Understanding how roadside concentrations of NOx are influenced by the background levels, traffic density, and meteorological conditions using Boosted Regression Trees

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 127, Issue , 2016, Pages 163-175

  Sayegh, Arwa ^a   Tate, James E ^a   Ropkins, Karl ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Air quality; Air temperature; Continuous monitoring; NOx; Vehicle emissions; Wind conditions

Indexed keywords

AIR POLLUTION; AIR QUALITY; FORESTRY; METEOROLOGY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; ROADSIDES; URBAN GROWTH;

AIR TEMPERATURE; BACKGROUND CONCENTRATION; BOOSTED REGRESSION TREES; CONTINUOUS MONITORING; METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION; TRAFFIC-RELATED POLLUTANTS; VEHICLE EMISSION; WIND CONDITIONS;

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE;

NITROGEN OXIDE;

AIR QUALITY; AIR TEMPERATURE; AMBIENT AIR; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; EXHAUST EMISSION; NITROGEN OXIDES; ROADSIDE ENVIRONMENT; TRAFFIC EMISSION; WIND FORCING;

AIR MONITORING; AIR POLLUTION; AIR QUALITY; AIR TEMPERATURE; AMBIENT AIR; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION; DENSITY; EXHAUST GAS; METEOROLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TRAFFIC; URBAN AREA; WIND;

UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 84950254503     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: 18732844     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.024     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. AEAT Automatic Urban and Rural Network Site Operator's Manual 2003, AEAT/ENV/R1595. November 2003.
2. Aldrin M., Haff I.H. Generalised additive modelling of air pollution, traffic volume and meteorology. Atmos. Environ. 2005, 39(11):2145-2155. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.12.020.
3. Met Office Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations Data (1853-current) 2012, NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre, 01 May 2012.
4. Bell M., Chen H., Hackman M., Mccabe K., Price S. Using ITS to reduce environmental impacts. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress and Exhibition, Excel London, Paper 1271 2006.
5. Bloomfield P., Royle A., Steinberg L.J., Yang Q. Accounting for meteorological effects in measuring urban ozone levels and trends. Atmos. Environ. 1995, 30(17):3067-3077. 10.1016/1352-2310(95)00347-9.
6. Cappo M., De'ath G., Boyle S., Aumend J., Olbrich R., Hoedt F., Perna C., Brunskill G. Development of a robust classifier of freshwater residence in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) life histories using elemental ratios in scales and boosted regression trees. Mar. Freshw. Res. 2005, 56(5):713-723. 10.1071/MF04218.
7. Carslaw D.C., Beevers S.D., Ropkins K., Bell M.C. Detecting and quantifying aircraft and other on-airport contributions to ambient nitrogen oxides in the vicinity of a large international airport. Atmos. Environ. 2006, 40(28):5424-5434. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.04.062.
8. Carslaw D.C., Taylor P.J. Analysis of air pollution data at a mixed source location using boosted regression trees. Atmos. Environ. 2009, 43(22):3563-3570. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.04.001.
9. Carslaw D.C., Ropkins K. Openair - an R package for air quality data analysis. Environ. Model. Softw. 2012, 27-28:52-61. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.09.008.
10. Dardiotis C., Martini G., Manfredi U. Revision of Low Temperature Emission Standards for Petrol Vehicles 2012, European Commission, JRC Scientific and Policy Reports.
11. De'ath G. Boosted trees for ecological modelling and prediction. Ecology 2007, 88(1):243-251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88%5b243:BTFEMA%5d2.0.CO;2.
12. DEFRA The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Volume 2 2007.
13. DEFRA Background Maps 2012, [online]. (Accessed 01.09.14.) Available from:. http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/review-and-assessment/tools/background-maps.html.
14. DEFRA Defra National Statistics Release: Emissions of Air Pollutants in the UK, 1970 to 2013 2014, Statistical Release: 18 December 2014.
15. DfT Traffic Counts - Transport Statistics - Department for Transport 2014, [online]. (Accessed 01.09.14.) Available from:. http://www.dft.gov.uk/traffic-counts/.
16. EEA Sector Share of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions (EEA Member Countries) 2011, [online]. (Accessed 01.09.14.). Available from:. http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/daviz/sector-share-of-nitrogen-oxides-emissions#tab-chart_1.
17. Elith J., Leathwick J.R., Hastie T. A working guide to boosted regression trees. J. Animal Ecol. 2008, 77(4):802-813. 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01390.x.
18. Friedman J.H. Greedy function approximation: a gradient boosting machine. Ann. Stat. 2001, 29(5):1189-1232.
19. Friedman J.H. Stochastic gradient boosting. Comput. Stati. Data Anal. 2002, 38(4):367-378. 10.1016/S0167-9473(01)00065-2.
20. Friedman J.H., Meulman J.J. Multiple additive regression trees with application in epidemiology. Stat. Med. 2003, 22(9):1365-1381. 10.1002/sim.1501.
21. Highways Agency Where Are Smart Motorways Being Delivered? 2014, [online]. (Accessed 01.01.14.) Available from:. http://www.highways.gov.uk/our-road-network/managing-our-roads/improving-our-network/smart-motorways/where-are-smart-motorways-being-delivered/.
22. HATRIS HA Traffic Information System (HATRIS) 2007, [online]. (Accessed 01.01.14.) Available from:. https://www.hatris.co.uk/.
23. Hitchins J., Morawska L., Wolff R., Gilbert D. Concentrations of submicrometre particles from vehicle emissions near a major road. Atmos. Environ. 2000, 34(1):51-59. 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00304-0.
24. Martini G., Manfredi U., Rocha M., Marotta A. Review of the European Test Procedure for Evaporative Emissions: Main Issues and Proposed Solutions 2012, European Commission, JRC Scientific and Policy Reports.
25. Mayer H. Air pollution in cities. Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33(24):4029-4037. 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00144-2.
26. Moisen G.G., Freeman E.A., Blackard J.A., Frescino T.S., Zimmermann N.E., Edwards T.C. Predicting tree species presence and basal area in Utah: a comparison of stochastic gradient boosting, generalized additive models, and tree-based methods. Ecol. Model. 2006, 199(2):176-187. 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.021.
27. Mudakavi J.R. Introduction to air pollution. Principles and Practices of Air Pollution Control and Analysis 2010, 3-133. I.K. International Publishing House.
28. NHMRC Air Quality in and Around Traffic Tunnels. Final Report 2008, Commonwealth of Australia, [online]. (Accessed 01.01.14.) Available from:. http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines/publications/eh42.
29. Pan H., Bartolome C., Gutierrez E., Princevac M., Edwards R., Boarnet M.G., Houston D. Investigation of roadside fine particulate matter concentration surrounding major arterials in five Southern Californian cities. J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. 2013, 63(4):482-498. 10.1080/10962247.2013.763867.
30. x and meteorological parameters in Kathmandu valley, Nepal. Atmos. Environ. 2006, 40(40):8081-8087. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.07.011.
31. R Core Team R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing 2012, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, URL. http://www.R-project.org/.
32. Richmond-Bryant J., Saganich C., Bukiewicz L., Kalin R. Associations of PM 2.5 and black carbon concentrations with traffic, idling, background pollution, and meteorology during school dismissals. Sci. Total Environ. 2009, 407(10):3357-3364. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.046.
33. Ridgeway G. Generalized Boosted Models: a Guide to the gbm Package 2007, R package vignette, URL. http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=gbm.
34. Ridgeway G. gbm: Generalized Boosted Regression Models 2012, R package version 1.6-3.2. http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=gbm.
35. 2 Emissions from Road Vehicles in the Hatfield and Bell Common Tunnels 2007, Published Project Report PPR262.
36. TRL The Highways Agency Roadside Air Pollution Monitoring Network Report - 2010 Volume I 2011.
37. Uhrner U., von Lowis S., Vehkamaki H., Wehner B., Brasel S., Hermann M., Stratmann F., Kulmal M., Wiedensohler M. Dilution and aerosol dynamics within a diesel car exhaust plume - CFD simulations of on-road measurement conditions. Atmos. Environ. 2007, 41(35):7440-7461. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.05.057.
38. Vardoulakis S., Fisher B.E., Pericleous K., Gonzalez-Flesca N. Modelling air quality in street canyons: a review. Atmos. Environ. 2003, 37(2):155-182. 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00857-9.
39. Weilenmann M., Favez J.Y., Alvarez R. Cold-start emissions of modern passenger cars at different low ambient temperatures and their evolution over vehicle legislation categories. Atmos. Environ. 2009, 43(15):2419-2429. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.005.
40. Wood C.R., Arnold S.J., Balogun A.A., Barlow J.F., Belcher S.E., Britter R.E., Cheng H., Dobre A., Lingard J.J.N., Martin D., Neophytou M.K., Petersson F.K., Robins A.G., Shallcross D.E., Smalley R.J., Tate J.E., Tomlin A.S., White I.R. Dispersion experiments in central London: the 2007 DAPPLE project. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2009, 90(7):955-969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009BAMS2638.1.