Fleeing war and relocating to the urban fringe – issues and actors: The cases of Khartoum and Bogotá

International Review of the Red Cross

Volumn 91, Issue 875, 2009, Pages 509-526

  de Geoffroy, Agnès ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ PARIS 8   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84951843061     PISSN: 18163831     EISSN: 16075889     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1816383109990361     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Luc Cambrézy, Réfugiés et exilés, crise des sociétés, crise des territoires, Éditions des Archives Contemporaines, Paris, 2001, 216 pp.
2. Mark Duffield, Global governance and the new wars, the merging of development and security, Zed Books, New York, 2001, 293 pp.
3. Marc Vincent, Birgitte Refslund Sorensen (eds), Caught between borders, response strategies of the internally displaced, Pluto Press, London, 2001, 317 pp.
4. Field research commenced in Bogotá in 2003 and in Khartoum in 2005, and continued until 2009. See A. de Geoffroy, ‘Les déplacés et l'intégration urbaine dans deux quartiers de l'agglomération de Bogotá’, in Villes en guerre, Guerres en ville, Karthala Collections Pratiques Humanitaires, Paris, 2004, pp. 281–358
5. A. de Geoffroy, ‘Political authorities, humanitarian agencies and Southern Sudanese IDPs in Greater Khartoum, what place for a human rights-based approach in an authoritarian regime?’, Communication presented at the first World Conference of Humanitarian Studies, Groningen, Netherlands, 4–7 February 2009.
6. UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, UN Doc. E/CN./4/1998/53/Add.2, 17 April 1998
7. reprinted in International Review of the Red Cross, No. 324, September 1998, pp. 545–556.
8. On displacement in Colombia, see generally: A.M. Ibañez Londoño, El Desplazamiento forzoso en Colombia: un camino sin retorno hacia la pobreza, Universidad de los Andes (Centro de Estudios sobre Desarrollo Económico), Bogotá, 2008, 277 pp.
9. D. Meertens, Forced Displacement in Colombia: Public Policy, Gender and Initiatives for Reconstruction, Paper prepared for the Conference on African Migration in Comparative Perspective, Johannesburg, South Africa, 4–7 June 2003
10. A. Molano, ‘Sobre el desplazamiento forzado en Colombia’, in Para que se sepa, Hablan las personas desplazadas en Colombia, IDMC, Bogotá, 2007, pp. 209–236
11. M.N. Bello, M.I. Villa (Coord.), El Desplazamiento en Colombia, regiones, ciudades y poĺiticas públicas, Red Nacional de Investigación/UNHCR/Universidad Nacional de Colombia/Corporación Región, Medellín, 2005, 426 pp.
12. Law No. 387 of 1997 (by means of which measures are adopted for the prevention of forced displacement, and for assistance, protection, socioeconomic consolidation and stabilization of persons internally displaced by violence in the Republic of Colombia), Diario Official (Official Gazette), No. 43,091 of July 24, 1997. English translation available at http://www.brookings.edu/projects/idp/Laws-and-Policies/ y/media/Files/Projects/IDP/Laws%20and%20Policies/Colombia/Colombia_Law387_1997_Eng.pdf (visited 9 September 2009).
13. See Angela Carillo, ‘Internal displacement in Colombia: humanitarian, economic and social consequences in urban settings and current challenges’, International Review of The Red Cross, Vol. 91, No. 875, September 2009.
14. Alain Labrousse, ‘Colombia, le rôle de la drogue dans l'extension territoriale des FARC-EP (1978–2002’, Hérodote, No. 112, 2004, pp. 27–48.
15. On displacement in Sudan in general, see G.M. Hamid, Population Displacement in the Sudan, Patterns, Responses, Coping Strategies, Centre for Migration Studies, New York, 1996, 196 pp.
16. E. Denis, ‘Khartoum, ville refuge et métropole rentiére, Mégapolisation des crises contre métropolité’, in Villes arabes en mouvement, Cahier du Gremamo No. 18, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2005, pp. 87–127
17. D. Johnson, The root causes of Sudan's civil wars, Woolnough, Irthlingborough, 2006, 234 pp.
18. Sharaf el Din Bannaga, Peace and the displaced in Sudan, Habitat Group/Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (School of Architecture), Zurich, 2002, 289 pp.
19. Sources: Alice Franck, Produirepour la ville, produire la ville: étude de l'integration des activités agricoles et des agriculteurs dans l'agglomération du Grand Khartoum (Soudan), Thesis (Geography), University of Paris X, Nanterre, 2007, 508 pp.
20. UN Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Sudan Maps, 2005, available at http://www.unsudanig.org/library/mapcatalogue/sudan/index.php (visited 9 September 2009)
21. Figure quoted in Pastoral Social Seccion de la Movilidad Humana and Consultoría para los Derechos. Humanos y el Desplazamiento (CODHES), Gota a gota, Desplazamiento forzado en Bogotá y Soacha, CODHES, Bogotá, 2007, p. 20.
22. Pastoral Social Seccion de la Movilidad Humana and CODHES, above note 16.
23. Karen Jacobsen, Internal Displacement to Urban Areas - the Tufts-IDMC Profiling Study, Case 1 Khartoum, Sudan, Feinstein International Centre (Tufts University) in collaboration with IDMC, Geneva, 2008, 60 pp.
24. On FARC, see Daniel Pecaut, Les FARC, une guerilla sans fin?, Lignes de Reperes, Paris, 2008, 169 pp.
25. See Carillo, above note 10.
26. Source: Acción Social, Hechos y avances en la atención a poblacion desplazada, June 2008, available at http://www.accionsocial.gov.co/documentos/Boletin_Hechos/Boletin_Desplazados_jun_2009.pdf (visited 9 September 2009).
27. For a comparative study of humanitarian response to IDPs needs in Colombia, see ICRC/World Food Programme (WFP), ‘Una mirada a la población desplazada en ocho ciudades de Colombia: respuesta institucional local, condiciones de vida y recomendaciones para su atención’, ICRC/WFP, Bogotá, 2007, 82 pp., available at http://www.icrc.org/WEB/SPA/sitespa0.nsf/htmlall/p_CICR-PMA/$File/ICRC_003_ CICR-PMA.PDF (visited 9 September 2009).
28. Munzoul Assal, Whose rights count? National and international responses to the rights of IDPs in the Sudan, Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex, Brighton, 2006, 48 pp.
29. See Michel Agier, Gérer les indésirables, des camps de réfugies au gouvernement humanitaire, Flammarion, Paris, 2008, 347 pp.