The Geography of Mental Health and General Wellness in Galveston Bay after Hurricane Ike: A Spatial Epidemiologic Study with Longitudinal Data

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 261-273

  Gruebner, Oliver ^a   Lowe, Sarah R ^a   Tracy, Melissa ^b   Cerdá, Magdalena ^a   Joshi, Spruha ^a   Norris, Fran H ^c   Galea, Sandro ^d  

^a Department of Medicine   (United States)

^b STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^c DARTMOUTH MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^d BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

geographic mapping; mental disorders; natural disasters; post traumatic stress disorders; psychological resilience

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; COHORT ANALYSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHY; HUMAN; HURRICANE; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; MENTAL STRESS; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE; PSYCHOLOGY; RISK FACTOR; STANDARDS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; SURVIVOR; TEXAS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; COHORT STUDIES; CYCLONIC STORMS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHY; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; MIDDLE AGED; RESILIENCE, PSYCHOLOGICAL; RISK FACTORS; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; SURVIVORS; TEXAS;

EID: 84955606734     PISSN: 19357893     EISSN: 1938744X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2015.172     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Goldmann E, Galea S. Mental health consequences of disasters. Annu Rev Public Health. 2014;35(1):169-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/ annurev-publhealth-032013-182435.
2. Kar N, Bastia BK. Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and generalised anxiety disorder in adolescents after a natural disaster: a study of comorbidity. Clin Pract Epidemol Ment Health. 2006;2(1):17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-0179-2-17.
3. Agaibi CE, Wilson JP. Trauma, PTSD, and resilience: a review of the literature. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2005;6(3):195-216. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/1524838005277438.
4. Ginexi EM, Weihs K, Simmens SJ, et al. Natural disaster and depression: a prospective investigation of reactions to the 1993 midwest floods. Am J Community Psychol. 2000;28(4):495-518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/ A:1005188515149.
5. Nandi A, Tracy M, Beard JR, et al. Patterns and predictors of trajectories of depression after an urban disaster. Ann Epidemiol. 2009; 19(11):761-770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.06.005.
6. Norris FH, Tracy M, Galea S. Looking for resilience: understanding the longitudinal trajectories of responses to stress. Soc Sci Med. 2009; 68(12):2190-2198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.03.043.
7. Lowe SR, Rhodes JE. Trajectories of psychological distress among low-income, female survivors of Hurricane Katrina. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2013;83(2-3):398-412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajop.12019.
8. Norris FH, Stevens SP, Pfefferbaum B, et al. Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness. Am J Community Psychol. 2008;41(1-2):127-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s10464-007-9156-6.
9. Lowe SR, Joshi S, Pietrzak RH, et al. Mental health and general wellness in the aftermath of Hurricane Ike. Soc Sci Med. 2014;124C:162-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.11.032.
10. Curtis A, Mills JW, Leitner M. Katrina and vulnerability: the geography of stress. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2007;18(2):315-330. http://dx. doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2007.0029.
11. DiMaggio C, Galea S, Emch M. Spatial proximity and the risk of psychopathology after a terrorist attack. Psychiatry Res. 2010; 176(1):55-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.10.035.
12. Maghrabi K. Impact of flood disaster on the mental health of residents in the Eastern Region of Jeddah Governorate, 2010: a study in medical geography. Life Science Journal-Acta Zhengzhou University Overseas Edition. 2012;9(1):95-110.
13. National Hurricane Center. NHC GIS Archive-Probabilistic Storm Surge Forecasts. National Hurricane Center website. http://www.nhc. noaa.gov/gis/. Accessed January 11, 2016.
14. National Hurricane Center. Tropical Cyclone Best Track. National Hurricane Center website. http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/gis/archive- besttrack.php. Accessed December 29, 2015.
15. Berg R. Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Ike. http://www.nhc.noaa. gov/data/tcr/AL092008-Ike.pdf. Published January 23, 2009. Accessed December 29, 2015.
16. Pietrzak RH, Southwick SM, Tracy M, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and perceived needs for psychological care in older persons affected by Hurricane Ike. J Affect Disord. 2012;138(1-2):96-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.018.
17. Pietrzak RH, Tracy M, Galea S, et al. Resilience in the face of disaster: prevalence and longitudinal course of mental disorders following Hurricane Ike. 2012;7(6):e38964. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0038964.
18. Tracy M, Norris FH, Galea S. Differences in the determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression after a mass traumatic event. Depress Anxiety. 2011;28(8):666-675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.20838.
19. American Association for Public Opinion Research. Standard definitions: Final dispositions of case codes and outcome rates for surveys. http://www. aapor.org/AAPORKentico/Communications/AAPOR-Journals/Standard-Definitions.aspx. Published 2011. Accessed October 30, 2014.
20. Blanchard EB, Jones-Alexander J, Buckley TC, et al. Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Behav Res Ther. 1996; 34(8):669-673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(96)00033-2.
21. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL. The PHQ-9: a new depression diagnostic and severity measure. Psychiatr Ann. 2002;32(9):509-515. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3928/0048-5713-20020901-06.
22. Norris FH, Hamblen JL, Brown LM, et al. Validation of the Short Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (expanded version, Sprint-E) as a measure of postdisaster distress and treatment need. Am J Disaster Med. 2008;3(4):201-212.
23. Moriarty DG, Zack MM, Kobau R. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Healthy Days Measures-population tracking of perceived physical and mental health over time. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003; 1(1):37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-1-37.
24. Breslau N, Kessler RC, Chilcoat HD, Schultz LR, Davis GC, Andreski P. Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: the 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998; 55(7):626-632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.7.626.
25. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
26. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606-613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.
27. Bracha HS, Williams AE, Haynes SN, et al. The STRS (shortness of breath, tremulousness, racing heart, and sweating): A brief checklist for acute distress with panic-like autonomic indicators; development and factor structure. Ann Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2004;3(1):8. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1186/1475-2832-3-8.
28. Barrera M Jr, Sandler IN, Ramsay TB. Preliminary development of a scale of social support: studies on college students. Am J Community Psychol. 1981;9(4):435-447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ BF00918174.
29. Kaniasty K, Norris FH. Help-seeking comfort and receiving social support: the role of ethnicity and context of need. Am J Community Psychol. 2000;28(4):545-581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:10051926 16058.
30. Sampson RJ, Raudenbush SW, Earls F. Neighborhoods and violent crime: a multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science. 1997;277(5328): 918-924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5328.918.
31. Lochner K, Kawachi I, Kennedy BP. Social capital: a guide to its measurement. Health Place. 1999;5(4):259-270. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/S1353-8292(99)00016-7.
32. Echeverria MSE, Diez-Roux DAV, Link DBG. Reliability of self-reported neighborhood characteristics. J Urban Health. 2004;81(4):682-701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jurban/jth151.
33. Waller LA, Gotway CA. Applied Spatial Statistics for Public Health Data. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &Sons; 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ 0471662682.
34. Gruebner O, Khan MMH, Hostert P. Spatial epidemiological applications in public health research: examples from the megacity of Dhaka. In: Health in Megacities and Urban Areas. Vol Contributions to Statistics. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD; 2011:243-261. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/978-3-7908-2733-0-16.
35. Kulldorff M. A spatial scan statistic. Commun Stat Theory Methods. 1997;26(6):1481-1496. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0361092970883 1995.
36. Kulldorff M. SaTScan User Guide. Vol 9 ed. Boston: Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care; 2015:1-113. http://www.satscan.org/.
37. Bivand RS, Pebesma EJ, Gomez-Rubio V. Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R. New York: Springer; 2008.
38. Venables WN, Ripley BD. Modern Applied Statistics with S. New York: Springer; 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21706-2.
39. R Development Core Team. R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2013.
40. Brunsdon C, Fotheringham AS, Charlton ME. Geographically weighted regression: a method for exploring spatial nonstationarity. Geogr Anal. 1996;28(4):281-298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1996.tb00936.x.
41. Wheeler DC, Páez A. Geographically weighted regression. In: Handbook of Applied Spatial Analysis. Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2010:461-486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03647-7-22.
42. Nakaya T. GWR4 User Manual. Nakaya T, Charlton M, Lewis P, et al, eds. https://geodacenter.asu.edu/drupal-files/gwr/GWR4manual.pdf. Published June 2, 2009. Updated March 12, 2014. Accessed December 29, 2015.
43. Nakaya T, Fotheringham AS, Charlton M, et al. Semiparametric geographically weighted generalised linear modelling in GWR 4.0. http://www.geocomputation.org/2009/PDF/Nakaya-et-al.pdf. Published 2009. Accessed December 29, 2015.
44. Nakaya T. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) Software. GWR 4.0. ASU GeoDa Center website. https://geodacenter.asu.edu/ gwr-software. 2014. Accessed December 29, 2015.
45. Pynoos RS, Frederick C, Nader K, et al. Life threat and posttraumatic stress in school-age children. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987;44(12):1057-1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800240031005.
46. Rego JL, Li C. Storm surge propagation in Galveston Bay during Hurricane Ike. J Mar Syst. 2010;82(4):265-279. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.06.001.
47. Acierno R, Ruggiero KJ, Kilpatrick DG, et al. Risk and protective factors for psychopathology among older versus younger adults after the 2004 Florida Hurricanes. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006;14(12):1051-1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.JGP.0000221327.97904.b0.
48. Gibbs MS. Factors in the victim that mediate between disaster and psychopathology: a review. J Trauma Stress. 1989;2(4):489-514. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.2490020411.
49. Norris FH, Friedman MJ, Watson PJ, et al. 60,000 disaster victims speak: part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981-2001. Psychiatry. 2002;65(3):207-239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/psyc.65.3.207. 20173.
50. Kawachi I, Subramanian SV, Kim D. Social capital and health. New York: Springer; 2008:1-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71311-3-1.
51. McKenzie K, Harpham T. Social Capital and Mental Health. Philadelphia, PA: Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2006.
52. Cohen DA, Inagami S, Finch B. The built environment and collective efficacy. Health Place. 2008;14(2):198-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. healthplace.2007.06.001.
53. Luthar SS, Cicchetti D, Becker B. The construct of resilience: a critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Dev. 2000; 71(3):543-562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00164.