Risk factors of hypertension among adults aged 35-64 years living in an urban slum Nairobi, Kenya

BMC Public Health

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

  Olack, Beatrice ^a   Wabwire Mangen, Fred ^a   Smeeth, Liam ^c   Montgomery, Joel M ^b   Kiwanuka, Noah ^a   Breiman, Robert F ^d  

^a MAKERERE UNIVERSITY   (Uganda)

^b CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^c LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^d CLARK ATLANTA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular diseases; Hypertension; Obesity; Risk factors; Urbanization

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; ANTHROPOMETRY; BODY MASS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; KENYA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OVERWEIGHT; POVERTY; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; URBAN POPULATION;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; ALCOHOL DRINKING; ANTHROPOMETRY; BODY MASS INDEX; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; KENYA; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OVERWEIGHT; POVERTY AREAS; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; SMOKING; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES; URBAN POPULATION;

EID: 84950265603     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712458     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2610-8     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair-Rohani H, et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2224-60.
2. Lloyd-Sherlock P, Beard J, Minicuci N, Ebrahim S, Chatterji S. Hypertension among older adults in low- and middle-income countries: prevalence, awareness and control. Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(1):116-28.
3. World Health Organization. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.
4. Addo J, Smeeth L, Leon DA. Hypertension in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review. Hypertension. 2007;50(6):1012-8.
5. World Health Organization. A global brief on hypertension: silent killer, global public health crisis: World Health Day 2013. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
6. World Bank: Kenya - Inside informality: poverty, jobs, housing and services in Nairobi's slums Washington, DC; 2006.
7. Popkin BM. Dynamics of the nutrition transition and its implications for the developing world. Forum Nutr. 2003;56:262-4.
8. Anand K, Shah B, Yadav K, Singh R, Mathur P, Paul E, et al. Are the urban poor vulnerable to non-communicable diseases? A survey of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in urban slums of Faridabad. Natl Med J India. 2007;20(3):115-20.
9. Vaidya A, Aryal UR, Krettek A. Cardiovascular health knowledge, attitude and practice/behaviour in an urbanising community of Nepal: a population-based cross-sectional study from Jhaukhel-Duwakot Health Demographic Surveillance Site. BMJ Open. 2013;3(10):e002976.
10. Agyemang C. Rural and urban differences in blood pressure and hypertension in Ghana, West Africa. Public Health. 2006;120(6):525-33.
11. Doulougou B, Kouanda S, Rossier C, Soura A, Zunzunegui MV. Differences in hypertension between informal and formal areas of Ouagadougou, a sub-Saharan African city. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(893):1471-2458.
12. Park K. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 19th edition. Jabalpur: M/s Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers; 2007.
13. Joshi MD, Ayah R, Njau EK, Wanjiru R, Kayima JK, Njeru EK, et al. Prevalence of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk factors in an urban slum in Nairobi, Kenya: a population-based survey. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1177):1471-2458.
14. van de Vijver SJ, Oti SO, Agyemang C, Gomez GB, Kyobutungi C. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among slum dwellers in Nairobi, Kenya. J Hypertens. 2013;31(5):1018-24.
15. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS). The 2009 housing and population census. Nairobi: Kenya National Bureau of Statistics; 2010.
16. United Nations Human Settlement Programme (UN-HABITAT). State of the worlds cities 2012/2013. Nairobi: UN-HABITAT; 2012.
17. Feikin DR, Olack B, Bigogo GM, Audi A, Cosmas L, Aura B, et al. The Burden of Common Infectious Disease Syndromes at the Clinic and Household Level from Population-Based Surveillance in Rural and Urban Kenya. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(1):e16085.
18. World Health Organization. STEPS Manual, STEPS Instrument. Geneva: WHO; 2011.
19. WHO STEPS Instrument (Core and Expanded). [ http://www.who.int/chp/steps/instrument/STEPS-Instrument-V3.1.pdf ].
20. Rutstein SO, Johnson K. The DHS Wealth Index. DHS Comparative Reports No. 6. Calverton: ORC Macro; 2004.
21. Parati G, Mendis S, Abegunde D, Asmar R, Mieke S, Murray A, et al. Recommendations for blood pressure measuring devices for office/clinic use in low resource settings. Blood Press Monit. 2005;10(1):3-10.
22. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. Jama. 2003;289(19):2560-72.
23. World Health Organization. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. In Book Physical Status: The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry. In: Physical Status: The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1995.
24. World Health Organization. Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio: report of a WHO expert consultation, 8-11 December 2008. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.
25. World Health Organization. International Guide for Monitoring Alcohol Consumption and Related Harm. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000.
26. Heitzinger K, Montano SM, Hawes SE, Alarcon JO, Zunt JR. A community-based cluster randomized survey of noncommunicable disease and risk factors in a peri-urban shantytown in Lima, Peru. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2014;14:14-9.
27. Daniel OJ, Adejumo OA, Adejumo EN, Owolabi RS, Braimoh RW. Prevalence of hypertension among urban slum dwellers in Lagos, Nigeria. J Urban Health. 2013;90(6):1016-25.
28. Hendriks ME, Wit FW, Roos MT, Brewster LM, Akande TM, de Beer IH, et al. Hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: cross-sectional surveys in four rural and urban communities. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e32638.
29. Meng XJ, Dong GH, Wang D, Liu MM, Lin Q, Tian S, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and risk factors associated with hypertension in urban adults from 33 communities of China: the CHPSNE study. J Hypertens. 2011;29(7):1303-10.
30. Musinguzi G, Nuwaha F. Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Uganda. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e62236.
31. Christensen DL, Eis J, Hansen AW, Larsson MW, Mwaniki DL, Kilonzo B, et al. Obesity and regional fat distribution in Kenyan populations: impact of ethnicity and urbanization. Ann Hum Biol. 2008;35(2):232-49.
32. Ziraba AK, Fotso JC, Ochako R. Overweight and obesity in urban Africa: A problem of the rich or the poor? BMC Public Health. 2009;9(465):1471-2458.
33. Mbochi RW, Kuria E, Kimiywe J, Ochola S, Steyn NP. Predictors of overweight and obesity in adult women in Nairobi Province, Kenya. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(823):1471-2458.
34. Fernald LC, Adler NE. Blood pressure and socioeconomic status in low-income women in Mexico: a reverse gradient? J Epidemiol Community Health. 2008;62(5):e8.
35. Wamala JF, Karyabakabo Z, Ndungutse D, Guwatudde D. Prevalence factors associated with hypertension in Rukungiri district, Uganda - a community-based study. Afr Health Sci. 2009;9(3):153-60.
36. Mayega RW, Makumbi F, Rutebemberwa E, Peterson S, Ostenson CG, Tomson G, et al. Modifiable socio-behavioural factors associated with overweight and hypertension among persons aged 35 to 60 years in eastern Uganda. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47632.