Role of the private sector in childbirth care: Cross-sectional survey evidence from 57 low- and middle-income countries using Demographic and Health Surveys

Tropical Medicine and International Health

Volumn 20, Issue 12, 2015, Pages 1657-1673

  Benova, Lenka ^a   Macleod, David ^a   Footman, Katharine ^a   Cavallaro, Francesca ^a   Lynch, Caroline A ^a   Campbell, Oona M R ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Caesarean section; Delivery care; Demographic and Health Surveys; Multicountry analysis; Private sector; Skilled birth attendant

Indexed keywords

CHILD CARE; CHILDBEARING; DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY; EQUITY; HEALTH SURVEY; LOW INCOME POPULATION; MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL; MORTALITY; PRIVATE SECTOR; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CESAREAN SECTION; CHILDBIRTH; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HEALTH AUXILIARY; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH PRACTITIONER; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INTRAPARTUM CARE; LOWEST INCOME GROUP; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; ASIA; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; EUROPE; HEALTH SERVICE; INCOME; MATERNAL MORTALITY; MIDDLE AGED; MIDDLE EAST; MIDWIFE; OBSTETRIC DELIVERY; PREGNANCY; PROCEDURES; SOCIAL CLASS; SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA; STANDARDS; UTILIZATION; YOUNG ADULT;

ASIA; LATIN AMERICA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; ASIA; CESAREAN SECTION; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DELIVERY, OBSTETRIC; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; EUROPE; FEMALE; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HUMANS; INCOME; LATIN AMERICA; MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES; MATERNAL MORTALITY; MIDDLE AGED; MIDDLE EAST; MIDWIFERY; PREGNANCY; PRIVATE SECTOR; PUBLIC SECTOR; SOCIAL CLASS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84955198862     PISSN: 13602276     EISSN: 13653156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12598     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Lozano R, Wang H, Foreman KJ et al. Progress towards Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 on maternal and child mortality: an updated systematic analysis. Lancet 2011: 378: 1139-1165.
2. WHO, Unicef, UNFPA, The World Bank. Trends in Maternal Mortality 1990 to 2010. World Health Organization: Geneva, 2012.
3. Moyer CA, Dako-Gyeke P, Adanu RM. Facility-based delivery and maternal and early neonatal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: a regional review of the literature. Afr J Reprod Health 2013: 17: 30-43.
4. Campbell O, Graham W. Strategies for reducing maternal mortality: getting on with what works. Lancet 2006: 368: 1284-1299.
5. Lawn JE, Blencowe H, Oza S et al. Every Newborn: progress, priorities, and potential beyond survival. Lancet 2014: 384: 189-205.
6. United Nations. Millennium Development Report 2013. United Nations: New York, 2013.
7. Barros AJ, Ronsmans C, Axelson H et al. Equity in maternal, newborn, and child health interventions in Countdown to 2015: a retrospective review of survey data from 54 countries. Lancet 2012: 379: 1225-1233.
8. Bustreo F, Say L, Koblinsky M et al. Ending preventable maternal deaths: the time is now. Lancet Glob Health 2013: 2: e323-333.
9. Marek T, O'Farrel C, Yamamoto C, Zable I. Trends and Opportunities in Public-Private Partnerships to Improve Health Service Delivery in Africa. World Bank: Washington, DC, 2005.
10. Peters DH, Mirchandani GG, Hansen PM. Strategies for engaging the private sector in sexual and reproductive health: how effective are they? Health Policy Plan 2004: 19(Suppl 1): i5-i21.
11. Montagu D, Anglemyer A, Tiwari M et al. Private Versus Public Strategies for Health Service Provision for Improving Health Outcomes in Resource-Limited Settings. Global Health Sciences, University of California at San Francisco: San Francisco, CA, 2011.
12. Patouillard E, Goodman C, Hanson K, Mills A. Can working with the private for-profit sector improve utilization of quality health services by the poor? A systematic review of the literature. Int J Equity Health 2007: 6: 17 doi:10.1186/1475-9276-6-17.
13. Campbell OM, Benova L, MacLeod D et al. Family planning, antenatal and delivery care: cross-sectional survey evidence on levels of coverage and inequalities by public and private sector in 57 low- and middle-income countries. Under review with Lancet Glob Health, 2015.
14. Gwatkin D, Rutstein S, Johnson K et al. Socioeonomic Differences in Health, Nutrition, and Population Within Developing Countries. World Bank: Washington, DC, 2007.
15. Powell-Jackson T, Macleod D, Benova L, Lynch C, Campbell OM. The role of the private sector in the provision of antenatal care: a study of Demographic and Health Surveys from 46 low- and middle-income countries. Trop Med Int Health 2014: 20: 230-239.
16. Montagu D, Yamey G, Visconti A, Harding A, Yoong J. Where do poor women in developing countries give birth? A multi-country analysis of demographic and health survey data. PLoS One 2011: 6: e17155.
17. World Health Organization. Making Pregnancy Safer: The Critical Role of the Skilled Attendant. World Health Organization: Geneva, 2004.
18. WHO. Proportion of births attended by a skilled attendant: 2008 updates, 2008.
19. García Prado A, Cortez R. Maternity waiting homes and institutional birth in Nicaragua: policy options and strategic implications. Int J Health Plann Manage 2012: 27: 150-166.
20. Footman K, Benova L, Goodman C et al. Using multi-country household surveys to understand who provides reproductive and maternal health services in low and middle-income countries: a critical appraisal of the Demographic and Health Surveys. Tropical Med Int Health 2015: 20: 589-606.
21. Cavallaro FL, Cresswell JA, Franca GV et al. Trends in caesarean delivery by country and wealth quintile: cross-sectional surveys in southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Bull World Health Organ 2013: 91: 914D-922D.
22. Belizan JM, Althabe F, Barros FC, Alexander S. Rates and implications of caesarean sections in Latin America: ecological study. BMJ 1999: 319: 1397-1400.
23. Jurdi R, Khawaja M. Caesarean section rates in the Arab region: a cross-national study. Health Policy Plan 2004: 19: 101-110.
24. Filmer D, Pritchett LH. Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data-or tears: an application to educational enrollments in states of India. Demography 2001: 38: 115-132.
25. United Nations. The Millenium Development Goals Report 2013. United Nations: New York, 2013.
26. Bell J, Curtis SL & Alayón S. Trends in Delivery Care in Six Countries. ORC Macro and International Research Partnership for Skilled Attendance for Everyone (SAFE): Calverton, MD, 2003.
27. International Finance Corporation. The Business of Health in Africa: Partnering with the Private Sector to Improve People's Lives. World Bank: Washington, DC, 2007.
28. Yoong J, Burger N, Spreng C, Sood N. Private sector participation and health system performance in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS One 2010: 5: e13243.
29. Kagawa RC, Anglemyer A, Montagu D. The scale of faith based organization participation in health service delivery in developing countries: systematic [corrected] review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012: 7: e48457.
30. Houweling TA, Ronsmans C, Campbell OM, Kunst AE. Huge poor-rich inequalities in maternity care: an international comparative study of maternity and child care in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 2007: 85: 745-754.
31. Brugha R, Pritze-Aliassime S. Promoting safe motherhood through the private sector in low- and middle-income countries. Bull World Health Organ 2003: 81: 616-623.
32. Limwattananon S, Tangcharoensathien V, Sirilak S. Trends and inequities in where women delivered their babies in 25 low-income countries: evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys. Reprod Health Matters 2011: 19: 75-85.
33. Tey NP, Lai SL. Correlates of and barriers to the utilization of health services for delivery in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. ScientificWorldJournal 2013: 2013: 423403.
34. Pomeroy AM, Koblinsky M, Alva S. Who gives birth in private facilities in Asia? A look at six countries. Health Policy Plan 2014: 29(Suppl 1): i38-i47.
35. World Health Organization. Making Pregnancy Safer: The Critical Role of the Skilled Attendant. A Joint Statement by WHO, ICM and FIGO. World Health Organization: Geneva, 2004.
36. Vogel JP, Betran AP, Widmer M et al. Role of faith-based and nongovernment organizations in the provision of obstetric services in 3 African countries. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 207, 495.e491-495.e497.
37. Betran AP, Merialdi M, Lauer JA et al. Rates of caesarean section: analysis of global, regional and national estimates. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2007: 21: 98-113.
38. Volpe FM. Correlation of Cesarean rates to maternal and infant mortality rates: an ecologic study of official international data. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2011: 29: 303-308.
39. McClure EM, Goldenberg RL, Bann CM. Maternal mortality, stillbirth and measures of obstetric care in developing and developed countries. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007: 96: 139-146.
40. Ronsmans C, Holtz S, Stanton C. Socioeconomic differentials in caesarean rates in developing countries: a retrospective analysis. Lancet 2006: 368: 1516-1523.
41. Villar J, Valladares E, Wojdyla D et al. Caesarean delivery rates and pregnancy outcomes: the 2005 WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health in Latin America. Lancet 2006: 367: 1819-1829.
42. Ganguly P, Jehan K, de Costa A, Mavalankar D, Smith H. Considerations of private sector obstetricians on participation in the state led "Chiranjeevi Yojana" scheme to promote institutional delivery in Gujarat, India: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014: 14: 352.
43. Hanson K, Gilson L, Goodman C et al. Is Private Health Care the Answer to the Health Problems of the World's Poor? PLoS Med 2008: 5: e233.
44. Murray SF. Relation between private health insurance and high rates of caesarean section in Chile: qualitative and quantitative study. BMJ 2000: 321: 1501-1505.
45. Deng W, Klemetti R, Long Q et al. Cesarean section in Shanghai: women's or healthcare provider's preferences? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014: 14: 285.
46. Gibbons L, Belizán J, Lauer J et al. The Global Numbers and Costs of Additionally Needed and Unnecessary Caesarean Sections Performed per Year: Overuse as a Barrier to Universal Coverage. World Health Organization: Geneva, 2010.