The Prevalence of Congenital Cardiac Lesions

The Natural and Modified History of Congenital Heart Disease

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 8-15

  McCrindle, Brian W ^a,b  

^a HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Congenital cardiac lesions; Diagnostic likelihood; Disease burden; Etiologic associations; Prevalence estimates

Indexed keywords

EID: 84952784811     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470986905.ch2     Document Type: Chapter

References (65)

1. Elandt-Johnson RC. Definition of rates: some remarks on their use and misuse. Am J Epidemiol 1975;102: 267-71.
2. Hook EB. Incidence and prevalence as measures of the frequency of birth defects. Am J Epidemiol 1982;116: 743-7.
3. Sever LE. Re "Incidence and prevalence as measures of the frequency of birth defects." Am J Epidemiol 1983;118: 608-9.
4. Schulman J, Shaw G, Selvin S. On "rates" of birth defects. Teratology 1988;38: 427-9.
5. Gillum RF. Epidemiology of congenital heart disease in the United States. Am Heart J 1994;127: 919-27.
6. Boneva RS, Botto LD, Moore CA et al. Mortality associated with congenital heart defects in the United States. Trends and racial disparities Circulation 2001;103: 2376-81.
7. Webb GD. Care of adults with congenital heart disease - a challenge for the new millennium. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001; 49: 30-4.
8. Warnes CA, Liberthson R, Danielson GK et al. Task force 1: the changing profile of congenital heart disease in adult life. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:1170-5.
9. Moller JH, Moodie DS, Blees M, Norton JB, Nouri S. Symptomatic heart disease in infants: comparison of three studies performed during 1969-1987. Pediatr Cardiol 1995;16: 216-22.
10. Hoffman JI, Kaplan S. The incidence of congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:1890-900.
11. Botto LD, Correa A, Erickson JD. Racial and temporal variations in the prevalence of heart defects. Pediatrics 2001; 107: e32.
12. Mitchell SC, Korones SB, Berendes HW. Congenital heart disease in 56,109 births. Incidence and natural history. Circulation 1971;43: 323-32.
13. Jacobs JP. Software development, nomenclature schemes, and mapping strategies for an international pediatric cardiac surgery database system. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Cardiol Surg Annu 2002;5:153-62.
14. Maruszewski B, Tobota Z. The European Congenital Heart Defects Surgery Database experience;Pediatric European Car- diothoracic Surgical Registry of the European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Cardiol Surg Annu 2002;5:143-7.
15. Lacour-Gayet F, Maruszewski B, Mavroudis C, Jacobs JP, Elliott MJ. Presentation of the International Nomenclature for Congenital Heart Surgery. The long way from nomenclature to collection of validated data at the EACTS. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2000;18: 128-35.
16. Garne E, Stoll C, Clementi M. Evaluation of prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart diseases by ultrasound: experience from 20 European registries. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001;17: 386-91.
17. Jaeggi ET, Sholler GF, Jones OD, Cooper SG. Comparative analysis of pattern, management and outcome of pre- vs. postnatally diagnosed major congenital heart disease;a population- based study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001;17: 380-5.
18. Hoffman JI. Incidence of congenital heart disease: II. Prenatal incidence. Pediatr Cardiol 1995; 16: 155-65.
19. Hook EB, Farina MA, Hoff MB. Death certificate reports of cardiovascular disorders in children: comparison with diagnoses in a pediatric cardiology registry. J Chronic Dis 1977;30: 383-91.
20. McCrindle BW, Shaffer KM, Kan JS et al. Cardinal clinical signs in the differentiation of heart murmurs in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996;150:169-74.
21. Haney I, Ipp M, Feldman W, McCrindle BW. Accuracy of clinical assessment of heart murmurs by office based (general practice) paediatricians. Arch Dis Child 1999;81: 409-12.
22. Grech V, Savona-Ventura C. Declining mortality from congenital heart disease related to innovations in diagnosis and treatment; a population-based study. Cardiol Young 1999;9: 78-80.
23. Rosano A, Botto LD, Botting B, Mastroiacovo P. Infant mortality and congenital anomalies from 1950 to 1994: an international perspective. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000;54: 660-6.
24. Samanek M, Goetzova J, Benesova D. Distribution of congenital heart malformations in an autopsied child population. Int J Cardiol 1985; 8: 235-48.
25. Wallooppillai NJ, Jayasinghe MS. Congenital heart disease in Ceylon. Br Heart J 1970;32: 304-6.
26. McCrindle BW, Wood MM, Collins GF, Wheatley B,Rowe RD. An increased incidence of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage among aboriginal Canadians. Can J Cardiol 1996;12: 81-5.
27. Carlgren LE, Ericson A, Kallen B. Monitoring of congenital cardiac defects. Pediatr Cardiol 1987;8: 247-56.
28. Fyler DC. Report of the New England Regional Infant Cardiac Program. Pediatrics 1980;65(suppl): 375-461.
29. Correa-Villasenor A, McCarter RJ, Downing JW, Ferencz C. White-black differences in cardiovascular malformations in infancy and socioeconomic factors. Am J Epidemiol 1991;134: 393-402.
30. Ferencz C, Rubin JD, McCarter RJ et al. Congenital heart disease; prevalence at livebirth. The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study. Am J Epidemiol 1985;121: 31-6.
31. Boughman JA, Berg KA, Astemborski JA et al. Familial risks of congenital heart defect assessed in a population-based epidemiologic study. Am J Med Genet 1987; 26: 839-49.
32. Ferencz C, Rubin JD, McCarter RJ et al. Cardiac and noncar diac malformations: observations in a population-based study. Teratology 1987; 35: 367-78.
33. Rubin JD, Ferencz C, Brenner JI, Neill CA, Perry LW. Early detection of congenital cardiovascular malformations in infancy. Am J Dis Child 1987;141:1218-20.
34. Maestri NE, Beaty TH, Liang KY, Boughman JA, Ferencz C. Assessing familial aggregation of congenital cardiovascular malformations in case-control studies. Genet Epidemiol 1988; 5: 343-54.
35. Ferencz C, Neill CA, Boughman JA et al. Congenital cardiovascular malformations associated with chromosome abnormalities;an epidemiologic study. J Pediatr 1989;114: 79-86.
36. Martin GR, Perry LW, Ferencz C. Increased prevalence of ventricular septal defect: epidemic or improved diagnosis. Pediatrics 1989; 83: 200-3.
37. Ferencz C, Boughman JA, Neill CA, Brenner JI, Perry LW. Congenital cardiovascular malformations: questions on inheritance. Baltimore-Washington Infant Study Group. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 14: 756-63.
38. Berg KA, Astemborski JA, Boughman JA, Ferencz C. Congenital cardiovascular malformations in twins and triplets from a population-based study. Am J Dis Child 1989;143: 1461-3.
39. Ferencz C, Rubin JD, McCarter RJ, Clark EB. Maternal diabetes and cardiovascular malformations: predominance of double outlet right ventricle and truncus arteriosus. Teratology 1990;41: 319-26.
40. Rosenthal GL, Wilson PD, Permutt T, Boughman JA, Ferencz C. Birth weight and cardiovascular malformations;a population-based study. The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study. Am J Epidemiol 1991;133: 1273-81.
41. Correa-Villasenor A, Ferencz C, Boughman JA, Neill CA. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return: familial and environmental factors. The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study Group. Teratology 1991;44: 415-28.
42. Carmi R, Boughman JA, Ferencz C. Endocardial cushion defect;further studies of "isolated" vs. "syndromic" occurrence. Am J Med Genet 1992;43: 569-75.
43. Wilson PD, Correa-Villasenor A, Loffredo CA, Ferencz C. Temporal trends in prevalence of cardiovascular malformations in Maryland and the District of Columbia, 1981-1988. The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study Group. Epidemiology 1993; 4: 259-65.
44. Correa-Villasenor A, Ferencz C, Neill CA, Wilson PD, Boughman JA. Ebstein's malformation of the tricuspid valve; genetic and environmental factors. The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study Group. Teratology 1994;50:137-47.
45. Lurie IW, Kappetein AP, Loffredo CA, Ferencz C. Non-cardiac malformations in individuals with outflow tract defects of the heart: the Baltimore-Washington Infant Study (1981-1989). Am J Med Genet 1995;59: 76-84.
46. Scanlon KS, Ferencz C, Loffredo CA et al. Preconceptional folate intake and malformations of the cardiac outflow tract. Baltimore-Washington Infant Study Group. Epidemiology 1998; 9: 95-8.
47. Wilson PD, Loffredo CA, Correa-Villasenor A, Ferencz C. Attributable fraction for cardiac malformations. Am J Epidemiol 1998;148: 414-23.
48. Correa-Villasenor A, Ferencz C, Loffredo C, Magee C. Paternal exposures and cardiovascular malformations. The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study Group. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 1993;3 (Suppl. 1): 173-85.
49. Kuehl KS, Loffredo CA, Ferencz C. Failure to diagnose congenital heart disease in infancy. Pediatrics 1999; 103: 743-7.
50. Loffredo CA, Ferencz C, Wilson PD, Lurie IW. Interrupted aortic arch;an epidemiologic study. Teratology 2000;61: 36875.
51. Loffredo CA, Hirata J, Wilson PD, Ferencz C, Lurie IW. Atrioventricular septal defects: possible etiologic differences between complete and partial defects. Teratology 2001; 63: 87-93.
52. Loffredo CA, Silbergeld EK, Ferencz C, Zhang J. Association of transposition of the great arteries in infants with maternal exposures to herbicides and rodenticides. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153: 529-36.
53. Loffredo CA, Wilson PD, Ferencz C. Maternal diabetes; an independent risk factor for major cardiovascular malformations with increased mortality of affected infants. Teratology 2001; 64: 98-106.
54. Botto LD, Loffredo C, Scanlon KS et al. Vitamin A and cardiac outflow tract defects. Epidemiology 2001;12: 491-6.
55. Steinberger EK, Ferencz C, Loffredo CA. Infants with single ventricle: a population-based epidemiological study. Teratology 2002;65:106-15.
56. Hirashi S, Agata Y, Nowatari M et al. Incidence and natural course of trabecular ventricular septal defect: two-dimensional echocardiography and color Doppler flow imaging study. J Pediatr 1992; 120: 409-15.
57. Ferencz C, Rubin JD, McCarter RJ et al. Congenital heart disease: prevalence at livebirth. The Infant Study. Am J Epidemiol 1985;121: 31-6.
58. Carlgren LE. The incidence of congenital heart disease in children born in Gothenburg 1941-1950. Br Heart J 1959;21: 40-50.
59. Hoffman JI, Christianson R. Congenital heart disease in a cohort of 19,502 births with long-term follow-up. Am J Cardiol 1978;42: 641-7.
60. Feldt RH, Avasthey P, Yoshimasu F, Kurland LT, Titus JL. Incidence of congenital heart disease in children born to residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1950-1969. Mayo Clin Proc 1971;46: 794-9.
61. Dickinson DF, Arnold R, Wilkinson JL. Congenital heart disease among 160 480 liveborn children in Liverpool 1960 to 1969. Implications for surgical treatment. Br Heart J 1981; 46: 55-62.
62. Bound JP, Logan WF. Incidence of congenital heart disease in Blackpool 1957-1971. Br Heart J 1977;39: 445-50.
63. Layde PM, Dooley K, Erickson JD, Edmonds LD. Is there an epidemic of ventricular septal defects in the U.S.A.? Lancet 1980;1: 407-8.
64. Spooner EW, Hook EB, Farina MA, Shaher RM. Evaluation of a temporal increase in ventricular septal defects: estimated prevalence and severity in northeastern New York, 1970-1983. Teratology 1988;37: 21-8.
65. Martin GR, Perry LW, Ferencz C. Increased prevalence of ventricular septal defect: epidemic of improved diagnosis. Pediatrics 1989;83: 200-3.