Decision Development in Small Groups II: A Study of Multiple Sequences in Decision Making1

Communication Monographs

Volumn 50, Issue 3, 1983, Pages 206-232

  Poole, Marshall Scott ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84954722562     PISSN: 03637751     EISSN: 14795787     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03637758309390165     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. This paper was completed while the author was on leave at the Department of Communication at the University of Michigan. The author wishes to express his gratitude to Joseph Folger and Robert D. McPhee for their helpful comments.
2. Robert F. Bales and Fred L. Strodtbeck, “Phases in Group Problem-Solving,” journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 46 (1951), 485.
3. Bruce W. Tuckman, “Developmental Sequence in Small Groups,” Psychological Bulletin, 63 (1965), 384
4. B. Aubrey Fisher, “Decision Emergence: Phases in Group Decision-Making,” Speech Monographs, 37 (1970), 53
5. Edward A. Mabry, “Exploratory Analysis of a Developmental Model for Task-Oriented Small Groups,” Human Communication Research, 2 (1975), 66.
6. Marshall S. Poole, “Decision Development in Small Groups I: A Comparison of Two Models,” Communication Monographs, 48 (1981), 1.
7. Randy Hirokawa, “Group Communication and Problem-Solving Effectiveness: An Investigation of Group Phases,” Unpublished ms., Pennsylvania State University, 1981
8. U. A. Segal, “The Cyclical Nature of Decision-Making,” Small Group Behavior, 13 (1982), 333
9. Teresa A. Chandler, “Decision-Making in Small Groups: A Comparison of Two Models,” Master's Thesis Cleveland State University 1981
10. Henry Mintzberg, Duru Raisinghani, and Andre Theoret, “The Structure of ‘Unstructured’ Decision Processes,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 21 (1976), 246
11. E. Witte, “Field Research on Complex Decision-Making Processes—The Phase Theorem,” International Studies in Management and Organization, 3 (1972), 156.
12. Fisher, “Decision Emergence.”
13. Robert F. Bales, “The Equilibrium Problem in Small Groups,” in Working Papers of the Theory of Action, ed Talcott Parsons, Robert Bales, and E Shils (New York Free Press, 1953), p 111
14. Poole, “Decision Development,” pp. 5-6.
15. Marshall S. Poole, “A Test of Four Models of Decision Development in Small Groups,” Diss. University of Wisconsin-Madison 1981.
16. Robert F. Bales, Interaction Process Analysis: A Method for the Study of Small Groups (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1950)
17. Fisher, “Decision Emergence”
18. see Poole, “Decision Development I,” p. 7 for a list of categories employed in this study.
19. Poole, “A Test,” Ch. 3
20. Marshall S. Poole and Joseph P. Folger, “A Method for Assessing the Representational Validity of Interaction Coding Systems: Do We See What They See?” Human Communication Research, 8 (1981), 26.
21. Ole R. Holsti, Content Analysis for the Social Sciences and Humanities (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1969), pp. 140-44.
22. The interact, an act-response pair, has been advanced as the key unit of interaction. See, for example, Karl E. Weick, The Social Psychology of Organizing (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1969.)
23. Harold R. Dickman, “The Perception of Behavioral Units,” in The Stream of Behavior, ed. Roger Barker (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1963), pp. 23-41
24. E. Wartella, “Children's Perceptual Unitizing of A Televised Behavior Sequence,” Association for Education in Journalism Conference, Seattle, WA, 1978.
25. For a summary, see Norman R. F. Maier, “Assets and Liabilities in Group Problem Solving: The Need for an Integrative Function,” Psychological Review, 74 (1967), 239-49.
26. Poole, “Decision Development I,” pp. 12-17
27. see also Poole, “A Test,” chs. 4 and 5 for a detailed description of the procedures and criteria used to derive clusters.
28. Poole, “Decision Development I,” pp. 16-17.
29. Poole, “Decision Development I,” pp. 4-5.
30. Bales, “Equilibrium Problem.”
31. Holsti, pp. 140-41.
32. Jay Hall and W. H. Watson, “The Effects of a Normative Intervention on Group Decision-Making Performance,” Human Relations, 23 (1970), 299-317
33. T. Knutson, “An Experimental Study of the Effects of Orientation Behavior on Small Group Consensus,” Speech Monographs, 39 (1972), 159-65.
34. I. L. Janis, Victims of Groupthink (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972).
35. Bales, “Equilibrium Problem”
36. B. A. Fisher, Small Group Decision-Making, 2nd ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980), pp. 142-44.
37. Alan Sillars, “Attributions and Communication in Roommate Conflicts,” Communication Monographs, 47 (1980), 180-200
38. See Kenneth Burke, Language as Symbolic Action Essays in Life, Literature, and Method (Berkeley Urniversity of California Press, 1966), pp. 34-36
39. Counterstatement, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957), pp. 124-83 passim for two of Burke's discussions of this distinction.
40. See, for example, the discussion of anti-stage positions in developmental psychology in C. F. Feldman and S. Toulmin, “Logic and the Theory of Mind,” in Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, ed. William J. Arnold and James K. Cole (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1975).
41. Poole, “A Test,” p. 547 considers one example of the combination of qualitative and quantitative descriptions.
42. Ernest Bormann, “The Paradox and Promise of Small Group Research,” Speech Monographs, 37 (1970), 211-15.
43. Fisher, “Decision Emergence”