Survey on how antibiotics are dispensed in community pharmacies in Albania

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Volumn 7, Issue 7, 2015, Pages 449-450

  Hoxha, Iris ^a   Malaj, Admir ^a   Tako, Rea ^b   Malaj, Ledjan ^a  

^a Maastricht University   (Albania)

^b AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY OF TIRANA   (Albania)

Author keywords

Albania; Antibiotics; Drug utilization; Patient simulation; Pharmacies; Professional practice

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT;

ALBANIA; ALLERGY; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; DRUG DISPENSING; DRUG MISUSE; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH PRACTITIONER; LAW ENFORCEMENT; MANAGEMENT; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PHARMACIST; PHARMACY; PRESCRIPTION; PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE; PUBLIC HEALTH CAMPAIGN;

EID: 84953725965     PISSN: None     EISSN: 09751491     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Goossens H, Ferech M, Vander Stichele R, Elseviers M, ESAC Project Group. Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: a cross-national database study. Lancet 2005;365(9459):579-87.
2. Bronzwaer SL, Cars O, Buchholz U, Mölstad S, Goettsch W, Veldhuijzen IK, Kool JL, et al. European antimicrobial resistance surveillance system. a european study on the relationship between antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance. Emerging Infect Dis 2002;8(3):278-82.
3. Livermore M. The zeitgeist of resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007;60(Suppl 1):i59-61.
4. McNeill V, Cruickshank M, Duguid M. Safer use of antimicrobials in hospitals: the value of antimicrobial usage data. Med J Aust 2010;193(8);S114-S117.
5. WHO drug utilization guideline. Guidelines for ATC classification and DDD assignment 2014. Available from: http:// www.whocc.no/filearchive/publications/2014_guidelines.pdf.
6. Standard 3: Preventing and controlling healthcare associated infections-antimicrobial stewardship criterion. Available from: http://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/our-work/healthcare-associated-infection/antimicrobial-stewardship/.
7. Emily Leung, Diana E Weil, Mario Raviglione, Hiroki Nakatan. The world health organization world health day antimicrobial resistance technical working group. the who policy package to combat antimicrobial resistance. Bull WHO 2011;89:390-2.
8. Kotwani A, Wattal C, Joshi PC, Holloway K. Irrational use of antibiotics and role of the pharmacist: an insight from a qualitative study in New Delhi, India. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2012;37(3):308-12.
9. Wickens HJ, Farrell S, Ashiru-Oredope DA, Jacklin A, Holmes A. The increasing role of pharmacists in antimicrobial stewardship in English hospitals. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013;68(11):2675-81.
10. Gastelurrutia MA, Larrañaga B, Garay A, Echeveste Fde A, Fernandez-Llimos F. Impact of a program to reduce the dispensing of antibiotics without a prescription in Spain. J Pharm Pract 2013;11(4):185-90.
11. Watson MC, Norris P, Granas AG. A systematic review of the use of simulated patients and pharmacy practice research. Int J Pharm Prac 2006;14(2):89-93.
12. McManus P, Hammond ML, Whicker SD, Primrose JG, Mant A, Fairall SR. Antibiotic use in the Australian community, 1990-1995. Med J Aust 1997;167(3):124-7.
13. Väänänen MH, Pietilä K, Airaksinen M. Self-medication with antibiotics-does it really happen in Europe? Health Policy 2006;77(2):166-71.
14. Top Channel Tv Media. Available From: http://top-channel.tv/lajme/artikull.php?id=246238
15. Grigoryan L, Burgerhof JG, Degener JE, Deschepper R, Lundborg CS, Monnet DL, et al. SAR consortium. Attitudes, beliefs and knowledge concerning antibiotic use and self-medication: a comparative European study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007;16(11):1234-43.
16. Roque F, Soares S, Breitenfeld L, López-Durán A, Figueiras A, Herdeiro MT. Attitudes of community pharmacists to antibiotic dispensing and microbial resistance: a qualitative study in Portugal. Int J Clin Pharm 2013;35(3):417-24.
17. Law no. 105/2014. For drug and pharmaceutical service in the Republic of Albania. Available From: http:// www. parlament.al/web/pub/ligj_nr_105_dt_31_7_2014_18582_1. pdf
18. Shankar PR, Partha P, Shenoy N. Self-medication and non-doctor prescription practices in Pokhara valley, Western Nepal: a questionnaire-based study. Biomed Center Family Prac 2002;3:17.
19. Zaidi Sh, Nishtar NA. Rational prescription & use: a snapshot of the evidence from Pakistan and emerging concerns. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013;5(1):131-5.