Postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of breast cancer in Norway

International Journal of Cancer

Volumn 138, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 584-593

  Román, Marta ^a,b   Sakshaug, Solveig ^c   Graff Iversen, Sidsel ^c   Vangen, Siri ^b   Weiderpass, Elisabete ^a,d,e,f   Ursin, Giske ^a,g   Hofvind, Solveig ^a,h  

^a CANCER REGISTRY OF NORWAY   (Norway)

^b OSLO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^c NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Norway)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TROMSØ   (Norway)

^e KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^f FOLKHÄLSAN RESEARCH CENTER   (Finland)

^g UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^h OSLO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (Norway)

Author keywords

breast neoplasms; estrogen; female; hormonal therapy; progestin; tibolone

Indexed keywords

ESTRADIOL; ESTRADIOL PLUS NORETHISTERONE ACETATE; ESTRADIOL VALERATE; ESTRIOL; TIBOLONE; TRISEQUENS; DRUG COMBINATION; ESTRADIOL, NORETHINDRONE DRUG COMBINATION; ESTROGEN; NORETHISTERONE; PREGNANE DERIVATIVE;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; BREAST CANCER; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER RISK; CONTRACEPTIVE BEHAVIOR; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG RESPONSE; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; LOW DRUG DOSE; NORWAY; POPULATION RESEARCH; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRESCRIPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; ADVERSE EFFECTS; AGED; BREAST NEOPLASMS; DRUG COMBINATION; ESTROGEN THERAPY; MIDDLE AGED; RISK;

AGED; BREAST NEOPLASMS; DRUG COMBINATIONS; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ESTROGENS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; NORETHINDRONE; NORPREGNENES; RISK;

EID: 84955706868     PISSN: 00207136     EISSN: 10970215     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29810     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer. Lancet 1997; 350: 1047-59.
2. Persson I, Weiderpass E, Bergkvist L, et al., Risks of breast and endometrial cancer after estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement. Cancer Causes Control 1999; 10: 253-60.
3. Magnusson C, Baron JA, Correia N, et al., Breast-cancer risk following long-term oestrogen- and oestrogen-progestin-replacement therapy. Int J Cancer 1999; 81: 339-44.
4. Ross RK, Paganini-Hill A, Wan PC, et al., Effect of hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk: estrogen versus estrogen plus progestin. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92: 328-32.
5. Schairer C, Lubin J, Troisi R, et al., Menopausal estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and breast cancer risk. JAMA 2000; 283: 485-91.
6. Colditz GA, Rosner B., Cumulative risk of breast cancer to age 70 years according to risk factor status: data from the Nurses' Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 152: 950-64.
7. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al., Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 288: 321-33.
8. Beral V, Banks E, Reeves G., Evidence from randomised trials on the long-term effects of hormone replacement therapy. Lancet 2002; 360: 942-4.
9. Chlebowski RT, Hendrix SL, Langer RD, et al., Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA 2003; 289: 3243-53.
10. Beral V., Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet 2003; 362: 419-27.
11. Olsson HL, Ingvar C, Bladstrom A., Hormone replacement therapy containing progestins and given continuously increases breast carcinoma risk in Sweden. Cancer 2003; 97: 1387-92.
12. Colditz GA., Estrogen, estrogen plus progestin therapy, and risk of breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11: 909s-17s.
13. Saxena T, Lee E, Henderson KD, et al., Menopausal hormone therapy and subsequent risk of specific invasive breast cancer subtypes in the California Teachers Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19: 2366-78.
14. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, et al., Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: The Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 291: 1701-12.
15. Stahlberg C, Pedersen AT, Lynge E, et al., Increased risk of breast cancer following different regimens of hormone replacement therapy frequently used in Europe. Int J Cancer 2004; 109: 721-7.
16. Formoso G, Perrone E, Maltoni S, et al., Short and long term effects of tibolone in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 2: CD008536.
17. Grosse Y, Baan R, Straif K, et al., A review of human carcinogens-part a: Pharmaceuticals. Lancet Oncol 2009; 10: 13-4.
18. Pharmaceuticals. Volume 100 A. A review of human carcinogens. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 2012; 100: 1-401.
19. Bakken K, Alsaker E, Eggen AE, et al., Hormone replacement therapy and incidence of hormone-dependent cancers in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study. Int J Cancer 2004; 112: 130-4.
20. Lee SA, Ross RK, Pike MC., An overview of menopausal oestrogen-progestin hormone therapy and breast cancer risk. Br J Cancer 2005; 92: 2049-58.
21. Bakken K, Fournier A, Lund E, et al., Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: Impact of different treatments. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer 2011; 128: 144-56.
22. Cancer Registry of Norway. Regulation on the collection and processing of personal health data in the Cancer Registry of Norway (cancer registry regulations). Oslo, Norway: Cancer Registry of Norway, 2013.
23. Larsen IK, Smastuen M, Johannesen TB, Langmark F, Parkin DM, Bray F, Moller B., Data quality at the Cancer Registry of Norway: an overview of comparability, completeness, validity and timeliness. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45: 1218-31.
24. Hofvind S, Sakshaug S, Ursin G, et al., Breast cancer incidence trends in Norway-explained by hormone therapy or mammographic screening? Int J Cancer 2012; 130: 2930-8.
25. Nielsen LH, Lokkegaard E, Andreasen AH, et al., Using prescription registries to define continuous drug use: how to fill gaps between prescriptions. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008; 17: 384-8.
26. Chlebowski RT, Anderson GL, Gass M, et al., Estrogen plus progestin and breast cancer incidence and mortality in postmenopausal women. JAMA 2010; 304: 1684-92.
27. Lyytinen H, Pukkala E, Ylikorkala O., Breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women using estradiol-progestogen therapy. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 113: 65-73.
28. Flesch-Janys D, Slanger T, Mutschelknauss E, et al., Risk of different histological types of postmenopausal breast cancer by type and regimen of menopausal hormone therapy. Int J Cancer 2008; 123: 933-41.
29. Notelovitz M., Postmenopausal tibolone therapy: biologic principles and applied clinical practice. MedGenMed 2007; 9: 2.
30. Archer DF, Hendrix S, Gallagher JC, et al., Endometrial effects of tibolone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 911-8.
31. Cummings SR, Ettinger B, Delmas PD, et al., The effects of tibolone in older postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 697-708.
32. Opatrny L, Dell'Aniello S, Assouline S, et al., Hormone replacement therapy use and variations in the risk of breast cancer. BJOG 2008; 115: 169-75; discussion 175.
33. Stanford JL, Weiss NS, Voigt LF, et al., Combined estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapy in relation to risk of breast cancer in middle-aged women. JAMA 1995; 274: 137-42.
34. Manson JE, Chlebowski RT, Stefanick ML, et al., Menopausal hormone therapy and health outcomes during the intervention and extended poststopping phases of the Women's Health Initiative randomized trials. JAMA 2013; 310: 1353-68.
35. Fournier A, Berrino F, Riboli E, et al., Breast cancer risk in relation to different types of hormone replacement therapy in the E3N-EPIC cohort. Int J Cancer 2005; 114: 448-54.
36. Colditz GA, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, et al., The use of estrogens and progestins and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1589-93.
37. Chen CL, Weiss NS, Newcomb P, et al., Hormone replacement therapy in relation to breast cancer. JAMA 2002; 287: 734-41.
38. Li R, Gilliland FD, Baumgartner K, et al., Hormone replacement therapy and breast carcinoma risk in Hispanic and non-Hispanic women. Cancer 2002; 95: 960-8.
39. Fournier A, Berrino F, Clavel-Chapelon F., Unequal risks for breast cancer associated with different hormone replacement therapies: results from the E3N cohort study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 107: 103-11.
40. Lyytinen H, Pukkala E, Ylikorkala O., Breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women using estrogen-only therapy. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 108: 1354-60.
41. Lyytinen H, Dyba T, Pukkala E, et al., Do the dose or route of administration of norethisterone acetate as a part of hormone therapy play a role in risk of breast cancer: National-wide case-control study from Finland. Int J Cancer 2010; 127: 185-9.
42. Chen WY, Manson JE, Hankinson SE, et al., Unopposed estrogen therapy and the risk of invasive breast cancer. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 1027-32.
43. Suissa S, Azoulay L., Metformin and the risk of cancer: time-related biases in observational studies. Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 2665-73.
44. Chlebowski RT, Kuller LH, Prentice RL, et al., Breast cancer after use of estrogen plus progestin in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 573-87.
45. Fournier A, Mesrine S, Dossus L, et al., Risk of breast cancer after stopping menopausal hormone therapy in the E3N cohort. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 145: 535-43.