Political Institutionalisation and Party Development in Post-communist Poland

Europe-Asia Studies

Volumn 46, Issue 5, 1994, Pages 779-799

  Lewis, Paul G ^a  

^a OPEN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

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EID: 84951383856     PISSN: 09668136     EISSN: 14653427     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09668139408412200     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. F. Millard, ‘The Polish Parliamentary Elections of October 1991’, Soviet Studies, 44, 5, 1992, pp. 837–856, at p. 849.
2. G. Ekiert, ‘Peculiarities of Post-communist Politics: The Case of Poland’, Studies in Comparative Communism, 25, 1992, pp. 341–361, at p. 341, and.
3. V. Zubek, ‘The Fragmentation of Poland's Political Party system’, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 26, 1993, pp. 47–71, at p. 47.
4. Rzeczpospolita, 18 November 1992.
5. H. Kitschelt, ‘The Formation of Party Systems in East Central Europe’, Politics and Society, 20, 1992, pp. 9–50, at p. 10.
6. M. Grabowska & T. Szawiel, Anatomia elit politycznych: partie polityczne w postkomunistyczne Polsce, 1991–93 (Warsaw, 1993), p. 5.
7. K. Lawson, ‘Political Parties Inside and Out’, Comparative Politics, 23, 1990, pp. 105–119, at pp. 106–7.
8. M. Duverger, Political Parties (London, 1964).
9. J. Blondel, ‘Mass Parties and Industrialised Societies’, in J. Blondel (ed.), Comparative Government (London, 1969), p. 118.
10. J. Chariot, ‘Political Parties: Towards a New Theoretical Synthesis’, Political Studies, 37, 1989, pp. 352–61, at p. 353.
11. J. LaPalombara & M. Wiener, ‘The Origin and Development of Political Parties’, in J. LaPalombara and M. Wiener (eds), Political Parties and Political Parties, (Princeton, NJ, 1969), pp. 12, 17.
12. A. Panebianco, Political Parties: Organization and Power (Cambridge, 1988), p. xiii.
13. Ibid., pp. 50–52.
14. Ibid., pp. 55, 63–65.
15. Rzeczpospolita, 22 September 1993. By the time of the 1993 elections PL, which gained 2.4% of votes cast in them, was not generally regarded as a member of the post-Solidarity camp. A comprehensive survey of the origins and development of the 1991–93 parliament is given in S. Gebethner (ed.), Polska scena polityczna a wybory (Warsaw, 1993).
16. For details see P. Lewis, ‘Poland's SLD: The Communists Who Came in From the Cold’, Labour Focus on Eastern Europe, 46, 1993, pp. 29–34.
17. T. Żukowski, ‘Wybory parlamentarne '91’, Studia Polityczne, 1, 1992, pp. 35–59, at p. 40.
18. ‘Kruchy process zbliżenia’, Polityka, 22 April 1989.
19. Gazeta Wyborcza, 24 October 1991.
20. Rok 1989: Bronislaw Geremek opowiada Jacek Żukowski pyta (Warsaw, 1990), p. 170.
21. D. Olson, ‘Compartmentalized Competition: The Managed Transitional Election System of Poland’, Journal of Politics, 55, 1993, pp. 415–442, at p. 417.
22. J. Colomer & M. Pascual, ‘The Polish Games of Transition’, Working Paper of the Institut d'Estudis Socials Avancats (Barcelona, 1993), pp. 22, 24.
23. A similar but briefer analysis is also presented by A. Przeworski, Democracy and the Market (Cambridge, 1991), p. 79. The inherent logic of the extrication phase of the democratisation process leaves, he argues, ‘an institutional legacy that is inherently unstable’.
24. K. Jasiewicz, ‘From Solidarity to Fragmentation’, Journal of Democracy, 3, 1992, pp. 57–70, at p. 56.
25. K. Jasiewicz & T. Żukowski, ‘The Elections of 1984–89 as a Factor in the Transformation of the Social Order in Poland’, in G. Sanford (ed.), Democratization in Poland, 1988–90 (London, 1992), p. 113.
26. V. Zubek, ‘The Threshold of Poland's Transition: The 1989 Electoral Campaign as the Last Act of a United Solidarity’, Studies in Comparative Communism, 24, 1991, pp. 355–376, at p. 361.
27. Z. Barany & L. Vinton, ‘Breakthrough to democracy: elections in Poland and Hungary’, Studies in Comparative Communism, 23, 1990, pp. 191–212, at p. 197.
28. M. Henzler, ‘Wygrali w prawyborach’, Polityka, 27 May 1989.
29. V. Zubek, ‘The Rise and Fall of Rule by Poland's Best and Brightest’, Soviet Studies, 44, 1992, pp. 579–608, at p. 587.
30. Moja zupa (Warsaw, 1991), p. 104.
31. Rzeczpospolita, 23–24 June 1990.
32. Rzeczpospolita, 25 October 1989.
33. M. Henzler, ‘Stare i nowe partie’, Polityka, 16 December 1989.
34. see also ‘Ilu was jest?’, Polityka, 24 March 1990.
35. Rzeczpospolita, 10 April 1990.
36. Differing conceptions of the modern party are discussed in P. G. Lewis, ‘Civil Society and the Development of Political Parties in Bast-Central Europe’, Journal of Communist Studies, 9, 4, 1993.
37. Rzeczpospolita, 10–11 February 1990.
38. M. Henzler, ‘Od klubu do partii’, Polityka, 17 March 1990.
39. Rzeczpospolita, 27–28 January 1990; Jasiewicz & Zukowski, ‘The elections of 1984–89 &.
40. Rzeczpospolita, 24 May 1990.
41. Rzeczpospolita, 8 May 1990.
42. Moja zupa, p. 104.
43. Ibid., p. 108.
44. Rzeczpospolita, 28 June 1990.
45. Rzeczpospolita, 12 June 1990.
46. ‘Na zachód od Centrum’, Polityka, 28 July 1990.
47. Rzeczpospolita, 24 July 1990.
48. Rzeczpospolita, 4 September 1990.
49. Duverger, Political Parties, p. 64.
50. Ekiert, ‘Peculiarities of post-communist politics &’, pp. 369–461.
51. Rzeczpospolita, 6 November 1992.
52. M. Dehnel-Szyc & J. Stachura, Gry politycznej—orientacje na dziś (Warsaw, 1991), p. 83.
53. L. Moczulski, Wygram tȩ wojnȩ! (Warsaw, 1992), p. 61.
54. Rzeczpospolita, 27–28 February 1993.
55. Jasiewicz, ‘From Solidarity …’, p. 56.
56. Moja zupa, pp. 108–109.
57. T. Szawiel, ‘Partie polityczne w Polsce—jakie mają szanse i co im zagrazą?’, Krytyka, 38, 1992, p. 28.
58. Rzeczpospolita, 17–18 April 1993.
59. Rzeczpospolita, 28–29 August 1993.
60. Rzeczpospolita, 14–15 August 1993.