Consent in the Law

Consent in the Law

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-388

  Beyleveld, Deryck ^a   Brownsword, Roger ^b  

^a DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84954182061     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (186)

1. George P Fletcher, Basic Concepts of Legal Thought (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1996) at 109
2. Randy E Barnett, ‘A Consent Theory of Contract’ (1986) 86 Col LR 269.
3. Alan Gewirth, Reason and Morality (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1978).
4. Sheila McLean, Consent and the Law, DoH Consultation Paper (London, Department of Health, 1997).
5. Wesley N Hohfeld, Fundamental Legal Conceptions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1964).
6. HLA Hart, The Concept of Law (Oxford, The Clarendon Press, 1961).
7. Duncan Kennedy, ‘Distributive and Paternalist Motives in Contract and Tort Law, with Special Reference to Compulsory Terms and Unequal Bargaining Power’ (1982) 41 Maryland Law Review 563, at 582.
8. Roger Brownsword, ‘Individualism, Cooperativism and an Ethic for European Contract Law’ (2001) 64 Modern Law Review 628.
9. Deryck Beyleveld and Roger Brownsword, ‘Ethics Committees: Public Interest, Private Interest, and the Ethics of Partnership’ in Guy Lebeer (ed), Ethical Function in Hospital Ethics Committees (Amsterdam, IOS Press, 2002) at 135.
10. Vanessa Laird, ‘Reflections on R v R’ (1992) 55 Modern Law Review 386.
11. Lord Justice Auld’s Review of the Criminal Courts of England and Wales (London, The Stationery Office, 2001) at 434–44.
12. Lon L Fuller, ‘The Forms and Limits of Adjudication’ (1978–79) 92 Harvard Law Review 353, at 357–62.
13. Joel Feinberg’s essay ‘Legal Paternalism’ in his collection, Rights, Justice, and the Bounds of Liberty (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1980).
14. Shayana Kadidal, ‘Obscenity in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction’ (1996) 44 American Journal of Comparative Law 353.
15. Marie-Christine Roualt’s note on the two decisions, Les Petites Affiches (24 January 1996: No 11) 30, at 32.
16. Bernard Edelman, ‘La Dignité de la Personne Humaine, un Concept Nouveau’, Recueil Dalloz 1997, 23e Cahier, Chronique, 185, at 187–88.
17. Dawn Oliver, ‘The Underlying Values of Public and Private Law’ in Michael Taggart (ed), The Province of Administrative Law (Oxford, Hart Publishing, 1997) at 217–42.
18. Glanville Williams, ‘Consent and Public Policy’ [1962] Criminal Law Review 74, at 74.
19. Lon L Fuller, ‘The Case of the Speluncean Explorers’ (1948–49) 62 Harvard Law Review 616.
20. James Gordley (ed), The Enforceability of Promises in European Contract Law (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001), at 118–50.
21. Deryck Beyleveld and Roger Brownsword, Human Dignity in Bioethics and Biolaw (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001), ch 8 (for our ‘rule-preclusionary’ analysis of property rights).
22. Sabine Michalowski, ‘Court-Authorised Caesarean Sections—The End of a Trend?’ (1999) 62 Modern Law Review 115.
23. Caroline Bridge, ‘Religious Beliefs and Teenage Refusal of Medical Treatment’ (1999) 62 Modern Law Review 585.
24. JV McHale, ‘Regulating Genetic Databases: Some Legal and Ethical Issues’ (2004) 12 Medical Law Review 70
25. Roger Brownsword, ‘Biobank Governance: Business as Usual?’ (paper given at conference on ‘Property in Human Tissue’ held at the University of Tübingen, 21–22 January 2005).
26. John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (London, Oxford University Press, 1972).
27. Roger Brownsword, ‘Bioethics Today, Bioethics Tomorrow: Stem Cell Research and the “Dignitarian Alliance” ’ (2003) 17 Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics and Public Policy 15.
28. Roger Brownsword, ‘The Relaxin Opposition Revisited’ (2001) 9 Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik 3.
29. Deryck Beyleveld and Roger Brownsword, Law as a Moral Judgment (London, Sweet and Maxwell, 1986)
30. Deryck Beyleveld and Roger Brownsword, Human Dignity in Bioethics and Biolaw (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001) at 106–8.
31. Deryck Beyleveld, The Dialectical Necessity of Morality: An Analysis and Defense of Alan Gewirth’s Argument to the Principle of Generic Consistency. (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1991).
32. Richard B Brandt, ‘The Future of Ethics’ (1981) 15 Nous 31–40, at 39–40.
33. Gewirth’s ‘Argument from the Sufficiency of Agency’ (ASA) in Reason and Morality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978) at 109–10.
34. Deryck Beyleveld and Roger Brownsword, Human Dignity in Bioethics and Biolaw (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001) at 75.
35. Deryck Beyleveld, The Dialectical Necessity of Morality: An Analysis and Defense of Alan Gewirth’s Argument to the Principle of Generic Consistency. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991) at 47–56.
36. Michael Boylan, Basic Ethics (Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 2000) at 199.
37. Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals (originally published in 1785), trs with an Introduction by HJ Paton as The Moral Law (London, Hutchinson, 1948) at 89.
38. Deryck Beyleveld and Roger Brownsword, Human Dignity in Bioethics and Biolaw (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001) at 91–92
39. Scott Davidson, Human Rights (Buckingham, Open University Press, 1993) 5.
40. Deryck Beyleveld, ‘The Moral Status of the Human Embryo and Fetus’, in Hille Haker and Deryck Beyleveld (eds), The Ethics of Genetics in Human Procreation (Aldershot, Ashgate, 2000) 59–85, at 62–64 and 75–77.
41. Deryck Beyleveld and Shaun Pattinson, ‘Horizontal Applicability and Horizontal Effect’ (2002) 118 Law Quarterly Review 623–46.
42. Deryck Beyleveld and Roger Brownsword, Human Dignity in Bioethics and Biolaw (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001) at 79–86, for further reflections on the PGC and human rights.
43. RM Hare, Moral Thinking: Its Levels, Method and Point (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1981), especially chs 5–6.
44. Alan Gewirth, ‘The Rationality of Reasonableness’ (1983) 57 Synthese 225–47.
45. Neil MacCormick, ‘Gewirth’s Fallacy’ (1984) 9/2 Queen’s Law Journal 351
46. Alan Gewirth, Reason and Morality (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1978) at 53–54.
47. Alan Gewirth, Reason and Morality (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1978) at 121–22; 142–45.
48. Deryck Beyleveld and Shaun Pattinson, ‘Precautionary Reason as the Link to Moral Action’, in Michael Boylan (ed), Medical Ethics (Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 2000) at 39–53
49. Deryck Beyleveld, ‘The Moral Status of the Human Embryo and Fetus’, in Hille Haker and Deryck Beyleveld (eds), The Ethics of Genetics in Human Procreation. (Aldershot, Ashgate, 2000) at 59–85
50. Deryck Beyleveld and Roger Brownsword, Human Dignity in Bioethics and Biolaw (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001) ch 6.
51. Alan Gewirth, Reason and Morality (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1978) at 216.
52. DN MacCormick, ‘Law as Institutional Fact’ (1974) 90 Law Quarterly Review 102
53. HLA Hart, ‘Bentham on Legal Rights’, in AWB Simpson (ed), Oxford Essays in Jurisprudence (Second Series) (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973) at 171–201, especially at 179.
54. David R Johnson and David Post, ‘Law and Borders: The Rise of Law in Cyberspace’ (1996) 48 Stanford Law Review 1367
55. Lawrence Lessig, Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace (New York, Basic Books, 1999) ch 14.
56. Kirsty Scott, ‘Court annuls arranged marriage’ (2002) The Guardian, April 24, p 9.
57. Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld, Fundamental Legal Conceptions (ed Walter Wheeler Cook) (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1923).
58. DN MacCormick, ‘Rights in Legislation’ in PMS Hacker and J Raz (eds), Law, Morality, and Society (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1977) 189–209, at 195.
59. Ngaire Naffine, ‘Who are Law’s Persons? From Cheshire Cats to Responsible Subjects’ (2003) 66 Modern Law Review 346.
60. John Keown, ‘Restoring Moral and Intellectual Shape to the Law after Bland’ (1997) 113 Law Quarterly Review 481.
61. Deryck Beyleveld and Roger Brownsword, Human Dignity in Bioethics and Biolaw (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001) at 254–63
62. Alan Gewirth, Reason and Morality (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1978) at 121–22, and 142–45.
63. James F Hill, ‘Are Marginal Agents “Our Recipients” ?’ in Edward Regis Jr (ed), Gewirth’s Ethical Rationalism: Critical Essays with a Reply by Alan Gewirth (Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, 1984) at 180.
64. Deryck Beyleveld and Roger Brownsword, Mice, Morality and Patents (London, Common Law Institute of Intellectual Property, 1993)
65. Peter Kemp, Jacob Rendtorff and Niels Mattson Johansen (eds) Bioethics and Biolaw (Vol 1: Judgement of Life) (Copenhagen, Rhodos International Science and Art Publishers and Centre for Ethics and Law, 2000) at 179.
66. Deryck Beyleveld and Shaun Pattinson, ‘Precautionary Reason as the Link to Moral Action’ in Michael Boylan (ed), Medical Ethics (Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 2000) at 39.
67. Klaus Steigleder, ‘The Moral Status of Potential Persons’ in Elisabeth Hildt and Dietmar Mieth (eds), In Vitro Fertilisation in the 1990s (Aldershot, Ashgate, 1998) at 239–46.
68. Judith Jarvis Thompson, ‘A Defence of Abortion’ in RM Dworkin (ed), The Philosophy of Law (London, Oxford University Press, 1977) at 112
69. John Harris, The Value of Life (London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985) at 11–12
70. Joel Feinberg, ‘The Rights of Animals and Unborn Generations’ in Joel Feinberg, Rights, Justice, and the Bounds of Liberty (Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1980) at 159.
71. Deryck Beyleveld and Roger Brownsword, Human Dignity in Bioethics and Biolaw (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001) at 117–34. 111
72. Laurence H Tribe, ‘Childhood, Suspect Classifications, and Conclusive Presumptions: Three Linked Riddles’ (1975) 39 Law and Contemporary Problems 8, at 10–11.
73. Peter H Schuck, ‘Rethinking Informed Consent’ (1994) 103 Yale Law Journal 899.
74. Louise Harmon, ‘Falling off the Vine: Legal Fictions and the Doctrine of Substituted Judgment’ (1990) 100 Yale Law Journal 1.
75. Robert H Mnookin, ‘Child-Custody Adjudication: Judicial Functions in the Face of Indeterminacy’ (1975) 39 Law and Contemporary Problems 226, at 229.
76. John Harris, ‘Law and Regulation of Retained Organs: The Ethical Issues’ (2002) 22 Legal Studies 527.
77. Alan Gewirth, Reason and Morality (Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, 1978) at 129.
78. Ruth Faden and Tom Beauchamp, A History and Theory of Informed Consent (New York, Oxford University Press, 1986).
79. Robert Nozick, ‘Coercion’, in Peter Laslett, WG Runciman and Quentin Skinner (eds), Philosophy, Politics and Society (4th Series) (Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1972) 101, at 112–20.
80. Michael J Trebilcock, The Limits of Freedom of Contract (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1993), ch 4.
81. Theodore Dalrymple, ‘The Case for Cannibalism’ City Journal (5 January 2004); http://www.city-jopurnal.org/html/eon-01-05-04td.html (last visited 15 February 2005).
82. Michael Philips, ‘Are Coerced Agreements Involuntary?’ (1984) 3 Law and Philosophy 133–45.
83. Kenneth Kipnis, ‘Criminal Justice and the Negotiated Plea’ (1976) 86 Ethics 93–106.
84. Celia Wells, ‘ “I Blame the Parents”: Fitting New Genes in Old Criminal Laws’ in Roger Brownsword, WR Cornish, and Margaret Llewelyn (eds), Law and Human Genetics: Regulating a Revolution (Oxford, Hart Publishing, 1998) at 132.
85. Michael H Shapiro, ‘Is Bioethics Broken? On the Idea of Ethics and Law “Catching Up” with Technology’ (1999) 33 Indiana Law Review 17, at 75
86. Margaret Brazier, ‘Retained Organs: Ethics and Humanity’ (2002) 22 Legal Studies 550
87. Randy E Barnett, ‘A Consent Theory of Contract’ (1986) 86 Columbia Law Review 269–321.
88. John P Dawson, ‘Economic Duress—An Essay in Perspective’ (1947) 45 Michigan Law Review 253, at 267.
89. Clare Dalton, ‘An Essay in the Deconstruction of Contract Doctrine’ (1985) 94 Yale Law Journal 997.
90. Patrick S Atiyah, ‘Economic Duress and the “Overborne Will” ’ (1982) 98 Law Quarterly Review 197.
91. Peter Birks and Chin Nyuk Yin, ‘On the Nature of Undue Influence’ in Jack Beatson and Daniel Friedmann (eds), Good Faith and Fault in Contract Law (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1995) at 57.
92. Cf Rick Bigwood, ‘Undue Influence in the House of Lords: Principle and Proof’ (2002) 65 Modern Law Review 435
93. Carl E Schneider and Michael H Farrell, ‘Information, Decisions, and the Limits of Informed Consent’ in Michael Freeman and Andrew Lewis (eds), Law and Medicine (Current Legal Issues 2000, Vol 3) (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2000) at 107.
94. Roger Brownsword, Contract Law: Themes for the Twenty-First Century (London, Butterworths, 2000).
95. Stewart Macaulay, ‘Non-Contractual Relations in Business’ (1963) 28 American Sociological Review 55
96. Ian R Macneil, ‘The Many Futures of Contract’ (1974) 47 Southern California Law Review 691
97. David Gauthier, Morals by Agreement (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1986).
98. Anthony Kronman, ‘Mistake, Disclosure, Information, and the Law of Contracts’ (1978) 7 Journal of Legal Studies 1
99. Reinhard Zimmermann and Simon Whittaker (eds), Good Faith in European Contract Law (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2000).
100. James Gordley, ‘Contract’ in Peter Cane and Mark Tushnet (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Legal Studies (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003) at 3.
101. Randy Barnett, ‘A Consent Theory of Contract’ (1986) 86 Columbia Law Review 269, at 306
102. Randy Barnett, ‘The Sound of Silence: Default Rules and Contractual Consent’ (1992) 78 Virginia Law Review 821.
103. Jules L Coleman, Douglas D Heckathorn, and Steven M Maser, ‘A Bargaining Theory Approach to Default Provisions and Disclosure Rules in Contract Law’ (1989) 12 Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 639
104. Richard Craswell, ‘Contract Law, Default Rules, and the Philosophy of Promising’ (1989) 88 Michigan Law Review 489.
105. Richard M Titmuss, The Gift Relationship: From Human Blood to Social Policy (London, Allen and Unwin, 1970).
106. Vilhjálmur Árnason, ‘Coding and Consent: Moral Challenges of the Database Project in Iceland’ (2004) 18 Bioethics 27.
107. Steven J Burton, ‘Breach of Contract and the Common Law Duty to Perform in Good Faith’ (1980–81) 94 Harvard Law Review 369.
108. Margaret Brazier, ‘Retained Organs: Ethics and Humanity’ (2002) 22 Legal Studies 550.
109. Cass R Sunstein, Designing Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001), at 87–89.
110. GC MacCallum, ‘Legislative Intent’ (1966) 75 Yale Law Journal 754.
111. Stewart Macaulay, ‘The Real and the Paper Deal: Empirical Pictures of Relationships, Complexity and the Urge for Transparent Simple Rules’ (2003) 66 Modern Law Review 44.
112. Deryck Beyleveld and Roger Brownsword, Human Dignity in Bioethics and Biolaw (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001).
113. Patrick Devlin, The Enforcement of Morals (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965)
114. HLA Hart, Law, Liberty and Morality (London: Oxford University Press, 1963)
115. Onora O’Neill, Autonomy and Trust in Bioethics (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002) at 47
116. Stephen R Munzer, A Theory of Property (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1990), especially at 37–58.
117. Stephen R Munzer, A Theory of Property (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1990), especially, at 48–49.
118. JW Harris, ‘Who Owns My Body?’ (1996) 16 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 55.
119. Deryck Beyleveld and Roger Brownsword, Human Dignity in Bioethics and Biolaw (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001), ch 8
120. Anita L Allen, ‘Genetic Privacy: Emerging Concepts and Values’ in MA Rothstein (ed), Genetic Secrets: Protecting Privacy and Confidentiality in the Genetic Era (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1997) at 31.
121. Deryck Beyleveld and Elise Histed, ‘Betrayal of Confidence in the Court of Appeal’ (2000) 4 Medical Law International 277.
122. Morton J Horwitz, The Transformation of American Law 1780–1860 (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1977).
123. William L Prosser, The Law of Torts, 3rd edn (St Paul, MI: West, 1964).
124. Dan B Dobbs, The Law of Torts (vol 1) (St Paul, MI, West, 2001)
125. Lon L Fuller and William R Perdue, ‘The Reliance Interest in Contract Damages’ (1936) 46 Yale Law Journal 52 and 373.
126. Friedrich Kessler and Edith Fine, ‘Culpa in Contrahendo, Bargaining in Good Faith and Freedom of Contract: A Comparative Study’ (1964) 77 Harvard Law Review 401.
127. Grant Gilmore, The Death of Contract (Columbus, OH, Ohio State University Press, 1974).
128. Basil Markesinis, ‘An Expanding Tort Law—The Price of a Rigid Contract Law’ (1987) 103 Law Quarterly Review 354.
129. James Gordley (ed), The Enforceability of Promises in European Contract Law (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001).
130. Owen D Jones, ‘Sex Selection: Regulating Technology Enabling the Predetermination of a Child’s Gender’ (1992) 6 Harvard Journal of Law and Technology 1, at 52–61
131. Roger Brownsword (ed), Law and the Public Interest (Stuttgart, Franz Steiner, 1993).
132. Ronald Dworkin, Life’s Dominion (London, Harper Collins, 1993).
133. Robert Nozick, ‘Coercion’, in Peter Laslett, WG Runciman and Quentin Skinner (eds), Philosophy, Politics and Society (4th Series) (Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1972) 101, at 126.
134. Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously (revised edn) (London, Duckworth, 1978) ch 10, at 248 et seq.
135. Roger Brownsword, ‘Regulating Human Genetics: New Dilemmas for a New Millennium’ (2004) 12 Medical Law Review 14, at 15–18.
136. Roger Brownsword, ‘Happy Families, Consenting Couples, and Children with Dignity: Sex Selection and Saviour Siblings’ [2005] Child and Family Law Quarterly 435.
137. Lawrence Lessig, Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace (New York, Basic Books, 1999).
138. Rebecca Allison, ‘New Designer Baby Row as Watchdog Rejects Family’s Plea for Treatment’ (2002) The Guardian, 2 August, p 3.
139. Sarah Boseley, ‘Green Light for ‘Designer Babies’ to Save Siblings’ (2004) The Guardian, 22 July, p 1.
140. Jeremy Laurance, ‘Child’s Welfare Should not be a Factor in IVF Therapy, say MPs’ (2005) The Independent, 22 March, p 6.
141. Roger Brownsword, ‘Reproductive Opportunities and Regulatory Challenges’ (2004) 67 Modern Law Review 304.
142. Dena S Davis, ‘Genetic Dilemmas and the Child’s Right to an Open Future’ (1997) 28 Rutgers Law Journal 549, especially at 561–67
143. Roger Brownsword, ‘An Interest in Human Dignity as the Basis of Genomic Torts’ (2003) 42 Washburn Law Journal 413, at 440–44.
144. Jürgen Habermas, The Future of Human Nature (Cambridge, Polity Press, 2003)
145. Francis Fukuyama, Our Posthuman Future (London, Profile Books, 2002)
146. Bill McKibben, Enough: Genetic Engineering and the End of Human Nature (London, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2003), especially at 47 and 195.
147. HLA Hart, Punishment and Responsibility (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1968) at 13–14.
148. AWB Simpson, Cannibalism and the Common Law: The Story of the Tragic Last Voyage of the Mignonette and the Strange Legal Proceedings to which it Gave Rise (Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, 1984).
149. Joseph Goldstein, ‘Medical Care for the Child at Risk: On State Supervention of Parental Autonomy’ (1977) 86 Yale Law Journal 645.
150. John Harris, ‘Human Beings, Persons and Conjoined Twins: An Ethical Analysis of the Judgment in Re A’ (2001) 9 Medical Law Review 221.
151. Deryck Beyleveld and Roger Brownsword, Human Dignity in Bioethics and Biolaw (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001) at 254
152. Julia Black, ‘De-centring Regulation: Understanding the Role of Regulation and Self-Regulation in a “Post-Regulatory” World’ (2001) 54 Current Legal Problems 103.
153. Lon L Fuller, The Morality of Law (New Haven, NY, Yale University Press, 1969), passim.
154. Karl N Llewellyn, ‘The Normative, the Legal, and the Law-Jobs: The Problem of Juristic Method’ (1940) 49 Yale Law Journal 1355.
155. HLA Hart, The Concept of Law (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1961).
156. Joseph Raz, Practical Reason and Norms (London, Hutchinson, 1975).
157. Jürgen Habermas, ‘Introduction’ (1999) 12 Ratio Juris 329, at 330.
158. John Rawls, Political Liberalism (New York, Columbia University Press, 1993).
159. Gunther Teubner, ‘Substantive and Reflexive Elements in Modern Law’ (1983) 17 Law and Society Review 239.
160. Philippe Nonet and Philip Selznick, Law and Society in Transition: Toward Responsive Law (New York, Harper & Row, 1978).
161. Hanna Pitkin, ‘Obligation and Consent’ in Peter Laslett, WG Runciman and Quentin Skinner (eds), Philosophy, Politics and Society (4th Series) (Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1972) at 45.
162. TM Scanlon, ‘The Aims and Authority of Moral Theory’ (1992) 12 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 1, at 5
163. Deryck Beyleveld and Roger Brownsword, Law as a Moral Judgment (London, Sweet and Maxwell, 1986)
164. Alan Gewirth, Reason and Morality (Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, 1978) at 272–365, especially at 304–12.
165. Finnis, ‘Natural Law and the Ethics of Discourse’ (1999) 12 Ratio Juris 354.
166. Deryck Beyleveld and Shaun Pattinson, ‘Globalisation and Human Dignity: Some Effects and Implications for the Creation and Use of Embryos’ in Roger Brownsword (ed), Global Governance and the Quest for Justice: Human Rights (vol 4) (Oxford, Hart Publishing, 2004) at 185–202.
167. Ronald Dworkin in ‘Can Rights be Controversial?’ in Taking Rights Seriously, revised edition (London, Duckworth, 1978), ch 13, at 279–90.
168. Onora O’Neill, ‘Kant and the Social Contract Tradition’ in François Duchesneau, Guy Lafrance, and Claude Piché (eds), Kant Actuel: Hommage à Pierre Laberge (Montreal, Bellarmin, 2000) at 185–200.
169. Deryck Beyleveld and Roger Brownsword, Human Dignity in Bioethics and Biolaw (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001), especially ch 6.
170. Cass R Sunstein, Designing Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001) at 49–50
171. HP Dreitzel (ed) Recent Sociology No 2 (New York, Macmillan, 1970) at 114–48.
172. TA McCarthy, ‘A Theory of Communicative Competence’ (1973) 3 Philosophy of the Social Sciences 135–56, at 150.
173. David Gauthier, Morals by Agreement (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1986) at 190–232.
174. Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously, revised edition (London, Duckworth, 1978) at 248–53.
175. David Gauthier, Morals by Agreement, (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1986) at 227.
176. Alan Gewirth, The Community of Rights (Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, 1996).
177. Ronald M Dworkin, Life’s Dominion (London, HarperCollins, 1993) at 29.
178. Karl N Llewellyn, The Common Law Tradition (Boston, MA, Little, Brown, 1960).
179. John Finnis, Natural Law and Natural Rights (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1980) at 4.
180. Roger Brownsword, Norma J Hird, and Geraint Howells (eds), Good Faith in Contract: Concept and Context (Aldershot, Dartmouth, 1999).
181. Stephen Hedley, ‘Keeping Contract in its Place—Balfour v Balfour and the Enforceability of Informal Agreements’ (1985) 5 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 391.
182. Frank I Michelman, ‘Constitutional Legitimation for Political Acts’ (2003) 66 Modern Law Review 1.
183. Jürgen Habermas, ‘Introduction’ (1999) 12 Ratio Juris 329, at 333
184. Roger Brownsword (ed), Global Governance and the Quest for Justice: Volume 4, Human Rights (Oxford, Hart Publishing, 2004)
185. Phillipe Sands, Lawless World (London, Penguin Books, 2006).
186. Helena Kennedy, Just Law (London, Chatto and Windus, 2004) at 9.