Fundamentals of indoor particles and settled dust

Indoor Environment: Airborne Particles and Settled Dust

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-46

  Morawska, Lidia ^a   Salthammer, Tunga ^b  

^a QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Australia)

^b Wilhelm Klauditz Institut (WKI)   (Germany)

Author keywords

Fundamentals; Indoor particles; Settled dust

Indexed keywords

FUNDAMENTALS; INDOOR PARTICLES; SETTLED DUST;

DUST;

EID: 84955695858     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527610013.ch1     Document Type: Chapter

References (95)

1. Abt, E.; Suh, H. H.; Allen, G.; Koutrakis, P. (2000 a) Characterization of Indoor Particle Sources: A Study Conducted in the Metropolitan Boston Area. Environmental Health Perspectives 108, 35-44.
2. Abt, E.; Suh, H. H.; Catalano, P.; Koutrakis, P. (2000 b) Relative Contribution of Outdoor and Indoor Particle Sources to Indoor Concentrations. Environmental Science & Technology 34, 3579-3587.
3. Baron, P. A.; Willeke, K. (Eds.) (2001) Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques and Applications, 2nd edition. Wiley-Interscience, New York.
4. Becker, K.; Seiwert, M.; Kraus, S.; Krause, C.; Schulz, C.; Seifert, B. (2002) German Environmental Survey 1998 (GERES III): Pesticides and Other Pollutants in House Dust. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate INDOOR AIR '02, Monterey, CA, Vol. 4, 883-887.
5. Bischof, W.; Koch, A.; Gehring, U.; Fahlbusch, B.; Wichmann, H. E.; Heinrich, J. (2002) Predictors of High Endotoxin Concentrations in the Settled Dust of German Homes. Indoor Air 12, 2-9.
6. Brauer, M.; Hirtle, R.; Lang, B.; Ott, W. (2000) Assessment of Indoor Fine Aerosol Contributions from Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Cooking with a Portable Nephelometer. Journal of Exposure Analysis & Environmental Epidemiology 10, 136-144.
7. Butte, W.; Walker, G. (1994) Sinn und Unsinn von Hausstaubuntersuchungen das Für und Wider. Hausstaub als Messparameter zum Erkennen einer Innenraumbelastung mit Permethrin, Pentachlorphenol und Lindan. VDI-Berichte Nr. 1122, VDIVerlag, Düsseldorf, 535-546.
8. Chao, C.; Tung, T.; Burnett, J. (1998) Influence of Different Indoor Activities on the Indoor Particulate Levels in Residential Buildings. Indoor and Built Environment 7, 110-121.
9. Chew, G. L.; Douwes, J.; Doekes, G.; Higgins, K. M.; van Strien, R.; Spithoven, J.; Brunekreef, B. (2001) Fungal Extracellular Polysaccharides, β-(1 → 3)-Glucans and Culturable Fungi in Repeated Sampling of House Dust. Indoor Air 11, 171-178.
10. Clayton, C. A.; Perritt, R. L.; Pellizzari, E. D.; Thomas, K. W.; Whitmore, R. W.; Wallace, L.; Özkaynak, H.; Spengler, D. (1993) Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (PTEAM) Study: Distributions of Aerosol and Elemental Concentrations in Personal, Indoor, and Outdoor Air Samples in a Southern Californian Community. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 3, 227-249.
11. Daisey, J. M.; Mahanama, K. R. R.; Hodgson, T. (1994) Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds in Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Emission Factors for Modelling Exposures of California Populations. Final Report. Contract No. A133-186. California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA.
12. Dieckow, P.; Ullrich, D.; Seifert, B. (Eds.) (1999) Vorkommen von polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen (PAK) in Wohnungen mit Parkettfuf?böden. WaBoLuHefte 2/1999, Berlin, Bundesgesundheitsamt.
13. Dockery, D. W.; Pope, C. A.; Xu, X.; Spengler, D.; Ware, J. H.; Fay, M. E.; Ferris, B. G.; Speizer, F. E. (1993) An Association between Air Pollution and Mortality in six U.S. Cities. New England Journal of Medicine 329, 1753-1759.
14. Dockery, D. W.; Schwartz, J.; Spengler, J. D. (1992) Air Pollution and Daily Mortality: Associations with Particulates and Acid Aerosols. Environmental Research 59, 362-373.
15. Edwards, R. D.; Yurkow, E. J.; Lioy, P. J. (1998) Seasonal Deposition of House Dusts onto Household Surfaces. The Science of the Total Environment 224, 69-80.
16. Eigen, M.; Winkler, R. (1993) Laws of the Game. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
17. Fine, P. M.; Cass, G. R.; Simoneit, B. R. T. (1999) Characterization of Fine Particle Emissions from Burning Church Candles. Environmental Science & Technology 33(14), 2352-2362.
18. Fisk, W. J.; Faulkner, D.; Sullivan, D.; Mendell, M. J. (2000) Particle Concentrations and Sizes with Normal and High Efficiency Air Filtration in a Sealed Air-Conditioned Office Building. Aerosol Science and Technology 32, 527-544.
19. Geller, M. D.; Chang, M.; Sioutas, C.; Ostro, B. D.; Lipsett, M. J. (2002) Indoor/Outdoor Relationship and Chemical Composition of Fine and Coarse Particles in the Southern California Deserts. Atmospheric Environment 36, 1099-1110.
20. Glikson, M.; Rutherford, S.; Simpson,R. W.; Mitchell, C. A.; Yago, A. (1995) Microscopic and Submicron Components of Atmospheric Particulate Matter During High Asthma Periods in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Atmospheric Environment 29, 549-562.
21. Hammond, S. K.; Leaderer, B. P.; Roche, C.; Hui, S. P. (1987) Collection and Analysis of Nicotine as a Marker for Environmental Tobacco Smoke. Atmospheric Environment 21, 457-462.
22. Hinds, W. C. (1982) Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles. Wiley, New York.
23. Hyvärinen, A.; Vahteristo, M.; Meklin, T.; Jantunen, M.; Nevalainen, A.; Moschndreas, D. (2001) Temporal and Spatial Variation of Fungal Concentration in Indoor Air. Aerosol Science and Technology 35, 688-695.
24. ISO 7708 (1995) Air Quality Particle Size Fraction Definitions for Health-Related Sampling.
25. Janssen, N. A.; Van Mansom, D. F. M.; Van der Jagt, K.; Harssema, H.; Hoek, G. (1997) Mass Concentration and Elemental Composition of Airborne Particulate Matter at Street and Background Locations. Atmospheric Environment 31, 1185-1193.
26. Jetter, J. J.; Guo, Z. S.; McBrian, J. A.; Flynn, M. R. (2002) Characterization of Emissions from Burning Incense. Science of the Total Environment 295, 51-67.
27. Kaye, B. H. (1994) A Random Walk Through Fractal Dimensions. VCH, Weinheim.
28. Kleeman, M. J.; Schauer, J. J.; Cass, G. R. (1999) Size and Composition Distribution of Fine Particulate Matter Emitted from Wood Burning, Meat Charbroiling, and Cigarettes. Environmental Science & Technology 33, 3516-3523.
29. Klepeis, N. E.; Ott, W. R.; Repace, J. L. (1999) The Effect of Cigar Smoking on Indoor Levels and Particles. Journal of Exposure Analysis & Environmental Epidemiology 9, 622-635.
30. Koutrakis, P.; Briggs, S. K.; Leaderer, B. P. (1992) Source Apportionment of Indoor Aerosols in Suffolk and Onondaga Counties, New York. Environmental Science & Technology 26, 521-527.
31. Lachenmyer, C.; Hidy, G. M. (2000) Urban Measurements of Outdoor-Indoor PM25 Concentrations and Personal Exposure in the Deep South. Part I. Pilot Study of Mass Concentrations for Non-Smoking Subjects. Aerosol Science and Technology 32, 34-51.
32. Lai, A. C. K. (2002) Particle Deposition Indoors: A Review. Indoor Air 12, 211-214 (summary version).
33. Lai, A. C. K.; Nazaroff, W. W. (2000) Modeling Indoor Particle Deposition from Turbulent Flow onto Smooth Surfaces. Journal of Aerosol Science 31, 463-476.
34. Leaderer, B. P.; Hammond, S. K. (1991) Evaluation of Vapour-Phase Nicotine and Respirable Suspended Particle Mass as Markers for Environmental Tobacco Smoke. Environmental Science & Technology 25, 770-777.
35. Lewis, S. (1995) Solid Particle Penetration into Enclosures. Journal of Hazardous Materials 43, 195-216.
36. Li, C.-S.; Jenq, F.-T.; Lin, W.-H. (1992) Field Characterization of Submicron Aerosols from Indoor Combustion Sources. Journal of Aerosol Science 23 (Suppl. 1), s547-s550.
37. Li, C.-S.; Lin, W.-H.; Jenq, F.-T. (1993) Characterization of Outdoor Submicron Particles and Selected Combustion Sources of Indoor Particles. Atmospheric Environment 27B(4), 413-424.
38. Lioy, P. J.; Wainman, T.; Zhang, J. F.; Goldsmith, S. (1999) Typical Household Vacuum Cleaners: The Collection Efficiency and Emissions Characteristics for Fine Particles. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 49, 200-206.
39. Lioy, P. J.; Edwards, R. D.; Freeman, N.; Gurunathan, S.; Pellizzari, E.; Adgate, J. L.; Quackenboss, J.; Sexton, K. (2000) House Dust Levels of Selected Insecticides and Herbicide Measured by the EL and LWW samplers and Comparisons to Hand Rinses and Urine Metabolites. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 10, 327-340.
40. Lioy, P. J.; Freeman, N. C. G.; Millette, J. R. (2002) Dust: A Metric for Use in Residential and Building Exposure Assessment and Source Characterization. Environmental Health Perspectives 110, 969-983.
41. Long, C. M.; Suh, H. H.; Catalano, P. J.; Koutrakis, P. (2001) Using Timeand Size-Resolved Particulate Data to Quantify Indoor Penetration and Deposition Behavior. Environmental Science & Technology 35, 2089-2099.
42. Löfroth, G.; Burton, R. M.; Forehand, L.; Hammond, K.; Seila, R. L.; Zweidinger, R. B.; Lewtas, J. (1989) Characterization of Environmental Tobacco Smoke. Environmental Science & Technology 23, 610-614.
43. Mathews, T.; Fischer, A. B.; Exner, S.; Eikmann, T. (1999) ECORISK Verfahren zur Expositionsund Risikoabschätzung in der Gefährdungsabschätzung und Sanierungsplanung von Altlasten. Teil 2: Ableitung von Sanierungszielwerten mittels probabilistischer Methoden. Umweltmedizin in Forschung & Praxis 4, 289-300.
44. Matthias-Maser, S.; Jaenicke, R. T. (1995) The Size Distribution of Primary Biological Aerosol Particles with Radii greater than 0.2 mm in an Urban Rural Influenced Region. Atmospheric Research 39, 279-286.
45. Meierhenrich, U. (1997) Nachweis und Toxikologie pyrethroider Verbindungen. Bremer Umwelt Institut, Reihe Umweltwissenschaften, Band I, Bremen.
46. Mølhave, L.; Schneider, T.; Kjærgaard, K.; Larsen, L.; Norn, S.; Jørgensen, O. (2000) House Dust in Seven Danish Offices. Atmospheric Environment 34, 4767-4779.
47. Morawska, L. (2000) Control of Particles Indoors State of the Art. Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2000, Espoo, Finland, Vol. 2, 9-20.
48. Morawska, L.; Bofinger, N.; Kosic, L.; Nwankowala, A. (1998 a) Submicron and Supermicron Particles from Diesel Vehicle Emissions. Environmental Science & Technology 32, 2033-2042.
49. Morawska, L.; Thomas, S.; Bofinger, N. D.; Wainwright, D.; Neale, D. (1998 b) Comprehensive Characterization of Aerosols in a Subtropical Urban Atmosphere: Particle Size Distribution and Correlation with Gaseous Pollutants. Atmospheric Environment 32, 2461-2478.
50. Mosley, R. B.; Greenwell, D. J.; Sparks, L. E.; Guo, Z.; Tucker, W. G.; Fortmann, R. C.; Whitfield, C. (2001) Penetration of Ambient Fine Particles into the Indoor Environment. Aerosol Science and Technology 34, 127-136.
51. Mukal, H.; Furuta, N.; Fujll, T.; Ambe, Y.; Sakamoto, K.; Hashimoto, Y. (1993) Characterization of Sources of Lead in the Urban Air of Asia using Ratios of Stable Lead Isotopes. Environmental Science & Technology 27, 1347-1356.
52. Nazaroff, W. W.; Hung, W. Y.; Sasse, G. B. M.; Gadgil, A. J. (1993) Predicting Regional Lung Deposition of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Particles. Aerosol Science & Technology 19, 243-254.
53. Ormstad, H.; Johnson, B. V.; Gaarder, P. L. (1998) Airborne House Dust Particles and Diesel Exhaust Particles as Allergen Carriers. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 28, 702-708.
54. Owen, M. K.; Ensor, D. S.; Sparks, L. E. (1992) Airborne Particle Sizes and Sources Found in Indoor Air. Atmospheric Environment 26A, 2149-2162.
55. Özkaynak, H.; Xue, J.; Spengler, D.; Wallace, L.; Pellizzari, E. D.; Jenkins, P. (1996) Personal Exposure to Airborne Particles and Metals: Results from the Particle Team Study in Riverside, CA. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 6, 57-78.
56. Özkaynak, H.; Xue, J.; Weker, R.; Butler, D.; Koutrakis, P.; Spengler, J. (1994) The Particle TEAM (PTEAM) Study: Analysis of the Data - Final Report, Vol. III. Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
57. Pedersen, E. K.; Bjorseth, O.; Syversen, T.; Mathiesen, M. (2001) Physical Changes of Indoor Dust Caused by Hot Surface Contact. Atmospheric Environment 35, 4149-4157.
58. Peitgen, H. O.; Richter, P. H. (1986) The Beauty of Fractals. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
59. Pope, C. A.; Schwartz, J.; Ransom, M. R. (1992) Daily Mortality and PM10 Pollution in Utah Valley. Archives of Environmental Health 47, 211-217.
60. Pope, C. A.; Thun, M. J.; Nambooditi, M. M.; Dockery, D. W.; Evans, J. S.; Speizer, F. E.; Heath, C. W. (1995) Particulate Air Pollution as a Predictor of Mortality in a Prospective Study of US Adults. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 151, 669-674.
61. Que Hee, S.; Peace, B.; Clark, C. S.; Boyle, J. R.; Boule, J. R; Bornschein, R. L.; Hammond, P. B. (1985) Evolution of Efficient Methods to Sample Lead Sources, such as House Dust and Hand Dust, in the Homes of Children. Environmental Research 38, 77-95.
62. Ristovski, Z.; Morawska, L.; Thomas, S.; Hitchins, J.; Greenaway, C.; Gilbert, D. (2000) Particle Emissions from Natural Gas Engines. Journal of Aerosol Science 31, 403-413.
63. Rosskamp, E.; Horn, W.; Ullrich, D.; Seifert, B. (1999) Aktuelle DDTund Lindan-Konzentrationen in Wohnräumen nach intensivem Holzschutzmitteleinsatz auf Dachböden in der Vergangenheit. Umweltmedizin in Forschung & Praxis 4, 354-360.
64. Rothschield, W.-G. (1998) Fractals in Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
65. Salthammer, T. (2001) Beurteilung der Belastung von Aufenthaltsräumen mit Pentachlorphenol anhand der PCP-Richtlinie. Umweltmedizin in Forschung & Praxis 6, 79-85.
66. Salthammer, T. (2003) unpublished results.
67. Samet, J. M. (2001) Radon, in The Indoor Air Quality Handbook. McGraw-Hill, New York, 40.1-40.19.
68. Sander, L. M. (1987) Fractal Growth. Scientific American, January '87, 94-101.
69. Schaefer, D. W.; Hurd, A. J. (1990) Growth and Structure of Combustion Aerosols. Aerosol Science and Technology 12, 876-890.
70. Schmidt-Ott, A. (1988) In Situ Measurement of the Fractal Dimensionality of Ultra-Fine Aerosol Particles. Applied Physics Letters 52, 954-956.
71. Schneider, T.; Sundell, J.; Bischof, W.; Bohgard, M.; Cherrie, J. W.; Clausen, P. A.; Dreborg, S.; Kildesø, J.; Kjærgaard, S. K.; Løvik, M.; Pasanen, P.; Skyberg, K. (2003) EUROPART: Airborne Particles in the Indoor Environment. A European Interdisciplinary Review of Scientific Evidence on Associations Between Exposure to Particles in Buildings and Health Effects. Indoor Air 13, 38-48.
72. Schwartz, J. (1994) What are People Dying from on High Air Pollution Days? Environmental Research 64, 26-35.
73. Schwela, D.; Morawska, L.; Kotzias, D. (Eds.) (2002) Guidelines for Concentration and Exposure-Response Measurements of Fine and Ultra-Fine Particulate Matter for Use in Epidemiological Studies. WHO, Geneva.
74. Seifert, B. (1998) Die Untersuchung von Hausstaub in Hinblick auf Expositionsabschätzungen. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 41, 383-391.
75. Seifert, B.; Becker, K.; Helm, D.; Krause, C.; Schulz, C.; Seiwert, M. (2000) The German Environmental Survey 1990/1992 (GerES II). Reference Concentrations of Selected Environmental Pollutants in Blood, Urine, Hair, House Dust, Drinking Water, and Indoor Air. Journal Exposure Analysis Environmental Epidemiology 10, 552-565.
76. Stubenrauch, S.; Hempfling, R.; Doetsch, P.; Grünhoff, D. (1999) Vorschläge zur Charakterisierung und Quantifizierung pfadübergreifender Schadstoffexpositionen. Zeitschrift für Umweltchemie & ökotoxikologie 11, 219-226.
77. Thatcher, T. L.; Lai, A. C. K.; Moreno-Jackson, R.; Sextro, R. G.; Nazaroff, W. W. (2002) Effects of Room Furnishings and Air Speed on Particle Deposition Rates Indoors. Atmospheric Environment 36, 1811-1819.
78. Thatcher, T. L.; Layton, D. W. (1995) Deposition, Resuspension, and Penetration of Particles Within a Residence. Atmospheric Environment 29, 1487-1497.
79. Thomas, K. W.; Pellizzari, E. D.; Clayton, C. A.; Whitaker, D.; Shores, R. C.; Spengler, D.; Özkaynak, H.; Froehlich, S.; Wallace, L. (1993) Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (PTEAM) 1990 Study: Method Performance and Data Quality for Personal, Indoor, and Outdoor Monitoring. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 3, 203-226.
80. UNSCEAR (2000) UNSCEAR Report 2000 United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Ionising Radiation, New York.
81. USEPA (1997) Exposure Factors Handbook. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington D.C
82. VDI 4300-8 (2001) Measurement of Indoor Air Pollution Sampling of House Dust. Beuth Verlag, Berlin.
83. Vejrup, K.; Wolkoff, P. (2002) Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates in Indoor Floor Dust. The Science of the Total Environment 300, 51-58.
84. Vette, A. F.; Rea, A. W.; Lawless, P. A.; Rodes, C. E.; Evans, G.; Highsmith, V. R.; Sheldon, L. (2001) Characterization of Indoor-Outdoor Aerosol Concentration Relationships during the Fresno PM Exposure Studies. Aerosol Science and Technology 34, 118-126.
85. Walker, G.; Hostrup, O.; Hoffmann, W.; Butte, W. (1999) Biozide im Hausstaub. Gefahrstoffe - Reinhaltung der Luft 59, 33-41.
86. Wallace, L. (1996) Indoor Particles: A Review. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 46, 98-127.
87. Wallace, L. (2000) Real-Time Monitoring of Particles, PAH, and CO in an Occupied Townhouse. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 15, 39-47.
88. Weschler, C. J.; Shields, H. C. (1999) Indoor Ozone/Terpene Reactions as a Source of Indoor Particles. Atmospheric Environment 33, 2301-2312.
89. Whitby, K. T. (1987) The Physical Properties of Sulphur Aerosols. Atmospheric Environment 12, 135-159.
90. WHO (1999) World Health Organization Health Guidelines for Vegetation Fire Events. WHO, Geneva.
91. Williams, R.; Creason, J.; Zweidinger, R.; Watts, R.; Sheldon, L.; Shy, C. (2000) Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal Exposure Monitoring of Particulate Air Pollution: The Baltimore Elderly Epidemiology Exposure Pilot Study. Atmospheric Environment 34, 4193-4204.
92. Wilson, W. E.; Mage, D. T.; Grant, L. D. (2000) Estimating Separately Personal Exposure to Ambient and Non-Ambient Particulate Matter for Epidemiology and Risk Assessment: Why and How. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 50, 1167-1183.
93. Witten, T. A.; Sander, L. M. (1981) Diffusion-Limited Aggregation, a Kinetic Critical Phenomenon. Physical Reviews Letters 47, 1400-1403.
94. Wolfram, S. (2002) A New Kind of Science, Champaign. Wolfram Media, Inc. Wolkoff, P.; Schneider, T.; Kildesø, J.; Degerth, R.; Jaroszewski, M.; Schunk, H. (1998) Risk in Cleaning: Chemical and Physical Exposure. The Science of the Total Environment 215, 135-156.
95. Yeh, H. C.; Phalen, R. F.; Raabe O. G. (1976) Factors Influencing the Deposition of Inhaled Particles. Enviromental Health Perspectives 15, 147-156.