Adverse psychological outcomes following colposcopy and related procedures: A systematic review

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Volumn 123, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 24-38

  O'Connor, M ^a   Gallagher, P ^b   Waller, J ^c   Martin, C M ^d   O'Leary, J J ^d   Sharp, L ^e  

^a NATIONAL CANCER REGISTRY IRELAND   (Ireland)

^b DUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY   (Ireland)

^c UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^d Tallaght and Coombe Women's and Infant's University Hospital   (Ireland)

^e NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Adverse psychological outcomes; anxiety; cervix; colposcopy; screening; systematic review

Indexed keywords

ANXIETY DISORDER; COLPOSCOPY; DEPRESSION; DISTRESS SYNDROME; FEAR; FEMALE INFERTILITY; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; MENTAL DISEASE; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SEXUAL FUNCTION; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREND STUDY; UTERINE CERVIX CYTOLOGY; ANXIETY; DEVICES; EARLY CANCER DIAGNOSIS; ETIOLOGY; FEMALE; MENTAL STRESS; PATHOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY; UTERINE CERVIX CARCINOMA IN SITU; UTERINE CERVIX TUMOR;

ANXIETY; CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; COLPOSCOPY; EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER; FEMALE; HUMANS; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84952863806     PISSN: 14700328     EISSN: 14710528     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13462     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Massad LS, Einstein MH, Huh WK, Katki HA, Kinney WK, Schiffman M, et al., 2012 updated consensus guidelines for the management of abnormal cervical cancer screening tests and cancer precursors. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2013; 17 (Suppl 1): S1-27.
2. Jordan J, Arbyn M, Martin-Hirsch P, Schenck U, Baldauf JJ, et al., European guidelines for quality assurance in cervical cancer screening: Recommendations for clinical management of abnormal cervical cytology, part 1. Cytopathology 2008; 19: 342-54.
3. Kavanagh AM, Broom DH,. Women's understanding of abnormal cervical smear test results: a qualitative interview study. Br Med J 1997; 314: 1388-91.
4. Gray NM, Sharp L, Cotton SC, Masson LF, Little J, Walker LG, et al., Psychological effects of a low-grade abnormal cervical smear test result: anxiety and associated factors. Br J Cancer 2006; 94: 1253-62.
5. Galaal K, Bryant A, Deane KH, Al-Khaduri M, Lopes AD,. Interventions for reducing anxiety in women undergoing colposcopy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 12: CD006013.
6. Sharp L, Cotton S, Carsin AE, Gray N, Thornton A, Cruickshank M, et al., Factors associated with psychological distress following colposcopy among women with low-grade abnormal cervical cytology: a prospective study within the Trial Of Management of Borderline and Other Low grade Abnormal smears (TOMBOLA). Psychooncology 2013; 22: 368-80.
7. Rogstad KE,. The psychological impact of abnormal cytology and colposcopy. BJOG 2002; 109: 364-8.
8. Fylan F,. Screening for cervical cancer: a review of women's attitudes, knowledge, and behaviour. Br J Gen Pract 1998; 48: 1509-14.
9. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ 2009; 339: b2535.
10. Crombie IK,. The Pocket Guide to Critical Appraisal. London: BMJ Publishing Group, 1996.
11. Jefferies P, Gallagher P, Dunne S,. The Paralympic athlete: a systematic review of the psychosocial literature. Prosthet Orthot Int 2012; 36: 278-89.
12. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE,. STAI Manual for State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press Inc., 1970.
13. Balasubramani L, Orbell S, Hagger M, Brown V, Tidy J,. Do women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia prefer a see and treat option in colposcopy? BJOG 2007; 114: 39-45.
14. Orbell S, Hagger M, Brown V, Tidy J,. Appraisal theory and emotional sequelae of first visit to colposcopy following an abnormal cervical screening result. Br J Health Psychol 2004; 9: 533-55.
15. Gath DH, Hallam N, Mynors-Wallis L, Day A, Bond SA,. Emotional reactions in women attending a UK colposcopy clinic. J Epidemiol Community Health 1995; 49: 79-83.
16. Heinonen A, Tapper AM, Leminen A, Sintonen H, Roine RP,. Health-related quality of life and perception of anxiety in women with abnormal cervical cytology referred for colposcopy: an observational study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013; 169: 387-91.
17. Hellsten C, Sjöström K, Lindqvist PG,. A longitudinal 2-year follow-up of quality of life in women referred for colposcopy after an abnormal cervical smear. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2009; 147: 221-5.
18. Hellsten C, Lindqvist PG, Sjöström K,. A longitudinal study of sexual functioning in women referred for colposcopy: a 2-year follow up. BJOG 2008; 115: 205-11.
19. Hellsten C, Sjöström K, Lindqvist PG,. A 2-year follow-up study of anxiety and depression in women referred for colposcopy after an abnormal cervical smear. BJOG 2008; 115: 212-8.
20. Howells RE, Dunn PD, Isasi T, Chenoy R, Calvert E, Jones PW, et al., Is the provision of information leaflets before colposcopy beneficial? A prospective randomised study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1999; 106: 528-34.
21. Korfage IJ, Essink-Bot ML, Westenberg SM, Helmerhorst T, Habbema JD, van Ballegooijen M,. How distressing is referral to colposcopy in cervical cancer screening?: a prospective quality of life study. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 132: 142-8.
22. Sharp L, Cotton S, Little J, Gray NM, Cruickshank M, Smart L, et al., Psychosocial impact of alternative management policies for low-grade cervical abnormalities: results from theTOMBOLA randomised controlled trial. PLoS ONE 2013; 8: e80092.
23. Sharp L, Cotton S, Gray N, Avis M, Russell I, Walker L, et al., Long-term psychosocial impact of alternative management policies in women with low-grade abnormal cervical cytology referred for colposcopy: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Cancer 2011; 104: 255-64.
24. TOMBOLA Group. Biopsy and selective recall compared with immediate large loop excision in management of women with low grade abnormal cervical cytology referred for colposcopy: multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2009; 339: a2548.
25. TOMBOLA Group. Cytological surveillance compared with immediate referral for colposcopy in management of women with low grade cervical abnormalities: multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2009; 339: b2546.
26. Cruickshank ME, Anthony GB, Fitzmaurice A, McConnell D, Graham W, Alexander DA, et al., A randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of self-administered analgesia on women's experience of outpatient treatment at colposcopy. BJOG 2005; 112: 1652-8.
27. Bell S, Porter M, Kitchener H, Fraser C, Fisher P, Mann E,. Psychological response to cervical screening. Prev Med 1995; 24: 610-6.
28. Savard J, Miller SM, Mills M, O'Leary A, Harding H, Douglas SD, et al., Association between subjective sleep quality and depression on immunocompetence in low-income women at risk for cervical cancer. Psychosom Med 1999; 61: 496-507.
29. Goldberg DP, Hillier VF,. A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psych Med 1979; 9: 139-45.
30. Kitchener HC, Burns S, Nelson L, Myers AJ, Fletcher I, Desai M, et al., A randomised controlled trial of cytological surveillance versus patient choice between surveillance and colposcopy in managing mildly abnormal cervical smears. BJOG 2004; 11: 63-70.
31. Rosen R, Brown C, Heiman J, Leiblum S, Meston C, Shabsigh R, et al., The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): a multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function. J Sex Marital Ther 2000; 26: 191-208.
32. Serati M, Salvatore S, Cattoni E, Zanirato M, Mauri S, Siesto G, et al., The impact of the loop electrosurgical excisional procedure for cervical intraepithelial lesions on female sexual function. J Sex Med 2010; 7: 2267-72.
33. Inna N, Phianmongkhol Y, Charoenkwan K,. Sexual function after loop electrosurgical excision procedure for cervical dysplasia. J Sex Med 2010; 7: 1291-7.
34. Tiersma ES, van der Lee ML, Garssen B, Peters AA, Visser AP, Fleuren GJ, et al., Psychosocial factors and the course of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia: a prospective study. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 97: 879-86.
35. 2 laser vaporization for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012; 38: 1064-70.
36. Giannella L, Mfuta K, Lamantea R, Boselli F, Torrini B, Prandi S,. Loop electrosurgical excision procedure as a life event that impacts on postmenopausal women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2013; 39: 842-8.
37. CervicalCheck-Ireland's National Cervical Screening Programme. CervicalCheck Programme Report 2011-2012, Ireland: National Cancer Screening Service. 2012 [ www.cervicalcheck.ie/-fileupload/ProgrammeReports/CervicalCheck-programme-report-1-Sept-2011-31-August-2012.pdf ]. Accessed 12 October 2014.
38. NHS National Statistics. Health and Social Care Information Centre. Cervical Screening Programme, England 2012-13. [ www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB11889/cerv-scre-prog-eng-2012-13-rep.pdf ]. Accessed 12 October 2014
39. National Services Division. NHS Scottish Cervical Screening Programme Test of Cure, Scotland: National Services Division. 2012 [ www.nsd.scot.nhs.uk/services/Screening/cervicalscreening/index.html ]. Accessed 3 October 2014
40. Craig KJ, Brown KJ, Baum A,. Environmental factors in the etiology of anxiety. In:, Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ, editors. Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress. American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000. pp. 1325-39.
41. Kola S, Walsh JC, Hughes BM, Howard S,. Matching intra-procedural information with coping style reduces psychophysiological arousal in women undergoing colposcopy. J Behav Med 2013; 36: 401-12.
42. Bosgraaf RP, de Jager WC, Servaes P, Prins JB, Massuger LF, Bekkers RL,. Qualitative insights into the psychological stress before and during colposcopy: a focus group study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2013; 34: 150-6.
43. Swancutt DR, Greenfield SM, Luesley DM, Wilson S,. Women's experience of colposcopy: a qualitative investigation. BMC Womens Health 2011; 11: 11.
44. O'Connor M, Waller J, Gallagher P, Martin C, O'Leary J, Sharp L,. Distress following colposcopy examination for cervical abnormalities: a qualitative study. Psychooncology 2014; 23 (Suppl S2): 1-16 [published abstract].
45. Cotton SC, Sharp L, Little J, Gray NM, Walker LG, Whynes DK, et al., A normal colposcopy examination fails to provide psychological reassurance for women who have had low-grade abnormal cervical cytology. Cytopathology 2014; 26: 178-87.
46. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP,. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983; 67: 361-70.
47. Svanborg P, Asberg M,. A new self-rating scale for depression and anxiety states based on the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994; 89: 21-8.
48. Gray NM, Sharp L, Cotton SC, Avis M, Philips Z, Russell I, et al., Developing a questionnaire to measure the psychosocial impact of an abnormal cervical smear result and its subsequent management: the TOMBOLA (Trial of Management of Borderline and Other Low-grade Abnormal Smears) trial. Qual Life Res 2005; 14: 1553-62.