Cross-scale contradictions in ecological relationships

Landscape Ecology

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 7-18

  Dixon Hamil, Kelly Ann ^a   Iannone III, Basil V ^b   Huang, Whitney K ^a   Fei, Songlin ^b   Zhang, Hao ^a  

^a PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Ecological fallacy; MAUP; Missing variables; Mixed effects models; Multiscale; Spatial transmutation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84952718567     PISSN: 09212973     EISSN: 15729761     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10980-015-0288-z     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Araújo MB, Rozenfeld A (2014) The geographic scaling of biotic interactions. Ecography (Cop) 37:406–415
2. Araújo MB, Thuiller W, Williams PH, Reginster I (2005) Downscaling European species atlas distributions to a finer resolution: implications for conservation planning. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 14:17–30
3. Argañaraz JP, Entraigas I (2014) Scaling functions evaluation for estimation of landscape metrics at higher resolutions. Ecol Inform 22:1–12
4. Azaele S, Cornell SJ, Kunin WE (2012) Downscaling species occupancy from coarse spatial scales. Ecol Appl 22:1004–1014
5. Bar-Massada A, Wood EM, Pidgeon AM, Radeloff VC (2012) Complex effects of scale on the relationships of landscape pattern versus avian species richness and community structure in a woodland savanna mosaic. Ecography (Cop) 35:393–411
6. Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2014) lme4: linear mixed-effects models using Eigen and S4
7. Bombi P, D’Amen M (2012) Scaling down distribution maps from atlas data: a test of different approaches with virtual species. J Biogeogr 39:640–651
8. Bradter U, Kunin WE, Altringham JD, Thom TJ, Benton TG (2013) Identifying appropriate spatial scales of predictors in species distribution models with the random forest algorithm. Methods Ecol Evol 4:167–174
9. Buckley YM, Briese DT, Rees M (2003) Demography and management of the invasive plant species Hypericum perforatum. I. Using multi-level mixed-effects models for characterizing growth, survival and fecundity in a long-term data set. J Appl Ecol 40:481–493
10. Cleland DT, Avers PE, McNab WH, Jensen ME, Bailey RG, King T, Russell WE (1997) National Hierarchical Framework of Ecological Units. In: Boyce M, Haney A (eds) Ecosyst manag appl sustain for wildl resour. Yale University Press, New Haven, pp 181–200
11. Cleland DT, Freeouf JA, Keys JE, Nowacki GJ, Carpenter CA, McNab WH (2007) Ecological subregions: sections and subsections for the conterminous United States. General Technical. Report WO-76. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, D.C. Map, presentation scale 1:3,500,000; Albers equal area projection; colored
12. Cooper SD, Diehl S, Kratz K, Sarnelle O (1998) Implications of scale for patterns and processes in stream ecology. Aust J Ecol 23:27–40
13. Cressie NA (1993) Statistics for spatial data, revised. Wiley, New York
14. Dark S, Bram D (2007) The modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) in physical geography. Prog Phys Geogr 31:471–479
15. Dutilleul P, Legendre P (1993) Spatial heterogeneity against heteroscedasticity: an ecological paradigm versus a statistical concept. Oikos 66:152–171
16. Faraway J (2006) Extending the linear model with r: generalized linear, mixed effects and nonparametric regression models. Chapman & Hall/CRC Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton
17. Fotheringham A (1989) Scale-independent spatial analysis. In: Goodchild M, Gopal S (eds) Accuracy spat databases. Taylor and Francis, London, pp 221–228
18. Fotheringham A, Wong D (1991) The modifiable areal unit problem in statistical analysis. Environ Plan 23:1025–1044
19. Frazier AE (2014) A new data aggregation technique to improve landscape metric downscaling. Landscape Ecol 29:1261–1276
20. Fridley JD, Stachowicz JJ, Naeem S, Sax DF, Seabloom EW, Smith MD, Stohlgren TJ, Tilman D, Von Holle B (2007) The invasion paradox: reconciling pattern and process in species invasions. Ecology 88:3–17
21. Gotway CA, Young LJ (2002) Combining incompatible spatial data. J Am Stat Assoc 97:632–648
22. Gotway CA, Young LJ (2007) A geostatistical approach to linking geographically aggregated data from different sources. J Comput Graph Stat 16:115–135
23. Graf RF, Bollmann K, Suter W, Bugmann H (2005) The importance of spatial scale in habitat models: Capercaillie in the Swiss Alps. Landsc Ecol 20:703–717
24. Greven S, Kneib T (2010) On the behaviour of marginal and conditional AIC in linear mixed models. Biometrika 97(4):773–789
25. Hamer KC, Hill JK (2000) Scale-dependent effects of habitat disturbance on species richness in tropical forests. Conserv Biol 14:1435–1440
26. Heffernan JB, Soranno PA, Angilletta MJ, Buckley LB, Gruner DS, Keitt TH, Kellner JR, Kominoski JS, Rocha AV, Xiao J, Harms TK, Goring SJ, Koenig LE, McDowell WH, Powell H, Richardson AD, Stow C, Vargas R, Weathers KC (2014) Macrosystems ecology: Understanding ecological patterns and processes at continental scales. Front Ecol Environ 12:5–14
27. Holland JD, Bert DG, Fahrig L (2004) Determining the spatial scale of species’ response to habitat. Bioscience 54:227–233
28. Iannone BI, Potter KM, Dixon Hamil K, Huang W, Zhang H, Guo Q, Oswalt CM, Woodall CW, Fei S. Understanding biotic resistance to invasions across forests of the Eastern USA. Landscape Ecol current is. (this issue)
29. Jackson HB, Fahrig L (2015) Are ecologists conducting research at the optimal scale? Glob Ecol Biogeogr 24:52–63
30. Jelinski D, Wu J (1996) The modifiable areal unit problem and implications for landscape ecology. Landscape Ecol 11:129–140
31. Keil P, Belmaker J, Wilson AM, Unitt P, Jetz W (2013) Downscaling of species distribution models: a hierarchical approach. Methods Ecol Evol 4:82–94
32. Kling A, Johnson A, O’Neill R (1991) Transmitation and functional representation of heterogeneous landscapes. Landscape Ecol 5:239–253
33. Laird NM, Ware JH (1982) Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometr Int Biometr Soc 38:963–974
34. Levin SA (1992) The problem of pattern and scale in ecology: the Robert H. MacArthur award lecture. Ecology 73:1943–1967
35. Lloyd P, Palmer AR (1998) Abiotic factors as predictors of distribution in Southern African Bulbuls. Auk 115:404–411
36. McGill BJ (2010) Matters of scale. Science (80-) 328:575–576
37. McPherson JM, Jetz W, Rogers DJ (2006) Using coarse-grained occurrence data to predict species distributions at finer spatial resolutions - possibilities and limitations. Ecol Modell 192:499–522
38. Müller S, Scealy JL, Welsh AH (2013) Model selection in linear mixed models. Stat Sci 28:135–167
39. O’Neill R, Rust B (1979) Aggregation error in ecological models. Ecol Modell 7:91–105
40. Openshaw S (1977) Optimal zoning systems for spatial interaction models. Environ Plan 9:169–184
41. Openshaw S (1983) The modifiable areal unit problem. Geo Books, Norwick, Norfolk
42. Peters D, Bestelmeyer B, Turner M (2007) Cross-scale interactions and changing pattern-process relationships: consequences for system dynamics. Ecosystems 10:790–796
43. Pettorelli N, Laurance W, O’Brien T, Wegmann M, Nagendra H, Turner W (2014) Satellite remote sensing for applied ecologists: opportunities and challenges. J Appl Ecol 51:839–848
44. Pinheiro J, Bates D, DebRoy S, Sarkar D, R Core Team (2013) nlme: linear and nonlinear mixed effects models, R package version 3, p 57
45. Powell KI, Chase JM, Knight TM (2013) Invasive plants have scale-dependent species-area relationships. Science 339(80):317–319
46. R Core Team (2014) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna
47. Renne IJ, Tracy BF, Rejmánek M (2003) The rich get richer: responses. Front Ecol Environ 1:122–123
48. Robinson WS (1950) Ecological correlations and the behavior of individuals. Am Sociol Rev 15:351–357
49. Saura S, Castro S (2007) Scaling functions for landscape pattern metrics derived from remotely sensed data: Are their subpixel estimates really accurate? ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens 62:201–216
50. Selvin HC (1958) Durkheim’s suicide and problems of empirical research. Am J Sociol 63:607–619
51. Shea K, Chesson P (2002) Community ecology theory as a framework for biological invasions. Trends Ecol Evol 17:170–176
52. Soranno PA, Cheruvelil KS, Bissell EG, Bremigan MT, Downing JA, Fergus CE, Filstrup CT, Henry EN, Lottig NR, Stanley EH, Stow CA, Tan P, Wagner T, Webster KE (2014) Cross-scale interactions: quantifying multi-scaled cause-effect relationships in macrosystems. Front Ecol Environ 12:65–73
53. Stephens S, Koons D, Rotella J, Willey D (2003) Effects of habitat fragmentation on avian nesting success: a review of the evidence at multiple spatial scales. Biol Conserv 115:101–110
54. Stohlgren TJ, Barnett DT, Kartesz JT (2003) The rich get richer: patterns of plant invasions in the United States. Front Ecol Environ 1:11–14
55. Taylor BW, Irwin RE (2004) Linking economic activities to the distribution of exotic plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 51:17725–17730
56. Turner MG (1989) Landscape ecology: the effect of pattern on process. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 20:171–197
57. Vaida F, Blanchard S (2005) Conditional Akaike information for mixed-effects models. Biometrika 92:351–370
58. Wakefield J, Lyons H (2010) Spatial aggregation and the ecological fallacy. In: Gelfand AE, Diggle P, Guttorp P, Fuentes M (eds) Handb spat stat. CRC Press, Stat, pp 541–558
59. Wheatley M, Johnson C (2009) Factors limiting our understanding of ecological scale. Ecol Complex 6:150–159
60. Wiens JA (1989) Spatial scaling in ecology. Funct Ecol 3:385–397
61. Wu J (2004) Effects of changing scale on landscape pattern analysis. Landscape Ecol 19:125–138
62. Wu J, Hobbs R (2002) Key issues and research priorities in landscape ecology: an idiosyncratic synthesis. Landscape Ecol 17:355–365
63. Wu J, Loucks O (1995) From balance of nature to hierarchical patch dynamics: a paradigm shift in ecology. Q Rev Biol 70:439–466
64. Wu J, Gao W, Tueller P (1997) Effects of changing spatial scale on the results of statistical analysis with landscape data: a case study. Geogr Inf Sci 3:30–41
65. Zhang H, El-Shaarawi A (2010) On spatial skew-Gaussian processes and applications. Environmetrics 21:33–47
66. Zuur AF, Ieno EN, Walker NJ, Savekiev AA, Smith GM (2009) Mixed Effects Models and Extensions in Ecology with R. Springer Science and Business Media, New York