A theory of communal (and exchange) relationships

Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 231-250

  Clark, Margaret S ^a   Mills, Judson R ^b  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84951058437     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4135/9781446249222.n38     Document Type: Chapter

References (67)

1. Adams, J.S. Inequity in social exchange. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 62, 335-343. (1965)
2. Bartz, J.A. and Lydon, J.E. Navigating the interdependence dilemma: Attachment goals and the use of communal norms with potential close others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 77-96. (2006) doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.1.77 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.1.77
3. Bartz, J.A. and Lydon, J.E. Relationship specific attachment, risk regulation, and communal norm adherence in close relationships. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 4, 655-663. (2008) doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2007.04.003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2007.04.003
4. Batson, C.D. Communal and exchange relationships: What is the difference?Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 677-683. (1993) doi:10.1177/0146167293196002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167293196002
5. Beck, L.A. and Clark, M.S. Choosing to enter or avoid diagnostic social situations. Psychological Science, 20, 1175-1181. (2009) doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02420.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02420.x
6. Berscheid, E., Snyder, M. and Omoto, A. The relationship closeness inventory: Assessing the closeness of interpersonal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 792-807. (1989) doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.792 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.792
7. Butler, E.A., Egloff, B., Wlhelm, F.H., Smith, N.C., Erickson, E.A. and Gross, J.J. The social consequences of expressive suppression. Emotion, 3, 48-67. (2003) doi:10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.48 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.48
8. Buunk, B.P. and Van Yperen, N.W. Referential comparisons, relational comparisons, and exchange orientation: Their relation to marital satisfaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 709-717. (1991) doi:10.1177/0146167291176015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167291176015
9. Chen, S., Lee-Chai, A.Y. and Bargh, J.A. Relationship orientation as a moderator of the effects of social power. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 173-187. (2001) doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.2.173 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.2.173
10. Clark, M.S. Non-comparability of benefits given and received: A cue to the existence of friendship. Social Psychology Quarterly, 44, 375-381. (1981) doi:10.2307/3033907 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3033907
11. Clark, M.S. (1984a) A distinction between two types of relationships and its implications for development. In J.C. Masters and K. Yarkin-Levin (eds), Boundary Areas in Social Psychology, pp. 241-270. New York: Academic Press.
12. Clark, M.S. Record keeping in two types of relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 549-557. (1984b) doi:10.1037/0022-3514.47.3.549 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.47.3.549
13. Clark, M.S. (1985) Implications of relationship type for understanding compatibility. In W. Ickes (ed.), Compatible and Incompatible Relationships, pp. 199-140. New York: Springer-Verlag.
14. Clark, M.S. Evidence for the effectiveness of manipulations of desire for communal versus exchange relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 12, 414-425. (1986) doi:10.1177/0146167286124004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167286124004
15. Clark, M.S., Dubash, P. and Mills, J. Interest in another's consideration of one's needs. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 246-264. (1998) doi:10.1006/jesp.1998.1352 http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jesp.1998.1352
16. Clark, M.S. and Finkel, E.J. Willingness to express emotion: The impact of relationship type, communal orientation and their interaction. Personal Relationships, 12, 169-180. (2005a) doi:10.1111/j.1350-4126.2005.00109.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1350-4126.2005.00109.x
17. Clark, M.S. and Finkel, E.J. (2005b) Does expressing emotion promote well-being? It depends on relationship context. In L.A. Tiedens and C.W. Leach (eds), The Social Life of Emotions, pp. 105-126. New York: Cambridge University Press.
18. Clark, M.S., Fitness, J. and Brissette, I. (2001) Understanding people's perceptions of relationships is crucial to understanding their emotional lives. In G. Fletcher, and M.S. Clark (eds), Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology, Vol. 3: Interpersonal Processes, pp. 253-278. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
19. Clark, M.S. and Jordan, S. (2002) Adherence to communal norms: What it means, when it occurs and some thoughts on how it develops. In B. Laursen and W. Graziano (eds), Justice: New Directions for Childand Adolescent Development, pp. 3-25. New York: Jossey-Bass. doi:10.1002/cd.34 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cd.34
20. Clark, M.S. and Lemay, E. (2010) Close Relationships. In S.T. Fiske, D.T. Gilbert and G. Lindsey (eds), Handbook of Social Psychology, Vol. 2, 5th Edition, pp. 898-940. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
21. Clark, M.S., Lemay, E.P., Graham, S.M., Pataki, S. and Finkel, E.J. Ways of giving and receiving benefits in marriage: What's ideal? What happens? Attachment style matters. Psychological Science, 21, 944-951. (2010) doi:10.1177/0956797610373882 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797610373882
22. Clark, M.S. and Mills, J. Interpersonal attraction in exchange and communal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 12-24. (1979) doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.1.12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.37.1.12
23. Clark, M.S. and Mills, J. (2001) Behaving in such a way as to maintain and enhance relationship satisfaction. In J.H. Harvey and A.E. Wenzel (eds), Relationship Maintenance and Enhancement, pp. 13-26. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
24. Clark, M.S., Mills, J. and Corcoran, D. Keeping track of needs and inputs of friends and strangers. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 15, 533-542. (1989) doi:10.1177/0146167289154007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167289154007
25. Clark, M.S., Mills, J. and Powell, M. Keeping track of needs in two types of relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 333-338. (1986) doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.2.333 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.2.333
26. Clark, M.S., Ouellette, R., Powell, M. and Milberg, S. Recipient's mood, relationship type, and helping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 94-103. (1987) doi:10.1037/0022-3514.53.1.94 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.53.1.94
27. Clark, M.S. and Taraban, C.B. Reactions to and willingness to express emotion in two types of relationships. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27, 324-336. (1991) doi:10.1016/0022-1031(91)90029-6 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031%2891%2990029-6
28. Clark, M.S. and Waddell, B. Perceptions of exploitation in communal and exchange relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2, 403-418. (1985) doi:10.1177/0265407585024002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407585024002
29. Coriell, M. and Cohen, S. Concordance in the face of a stressful event: When do members of a dyad agree that one person supported the other?Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 289-299. (1995) doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.2.289 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.2.289
30. Goffman, I. (1959) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Garden City: Doubleday and Company.
31. Graham, S.M., Huang, J., Clark, M.S. and Helgeson, V. The positives of negative emotion: Willingness to express negative emotions promotes relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 394-406. (2008) doi:10.1177/0146167207311281 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167207311281
32. Grote, N.K. and Clark, M.S. Distributive justice norms and family work: What is perceived as ideal, what is applied, and what predicts perceived fairness?Social Justice Research, 11, 243-269. (1998) doi:10.1023/A:1023234732556 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023234732556
33. Grote, N. and Clark, M.S. Does conflict drive perceptions of unfairness or do perceptions of unfairness drive conflict?Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 281-293, 362 (erratum). (2001) doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.2.281 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.2.281
34. Grote, N.K., Clark, M.S. and Moore, A. Perceptions of injustice in family work: The role of psychological distress. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 480-492. (2004) doi:10.1037/0893-3200.18.3.480 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.18.3.480
35. Grote, N.K., Naylor, C. and Clark, M.S. Perceiving the division of family work to be unfair: Do social comparisons, enjoyment, and competence matter?Journal of Family Psychology, 16, 510-522. (2002) doi:10.1037/0893-3200.16.4.510 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.16.4.510
36. Jones, D.C. and Vaughan, K. Close friendships among senior adults. Psychology and Aging, 3, 451-457. (1990) doi:10.1037/0882-7974.5.3.451 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.5.3.451
37. Kelley, H.H., Hollmes, J.G., Kerr, N.L., Reis, H.T., Rusbult, C E. and Van Lange, P.A.M. (2003) An Atlas of Interpersonal Situations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
38. Lemay, E.P. and Clark, M.S. How the head liberates the heart: Projection of communal responsiveness guides relationship promotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 647-671. (2008) doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.4.647 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94.4.647
39. Lemay, E.P., Clark, M.S. and Feeney, B. Projection of responsiveness to needs and the construction of satisfying communal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 834-853. (2007) doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.834 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.834
40. McCall, M. Orientation, outcome and other-serving attributions. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 17, 49-64. (1995)
41. Medvene, L.I., Volk, F.A. and Meissen, G.J. Communal orientation and burnout among self-help group leaders. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27, 262-278. (1997) doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb00632.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb00632.x
42. Messick, D. and Cook, K. (1983) Equity Theory: Psychological and Sociological Perspectives. New York: Prager.
43. Mills, J. and Clark, M.S. (1982) Exchange and communal relationships. In L. Wheeler (ed.), Review of Personality and Social Psychology, pp. 121-144. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
44. Mills, J. and Clark, M.S. Communications that should lead to perceived exploitation in communal and exchange relationships. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4, 225-234. (1986) doi:10.1521/jscp.1986.4.2.225 http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1986.4.2.225
45. Mills, J. and Clark, M.S. (1994) Communal and exchange relationships: New research and old controversies. In R. Gilmour and R. Erber (eds), Theoretical Approaches to Personal Relationships, pp. 29-42. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
46. Mills, J. and Clark, M.S. (2001) Viewing close romantic relationships as communal relationships: Implications for maintenance and enhancement. In J. Harvey and A. Wenzel (eds), Close Romantic Relationships: Maintenance and Enhancement, pp. 13-25. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
47. Mills, J., Clark, M.S., Ford, T. and Johnson, M. Measurement of communal strength. Personal Relationships, 11, 213-230. (2004) doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2004.00079.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2004.00079.x
48. Monin, J.K., Clark, M.S. and Lemay, E. Communal responsiveness in relationships with female versus male family members. Sex Roles, 59, 176-188. (2008) doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9420-8 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-008-9420-8
49. Murstein, B.I. and Azar, J.A. The relationship of exchange-orientation to Friendship intensity, roommate compatibility, anxiety, and friendship. Small Group Research, 17, 3-17. (1986) doi:10.1177/104649648601700101 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104649648601700101
50. Murstein, B.I., Cerreto, M. and MacDonald, M.G. A theory and investigation of the effect of exchange-orientation on marriage and friendship. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 39, 543-548. (1977) doi:10.2307/350908 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/350908
51. Murstein, B.I., Wadlin, R. and Bond, C.F. The revised exchange-orientation scale. Small Group Behavior, 18, 212-223. (1987) doi:10.1177/104649648701800205 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104649648701800205
52. Pataki, S., Shapiro, C. and Clark, M.S. Children's acquisition of appropriate norms for friendships and acquaintances. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 11, 427-442. (1994) doi:10.1177/0265407594113008 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407594113008
53. Reis, H., Clark, M.S. and Holmes, J. (2004) Perceived partner responsiveness as an organizing construct in the study of intimacy and closeness. In D. Mashek and A. Aron (eds), The Handbook of Closeness and Intimacy. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
54. Rubin, Z. Measurement of romantic love. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 265-273. (1970) doi:10.1037/h0029841 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0029841
55. Sprecher, S. How men and women expect to feel and behavior in response to Inequity in close relationships. Social Psychology Quarterly, 55, 57-69. (1992) doi:10.2307/2786686 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2786686
56. Srivastava, S., Tamir, M., McGonigal, K.M., John, O.P. and Gross, J.J. The social costs of emotional suppression: A prospective study of the transition to college. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 883-897. (2009) doi:10.1037/a0014755 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014755
57. Thibaut, J.W. and Kelley, H.H. (1959) The Social Psychology of Groups. New York: Wiley.
58. Thompson, L. and Deharpport, T. Relationships, goal incompatibility, and communal orientation in negotiations. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 20, 33-44. (1998) doi:10.1207/s15324834basp2001_4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp2001_4
59. Thompson, S.C., Medvene, L.J. and Freedman, D. Caregiving in the close relationships of cardiac patients: Exchange, power, and attributional perspectives on caregiver resentment. Personal Relationships, 2, 125-142. (1995) doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1995.tb00081.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1995.tb00081.x
60. VanYperen, N., Buunk, B.P. and Schaufeli, W.B. Imbalance, communal orientation, and the burnout syndrome among nurses. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, 173-189. (1992) doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb01534.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb01534.x
61. Walster, E., Walster, G.W. and Berscheid, E. (1978) Equity: Theory and Research. New York: Allyn & Bacon.
62. Williamson, G.M. and Clark, M.S. Providing help and desired relationship type as determinants of changes in moods and self-evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 722-734. (1989) doi:10.1037/0022-3514.56.5.722 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.5.722
63. Williamson, G.M. and Clark, M.S. Impact of desired relationship type on affective reactions to choosing and being required to help. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 10-18. (1992) doi:10.1177/0146167292181002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167292181002
64. Williamson, G.M., Clark, M.S., Pegalis, L. and Behan, A. Affective consequences of refusing to help in communal and exchange relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 34-47. (1996) doi:10.1177/0146167296221004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167296221004
65. Williamson, G.M. and Schulz, R. Communal orientation, quality of prior relationship and distress among caregivers of Alzheimer's patientsPsychology and Aging, 5, 502-507. (1990) doi:10.1037/0882-7974.5.4.502 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.5.4.502
66. Williamson, G.M. and Silverman, J.G. Violence against female partners: Direct and interactive effects of family history, communal orientation and peer-related variables. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18, 535-549. (2001) doi:10.1177/0265407501184006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407501184006
67. Yoo, S.H., Clark, M.S., Lemay, E.P., Salovey, P. and Monin, J.K. Responding to partners’ expression of anger: The role of communal motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 229-241. (2011) doi:10.1177/0146167210394205 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167210394205