: Results from the CELTIC field study
    • Stroud, C., Makar, P. A., Karl, T., Guenther, A. B., Geron, C., Turnipseed, A., Nemitz, E. G., Baker, B., Potosnak, M. J., Fuentes, J. D.: Role of canopy-scale photochemistry in modifying biogenic-atmosphere exchange of reactive terpene species: Results from the CELTIC field study, J. Geophys. Res., 110, 1-14, doi:10.1029/2005JD005775, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110 , pp. 1-14
    • Stroud, C.1    Makar, P.A.2    Karl, T.3    Guenther, A.B.4    Geron, C.5    Turnipseed, A.6    Nemitz, E.G.7    Baker, B.8    Potosnak, M.J.9    Fuentes, J.D.10
  • 62
    • 0034732157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A SVAT scheme describing energy and CO2 fluxes for multi-component vegetation: Calibration and test for a Sahelian savannah
    • Verhoef, A., Allen, S. J.: A SVAT scheme describing energy and CO2 fluxes for multi-component vegetation: calibration and test for a Sahelian savannah, Ecol. Model., 127, 245-267, doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00213-6, 2000.
    • (2000) Ecol. Model , vol.127 , pp. 245-267
    • Verhoef, A.1    Allen, S.J.2
  • 64
    • 84937040531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filling the gaps in meteorological continuous data measured at FLUXNET sites with ERA-Interim reanalysis
    • Vuichard, N., Papale, D.: Filling the gaps in meteorological continuous data measured at FLUXNET sites with ERA-Interim reanalysis, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, 157-171, doi:10.5194/essd-7-157-2015, 2015.
    • (2015) Earth Syst. Sci. Data , vol.7 , pp. 157-171
    • Vuichard, N.1    Papale, D.2
  • 66
    • 0031239399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a detailed model to study the exchange of NOx and O3 above and below a deciduous canopy
    • Walton, S., Gallagher, M. W., Duyzer, J. H.: Use of a detailed model to study the exchange of NOx and O3 above and below a deciduous canopy, Atmos. Environ., 31, 2915-2931, doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00126-X, 1997.
    • (1997) Atmos. Environ , vol.31 , pp. 2915-2931
    • Walton, S.1    Gallagher, M.W.2    Duyzer, J.H.3
  • 67
    • 0036605275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Momentum transfer by a mountain meadow canopy: A simulation analysis based on Massman's 1997 model
    • Wohlfahrt, G., Cernusca, A.: Momentum transfer by a mountain meadow canopy: a simulation analysis based on Massman's (1997) model, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 103, 391-407, 2002.
    • (2002) Bound.-Lay. Meteorol , vol.103 , pp. 391-407
    • Wohlfahrt, G.1    Cernusca, A.2
  • 68
    • 78650967190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Chemistry of Atmosphere-Forest Exchange (CAFE) Model-Part 1: Model description and characterization
    • Wolfe, G. M., Thornton, J. A.: The Chemistry of Atmosphere-Forest Exchange (CAFE) Model-Part 1: Model description and characterization, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 77-101, doi:10.5194/acp-11-77-2011, 2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.11 , pp. 77-101
    • Wolfe, G.M.1    Thornton, J.A.2
  • 69
    • 0026486638 scopus 로고
    • A heat-balance model with a canopy of one or two layers and its application to field experiments
    • Yamazaki, T., Kondo, J., Watanabe, T.: A heat-balance model with a canopy of one or two layers and its application to field experiments, J. Appl. Meteorol., 31, 86-103, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Appl. Meteorol , vol.31 , pp. 86-103
    • Yamazaki, T.1    Kondo, J.2    Watanabe, T.3
  • 70
    • 25844456608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiple-layer canopy scattering model to simulate shortwave radiation distribution within a homogeneous plant canopy
    • Zhao, W., Qualls, R. J.: A multiple-layer canopy scattering model to simulate shortwave radiation distribution within a homogeneous plant canopy, Water Resour. Res., 41, 1-16, doi:10.1029/2005WR004016, 2005.
    • (2005) Water Resour. Res , vol.41 , pp. 1-16
    • Zhao, W.1    Qualls, R.J.2
  • 71
    • 33749391650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling of long-wave and net radiation energy distribution within a homogeneous plant canopy via multiple scattering processes
    • Zhao, W., Qualls, R. J.: Modeling of long-wave and net radiation energy distribution within a homogeneous plant canopy via multiple scattering processes, Water Resour. Res., 42, 1-13, doi:10.1029/2005WR004581, 2006.
    • (2006) Water Resour. Res , vol.42 , pp. 1-13
    • Zhao, W.1    Qualls, R.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.