Split and Splitless Injection for Quantitative Gas Chromatography: Concepts, Processes, Practical Guidelines, Sources of Error: Fourth, Completely Revised Edition

Split and Splitless Injection for Quantitative Gas Chromatography: Concepts, Processes, Practical Guidelines, Sources of Error: Fourth, Completely Revised Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-460

  Grob, Konrad ^a  

^a Kantonales Labor Zurich   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

REVIEWS;

HIGH-RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHIES; INJECTION TECHNIQUES; MATRIX EFFECTS; PRACTICAL GUIDELINES; SPLITLESS INJECTION; WORKING GAS;

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY;

EID: 84950133539     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527612871     Document Type: Book

References (279)

1. D. Tong, A.M. Barnes, K.D. Bartle, and A.A. Clifford, "Valve Injection for Gas Chromatographic Analysis on Small-Bore Open Tubular Columns", J. Microcolumn Separations 8 (1996) 353.
2. J. Qian, C.E. Polymeropulos, and R. Ulisse, "Liquid Jet Evolution from a GC Injector", J. Chromatogr. 609 (1992) 269.
3. J.V. Hinshaw, "Syringes", LC-GC International 1 (4) (1988) 24.
4. O.K. Guha, "Effect of Injection Needle Dimensions in GC", J. Chromatogr. 292 (1984) 57.
5. K. Grob and S. Rennhard, "Evaluation of Syringe Handling Techniques for Injections into Vaporizing GC Injectors", HRC & CC 3 (1980) 627.
6. K. Grob and H.R Neukom, "The Influence of the Syringe Needle on the Precision and Accuracy of Vaporizing GC Injections", HRC & CC 2 (1979) 15.
7. F.-S. Wang, H. Shanfield, and A. Zlatkis, "Injection Temperature Effects Using On-Column and Split Sampling in Capillary GC", HRC & CC 6 (1983) 471.
8. P. Hilling (personal communication)
9. K. Grob and K. Grob, "On-Column Injection on to Glass Capillary Columns", J. Chromatogr. 151 (1978) 311.
10. K. Grob, and Ph. Matile, "Capillary GC of Glucosinolate-Derived Horseradish Constituents", Phytochemistry 19 (1980) 1789.
11. J. Roeraade, "Factors Affecting Sample Transfer from Microlitre Syringes", J. Chromatogr. 441 (1988) 367.
12. PA. Rodriguez, C.L Eddy, G.M. Ridder, and C.R. Culbertson, "Automated Quartz Injection Trap for Fused-Silica Capillary Columns", J. Chromatogr. 236 (1982) 39.
13. G. Schomburg, R. Dielmann, H. Borwitzky, and H. Husmann, "Capillary GC of Compounds of Low Volatility", in: G. Schomburg and L Rohrschneider (Eds.), Proc. 12th Int. Symp. on Chromatography, Baden-Baden, 1976, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1978) P157.
14. K. Grob, "Evaluation of Injection Techniques for Triglycerides in Capillary GC", J. Chromatogr. 178 (1979) 387.
15. G.L. Le Bel, and D.T. Williams, "Effect of Injection Solvent on GC Quantitation of some Polar Organophosphorus Pesticides", J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 62 (1979) 1353.
16. H. Brötell, "Syringe and Column Adsorption of Tertiary Amines in GC", J. Chromatogr. 196 (1980) 489.
17. D.I. Carroll, I. Dzidic, R.N. Stillwell, M.G. Horning, and E.C. Horning, "Subpicogram Detection System for Gas Phase Analysis Based upon Atmospheric Pressure lonisation (API) Mass Spectrometry", Anal. Chem. 46 (1974) 706.
18. M.S. Klee, "GC Inlets - An Introduction", Hewlett-Packard Co., Avondale (1991) 42.
19. K. Grob and H.P. Neukom, "Should the Septum Part of Vaporizing Injectors be Kept at Lower Temperature?" J. Chromatogr. 198 (1980) 64.
20. G. Schomburg, H. Husmann, and R. Rittmann, "Direct (On-Column) Sampling into Glass Capillary Columns. Comparative Investigations on Split, Splitless and On-Column Sampling", J. Chromatogr. 204 (1981) 85.
21. G. Reglero, M. Herraiz, and M.D. Cabezudo, "Sampling in Capillary GC: A Comparison between the Split and the PTV-Split Procedures", Chromatography 22 (1986) 333.
22. K. Grob, "Broadening of Peaks Eluted Before the Solvent in Capillary GC. Part 1: The Role of Solvent Trapping", Chromatographia 17 (1983) 357.
23. K. Grob and B. Schilling, "Broadening of Peaks Eluted Before the Solvent in Capillary GC. Part 2: The Role of Phase Soaking", Chromatographia 17 (1983) 361.
24. J. F. Pankow, W.E. Asher, and LM. Isabelle, "Reduction of GC Needle Volatilization and Septum Bleed with Active Septum Cooling", Anal. Chem. 55 (1983) 1451.
25. G. Schomburg, U. Häusig, H. Husmann, and H. Behlau, "Sampling onto Capillary Columns. Difficulties with Various Types of Samples. A Simple Accessory to Split Injectors for Avoidance of Discrimination", Chromatographia 19 (1984) 29.
26. G. Schomburg and U. Häusig, "Application of the 'Cooled Needle'Technique to Split and Splitless Sampling onto Capillary Columns", HRC & CC 8 (1985) 572.
27. W.D. Snyder, "Automatic Sample Handling. Fast Injection with the HP 7673A Automatic Injector: Chemical Performance", Technical Paper Nr. 108, Hewlett-Packard (1985).
28. K. Grob, "Sample Evaporation in Conventional GC Split/Splitless Injectors; Part 1: Some Quantitative Estimates Concerning Heat Consumption during Evaporation", HRC 15 (1992) 190.
29. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 66th edition, R.C. Weast (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (1985) D-173.
30. Landolt-Börnstein, Physikalisch-Chemische Tabellen II, Springer (1923) 1434.
31. Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker, 2nd edition, J.D'Ans and E. Lax (Eds) Springer, Berlin (1949) 1130.
32. A.E. Kaufman and C.E. Polymeropoulos, "Study of the Injection Process in a GC Split Injection Port", J. Chromatogr. 454 (1988) 23.
33. J. Bowermaster, "The Influence of Evaporation Dynamics on Precision in Split Capillary GC", HRC & CC 11 (1988) 802.
34. K. Grob and M. De Martin, "Sample Evaporation in Conventional GC Split/Splitless Injectors; Part 2: Three Scenarios Visually Observed in Empty Injector Inserts Using Perylene", HRC 15 (1992) 335.
35. K. Grob and M. Biedermann, "Video-Taped Sample Evaporation in Hot Chambers Simulating GC Split/Splitless Injectors; Part 1, Thermospray Injection", J. Chromatogr. (in press).
36. J. Qian, C.E. Polymeropulos, and R. Ulisse, "Liquid Jet Evolution from a GC Injector", J. Chromatogr. 609 (1992) 269.
37. K. Grob and M. De Martin, "Sample Evaporation in Conventional Split/Splitless GC Injectors; Part 3: Retaining the Liquid in the Vaporizing Chamber", HRC 15 (1992) 399.
38. W.G. Jennings, "Glass Inlet Splitter for GC", J. Chromatogr. Sei. 13 (1975) 185.
39. E. Bayer and G.H. Liu, "New Split Injection Technique in Capillary Column GC", J. Chromatogr. 256 (1983) 201.
40. G. Liu and Z. Xin, "The Glass Insert in Stop-Flow Split Injection", Chromatographia 29 (1990) 385.
41. K. Grob and C. Wagner, "Inserts Promoting Sample Evaporation in Vaporizing GC Injectors: Effectiveness and Inertness", HRC 16 (1993) 429.
42. G. Schomburg, H. Behlau, R. Dielmann, F. Weeke, and H. Husmann, "Sampling Techniques in Capillary GC", J. Chromatogr. 142 (1977) 87.
43. J.L. Marshall and B. Crowe, "Evaluation and Optimization of a Splitter Injector for Capillary Chromatography", Chromatographia 19 (1984) 335.
44. K. Grob and M. Biedermann, "Video-Taped Sample Evaporation in Hot Chambers Simulating GC Split/Splitless Injectors; Part 2, Injection with Band Formation", J. Chromatogr. A (2000).
45. O. Driessen and J. Lugtenberg, "Determination of Adsorption by Fluorescence in GC", HRC & CC 3 (1980) 405.
46. O. Wüestand W. Meier, "Bestimmung von sieben insecticiden Carbamaten auf Früchten und Gemüsen mit Capillar-Säulen GC und AFID", Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 177 (1983) 25.
47. K.Grob, "Evaluation of Capillary GC for Thermolabile Phenylurea Herbicides; Comparison of different Columns Including Fused Silica", J. Chromatogr. 208 (1981) 217.
48. H.-M. Müller and H.-J. Stan, "Thermal Degradation Observed with Different Injection Techniques: Quantitative Estimation by the Use of Thermolabile Carbamate Pesticides", HRC 13 (1990) 759.
49. V. Vignier, F. Berthou, and D. Picart, "Influence of Injection Systems on the GC Analysis of Oxygenated Dibenzothiophenes", HRC & CC 6 (1983) 661.
50. J.T. Anderson, "Stability of Dibenzothiophene Oxides Under GC Conditions", HRC & CC 7 (1984) 334.
51. S. Klick, "Evaluation of Different Injection Techniques in the GC Determination of Thermolabile Trace Impurities in a Drug Substance", J. Chromatogr. 689 (1995) 69.
52. J. Volmut, E. Matisova, and P.T. Ha, "Influence of Injector Liner Packing on the Analysis of Antiepileptic Drugs by Capillary GC", HRC 12 (1989) 760.
53. H. Husmann, G. Schomburg, K.-D. Müller, H.P. Nalik, and G. von Recklinghausen, "GC FAME Analysis for Characterization of Bacteria: Formation of Aldehydes from 3-Hydroxy Fatty Acid Methyl Esters During Sample Introduction", HRC 13 (1990) 780.
54. J.N. Cardoso and J.C. Afonso, "Behavior of Branched Bromo-alkanes in Vaporizing Injectors", HRC & CC 11 (1988) 537.
55. L.L. Plotczyk, "Application of Fused-Silica Capillary GC to the Analysis of Underivatized Drugs", J. Chromatogr. 240 (1982) 349.
56. K. Grob, G. Grob, and K. Grob, "Comprehensive, Standardized Quality test for Glass Capillary Columns", J. Chromatogr. 156 (1978) 1.
57. K. Grob and G. Grob, "Practica! Capillary GC - a Systematic Approach", HRC & CC 2 (1979) 109.
58. K. Grob, G. Grob, B. Brechbuehler, and P. Pichler, "Straightening of the Ends of Glass Capillary Columns", J. Chromatogr. 205 (1981) 1.
59. D. Kaiman, "Optimized Injection for Determination of Free Phenols by GC using Fused Silica Columns", HRC & CC 6 (1983) 564.
60. E. Bayer and G.H. Liu, "New Split Injection Technique in Capillary Column GC", J. Chromatogr. 256 (1983) 201.
61. PL. Wylie, K.J. Klein, M.Q. Thompson, and B.W. Hermann, "Using Electronic Pressure Programming to Reduce the Decomposition of Labile Compounds in Splitless Injection", HRC 15 (1992) 763.
62. K. Grob, "Evaluation of Capillary GC for Thermolabile Phenylurea Herbicides; Comparison of Different Columns Including Fused Silica", J. Chromatogr. 208 (1981) 217.
63. K. Grob und Ch. Wagner, "Procedura for Testing Inertness of Inserts and Insert Packing Materials for GC Injectors", HRC 16 (1993) 464.
64. Kurt Grob, "Making and Manipulating Capillary Columns for GC", Huethig, Heidelberg, 1986.
65. D.C. Fenimore, CM. Chester, J.H. Whitford, and C. A. Harrington, "Vapor Phase Silylation of Laboratory Glassware", Anal. Chem. 48 (1976) 2289.
66. H.-M. Müller and H.-J. Stan, "Pesticide Residue Analysis in Food with CGC - Study of the Long-Term Stability by the Use of Different Injection Techniques", HRC 13 (1990) 697.
67. J.V. Hinshaw, "GC Troubleshooting, Detectors", LC-GC Int. 1/3 (1988) 24.
68. Th. Welsch, W. Engewald, and Ch. Klaucke, Chromatographia 10 (1977) 22.
69. K. Grob, G. Grob, and K. Grob, "deactivation of Glass Capillary Columns by Silylation", HRC & CC 2 (1979) 31.
70. K. Grob, G. Grob, W. Blum, and W. Walther, "Preparation of Inert Glass Capillary Columns for GC", J. Chromatogr. 244 (1982) 197.
71. M.W. Ogden and H.M. McNair, "Characteristics of Fused Silica Capillary Tubing by Contact Angle Measurement", J. Chromatogr. 354 (1986) 7.
72. T. Welsch, R. Müller, W. Engewald, and G. Werner, "Surface Modification of Glass Capillaries by High Temperature Silylation", J. Chromatogr. 241 (1982) 41.
73. K. Grob, "On-Line Coupled LC-GC", Huthig, Heidelberg, p. 186.
74. Th. Welsch and U. Teichmann, "The Thermal Immobilization of Hydroxy-Terminated Silicone Phases in High-Temperature-Silylated Glass Capillaries. A Study of Reaction Mechanisms." HRC 14 (1991) 153.
75. K. Grob and Th. Vorburger, "Testing the Polarity and Adsorptivity of Nondeactivated GC Capillary Surfaces", HRC 19 (1996) 27.
76. Schomburg, H. Husmann, and F. Schultz, "On-Column Injection with Split/Splitless Sampling onto GC Capillary Columns", HRC & CC 5 (1982) 565.
77. C. Bicchi, A. D'Amato, A. Galli, and M. Galli, "Cold On-Column/Sample Split Injection by a Three-Way Press-Fit Device", HRC 13 (1990) 649.
78. D.H. Smith, PF. Bente III, R.R. Freeman, and J.E. Cusack, "A New Multi-Mode Inlet System for High Resolution GC", Technical Paper 74, Hewlett-Packard (1978).
79. LS. Ettre, "Sample Introduction into Open-Tubular Columns - History", in "Sample Introduction in Capillary GC", P. Sandra (Ed.), Hüthig, Heidelberg, (1985) 1.
80. D.H. Desty, Abh. Deut. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Kl. Chem. Geol. Biol. 9 (1959) 176.
81. R.D. Condon, "Design Considerations for a GC System Employing High Efficiency Golay Columns", Anal. Chem. 31 (1959) 1717.
82. LS. Ettre and W. Averill, "Investigation of the Linearity of a Stream Splitter for Capillary GC", Anal. Chem. 33 (1961) 680.
83. H. Bruderreck, W. Schneider, and I. Halasz, "Quantitative GC Analysis of Hydrocarbons with Capillary Columns and FID. IV. Principle of a New Splitting System", J. Gas Chromatogr. 5 (1967) 91.
84. Ä.L. German and E.C. Horning, "Capillary Column Inlet System for the GC of Biological Samples", Anal. Letters 5 (1972) 619.
85. G. Schomburg, H. Behlau, R. Dielmann, F. Weeke, and H. Husmann, "Sampling Techniques in Capillary GC", J. Chromatogr. 142 (1977) 87.
86. W.G. Jennings, "Glass Inlet Splitter for GC", J. Chromatogr. Sei. 13 (1975) 185.
87. K. Grob and H.-P. Neukom, "The Influence of the Syringe Needle on the Precision and Accuracy of Vaporizing GC Injections", HRC & CC 2 (1979) 15.
88. J.V. Hinshaw, "Setting Up an Inlet Splitter", LC-GC Int. 2(5) (1990) 26.
89. T.W. Card, Z.Y. Al-Saigh, and P. Münk, "Diffusion in the Bubble Flow Meter in Inverse GC Experiments", J. Chromatogr. 301 (1984) 261.
90. D. Rittenhouse and T. Tait, "A New Technology for More Accurate Gas Flow Rate Measurement", Am. Lab., Sept. 1992.
91. W. Jennings, "GC with Glass Capillary Columns", 2nd edn., Academic Press, New York, London, Toronto, Sidney, San Francisco (1980) 75.
92. G. Guiochon, "Influence of Injection Time on the Efficiency of GC Columns", Anal. Chem. 35 (1963) 399.
93. J.C. Sternberg, "Extra Column Contributions to Chromatographic Band Broadening", in: J.C. Giddings and R.A. Keller (Eds), Advances in Chromatography, Vol. 2, Marcel Dekker, New York (1966) 205.
94. G. Gaspar, R. Arpino, C. Vidal-Madjar, and G. Guiochon, "Influence of Instrumental Contributions on the Apparent Column Efficiency in High Speed GC", Anal. Chem. 50 (1978) 1512.
95. K.D. Bartle, in: M.L. Lee, F.J. Yang, and K.D. Bartle, "Open Tubular Column GC", John Wiley, New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore (1984) 42.
96. J.V. Hinshaw, "Split injection", in: P. Sandra (Ed.) Sample Introduction in Capillary GC, Volume 1, Hüthig, Heidelberg, (1985) 42.
97. A.K. Bemgard and A.L Colmsjö, "Influence of Extra-Column Effects in Capillary GC", HRC 13 (1990) 689.
98. M. van Lieshout, R. Derks, H.-G. Janssen, and CA. Cramers, "Fast Capillary GC: Comparison of Different Approaches", HRC 21 (1998) 583.
99. P. van Ysacker, H.M. Snijders, H.-G. Janssen, and CA. Cramers, "The Use of Non-Splitting Injection Techniques for Trace Analysis in Narrow-Bore Capillary GC", HRC 21 (1998), 491.
100. B.A. Ewels and R.D. Sacks, "Electrically Heated Cold Trap Inlet System for High-Speed GC", Anal. Chem. 57 (1985) 2774.
101. LA. Lanning, R.D. Sacks, R.F. Mouradian, S.P. Levine, and J.A. Foulke, "Electrically Heated Cold Trap Inlet System for Computer-Controlled High-Speed GC", Anal. Chem. 60 (1988) 1994.
102. J.P.EM. Rijks, H.M.J. Snijders, A.J. Bombeeck, H.E.M van Leuten, and J.A. Rijks, "Recent Advances in Cryofocussed Sample Introduction and Applicability of High Speed Capillary GC", Proc. 13th Int. Symp. on Capillary Chromatography, Riva del Garda, 1991, P. Sandra (Ed.), Hüthig, Heidelberg (1991) 35.
103. A.J. Borgerding and C.W. Wilkerson Jr., "A Comparison of Cryofocusing Injectors for Gas Sampling and Analysis in Fast GC", Anal. Chem. 68 (1996) 2874.
104. P.Husekand CC Sweeley, "GC Separation of Protein Amino Acids in Four Minutes", HRC 14 (1991) 751.
105. K. Grob and Ph. Matile, "Comparmentation of Ascorbic Acid in Vacuoles of Horseradish Root Cells. Note on Vacuolar Peroxidase", Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 98 (1080) 235.
106. CRM. Schutjes, E.A. Vermeer, J.A. Rijks, and CA. Cramers, "Increased Speed of Analysis in Isothermal and Temperature-Programmed Capillary GC by Reduction of the Column Inner Diameter", J. Chromatogr. 253 (1982) 1.
107. J.E. Purcell, "Quantitative Capillary GC Analysis", Chromatographia 15 (1982) 546.
108. B. Kolb, "Analysis of Food Contaminants by Headspace GC", in: J. Gilbert (Ed.), Analysis of Food Contaminants, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1984) 127.
109. B. Kolb (Ed.), Applied Headspace GC, Heyden, London (1980).
110. B. Kolb, "Headspace GC with Capillary Columns", in: Sample Introduction in Capillary GC, P. Sandra (Ed.) Hüthig, Heidelberg (1985) 191.
111. K. Grob and P. Freeh, "0.53 mm i.d. vs 0.32 mm i.d. GC Columns: Are Large Diameter Columns Necessary?", Am. Lab., Aug. 1988,19.
112. K. Grob and G. Grob, "Capillary Columns with Very Thick Coatings", HRC & CC 6 (1983) 133.
113. F. David, M. Proot, and P. Sandra, "On the Efficiency of Capillary Columns Coated with Medium Polarity Thick Films", HRC & CC 8 (1985) 551.
114. K. Groband H.P. Neukom, "Pressure and Flow Changes in Vaporizing GC Injectors during Injections and their Impact on Split Ratio and Discrimination of Sample Components", HRC&CC 2 (1979) 563.
115. K. Grob and H.P. Neukom, "Dependence of the Splitting Ratio on Column Temperature in Split Injection Capillary GC", J. Chromatogr. 236 (1982) 297.
116. A.E. Kaufman and CE. Polymeropoulosr. "Study of the Injection Process in a GC Split Injection Port", J. Chromatogr. 454 (1988) 23.
117. CD. Bannon, J.D. Craske, D.L Felder, and LM. Norman, "An Investigation of Pre-Set and Actual Splitting Ratios in Split Injection Capillary GC", J. Chromatogr. 404 (1987) 340.
118. K. Grob, "Stability of the FID Sensitivity during an Analysis in Capillary GC", HRC & CC 3 (1980) 286.
119. CD. Bannon, J.D. Craske, D.L. Felder, I.J. Garland, and L.M. Norman, "Analysis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters with High Accuracy and Reliability. VI. Rapid Analysis by Split Injection Capillary GC." J. Chromatogr. 407 (1987) 231.
120. K. Grob, "Split Injection in Capillary GC", in: R.E. Kaiser (Ed.), Proc. 4th Int. Symp. on Capillary Chromatography, Hindelang 1981, Hüthig, Heidelberg (1981) 185.
121. E. Bayer and G.H. Liu, "New Split Injection Technique in Capillary Column GC", J. Chromatogr. 256 (1983) 201.
122. G. Liu and Z. Xin, "Basic Aspects of Stop Flow Split Injection", Chromatographia 28 (1989) 385.
123. G. Liu and Z. Xin, "Sample Plug Tailing and Cold Trap Effect in Hot Split Sampling", Chromatographia 28 (1989) 639.
124. D. Nurok and T.J. Reardon, "Operating Conditions for the Determination of Sucrose by Capillary GC", Anal. Chem. 50 (1978) 855.
125. A.L. German and E.C. Horning, J. Chromatogr. Sei. 11 (1973) 76.
126. M.J. Hartigan and LS. Ettre, "Questions Related to GC Systems with Glass Open-Tubular Columns", J. Chromatogr. 119 (1976) 187.
127. F. Munari and S. Trestianu, "Comparison of some Quantitative Results Obtained with Non-Vaporizing Cold On-Column and Vaporizing Split-Splitless Injection Techniques", in: R.E. Kaiser (Ed.), Proc. 4th Int. Symp. on Capillary Chromatography, Hindelang 1981, Hüthig, Heidelberg, Basel, New York (1981) 349.
128. V. Ferreira, A. Escudero, J. Salafranca, R Fernandez, and J. Cacho, "Matrix Effects and Solute Discrimination when Injecting Dirty Samples in Capillary Columns. Comparative Study between Classical Split and Splitless Injections", J. Chromatogr. A 655 (1993) 257.
129. K. Grob and B. Schilling, "Observation of a Peak under the Action of 'Phase Soaking', a GC Solvent Effect, during Passage through a Capillary Column", J. Chromatogr. 259 (1983) 37.
130. K. Grob and B. Schilling, "Broadening of Peaks Eluted Before the Solvent in Capillary GC", Chromatographia 17 (1983) 357 and 361.
131. K. Grob, "On-Column Injection in Capillary GC", Hüthig, Heidelberg (1987) 245.
132. G. Schomburg, R. Dielmann, H. Borwitzky, and H. Husmann, "Capillary GC of Compounds of Low Volatility", in: G. Schomburg and L Rohrschneider (Eds.), Proceedings 12th Int. Symp. on Chromatography, Baden-Baden, 1976, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1978) P 157.
133. G. Schomburg, "Practical Limitations of Capillary GC", HRC & CC, 2 (1979) 461.
134. M.G. Proske, M. Bender, G, Schomburg, and E Hübinger, "Routine Quantitative GC Analysis of Pesticides for Quality and Production Control Using Capillary Columns and On-Column (Syringe) Sampling", J. Chromatogr. 240 (1982) 95.
135. R.T. Li, "Quantitative Determination of Herbicides by Capillary GC", HRC & CC 6 (1983) 680.
136. J. Bowermaster, "The Influence of Evaporation Dynamics on Precision in Split Capillary GC", HRC & CC 11 (1988) 802.
137. K. Grob, H.P. Neukom, and P. Hilling, "Glass Wool in the Inserts of Split Injectors for Capillary GC?", HRC & CC 4 (1981) 203.
138. K. Grob, H.P. Neukom and H. Kaderli, "Higher Alcohols in Alcoholic Beverages by Direct Analysis on Glass Capillary Columns", HRC & CC 1 (1978) 98.
139. K. Grob, "Solvent Effects in Capillary GC", J. Chromatogr. 279 (1983) 225.
140. M. Altorfer, Kantonales Labor Zürich, personal communication.
141. Kurt Grob and Gertrud Grob, "Splitless Injection on Capillary Columns, Part I, The Basic Technique; Steroid Analysis as an Example", J. Chromatogr. Sei. 7 (1969) 584, and "Part II, Conditions and Limits, Practical Realization", J. Chromatogr. Sei. 7 (1969) 587.
142. Kurt Grob and Konrad Grob, "Isothermal Analysis on Capillary Columns without Stream Splitting; the Role of the Solvent", J. Chromatogr. 94 (1974) 53.
143. K. Grob, "Solvent Effects in Capillary GC", J. Chromatogr. 279 (1983) 225.
144. K. Grob, "On-Column Injection in Capillary GC", Hüthig, Heidelberg (1987) 270 and 302.
145. K.Grob and A. Artho, "Distorted Solvent Peaks in Capillary GC: A Symptom of Porous Column Surfaces", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 13 (1990) 803.
146. Kurt Grob and G. Grob, "Techniques of Capillary GC. Possibilities of the Full Utilization of High-Performance Columns. Part I: Direct Sample Injection", Chromatographia 5 (1972) 3.
147. J.V. Hinshaw, "The Effects of Inlet Liner Configuration and Septum Purge Flow Rate on Discrimination in Splitless Injection", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 16 (1993) 247.
148. R.D. De Veaux and M. Szelewski, "Optimizing Automatic Splitless Injection Parameters for GC Environmental Analysis", J. Chromatogr. Sei. 27 (1989) 513.
149. K. Grob, M. Biedermann, and Z. Li, "Checking the Capacity of a Splitless Injector - a Simple Test", J. Chromatogr. 448 (1988) 387.
150. K. Grob and M. Biedermann, "Injector Chambers for Classical GC Splitless Injection Must be Large!", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 12 (1989) 89.
151. R.P. Snell, J.W. Danielson, and G.S. Oxborrow, "Parameters Affecting the Quantitative Performance of Cold On-Column and Splitless Injection Systems Used in Capillary GC", J. Chromatogr. Sei. 25 (1987) 225.
152. H.B. Lee, R. Szawiola, and R.S. Y. Chau, "Solvent Effects on Response Factors for Polynu-clear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Determined by Capillary GC Using Splitless Injection", J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 70 (1987) 929.
153. K. Grob, "Solvent Effects on Response Factors - Problems in Performing Splitless Injection", Letter to the Editor, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 71 (1988) 76A.
154. C.-G. Hammar, "New Injector Design for Splitless Capillary Column GC", J. Chromatogr. 249 (1982) 167.
155. A. Kaufmann, "Prevention of Vapor Overflow in Splitless Injection by a Novel Injector Design", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 21 (1998) 258.
156. Ph.L. Wylie R.J. Phillips, K.J. Klein, M.Q. Thompson, and B.W. Hermann, "Improving Splitless Injection with Electronic Pressure Programming", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 14 (1991) 649.
157. K. Groband K. Grob, "Splitless Injection and the Solvent Effect", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 1 (1978) 57.
158. F.J. Yang, A.C. Brown, III, and S.P. Cram, "Splitless Sampling for Capillary-Column GC", J. Chromatogr. 158 (1978) 91.
159. K. Grob, S. Brem, and D. Fröhlich, "Splitless Injection of up to Hundreds of Microliters of Liquid Samples in Capillary GC: Part 1, Concept", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 15 (1992) 659.
160. K. Grob and S. Brem, "Splitless Injection of up to Hundreds of Microliters of Liquid Samples in Capillary GC: Part 2, Experimental Results", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 15 (1992) 715.
161. K. Grob and D. Fröhlich, "Splitless Injection of Large Volumes of Aqueous Samples - A Basic Feasibility Study", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 16 (1993) 224.
162. K. Grob and D. Fröhlich, "Splitless Injection of Large Volumes: Improved Carrier Gas Regulation System", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 15 (1992) 812.
163. K. Grob and Ch. Siegrist, "Determination of Mineral Oil on Jute Bags by 20-50 nl Splitless Injection onto a 3 m Capillary Column", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 17 (1994) 674.
164. T. Suzuki, K. Yaguchi, K. Ohnishi, and T. Yamagishi, "GC Detection of Tris(2-chloroethyl) and Tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate in Groundwater by Large Volume Injection", J. AOAC Int. 77 (1994) 1647.
165. Th. Noy, E. Weiss, T. Herps, H. Van Cruchten, and J. Rijks, "On-Line Combination of LC and Capillary GC. Preconcentration and Analysis of Organic Compounds in Aqueous Samples", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 11 (1988) 181
166. K. Grob and E. Müller, "Co-Solvent Effects for Preventing Broadening or Loss of Early Eluted Peaks when Using Concurrent Solvent Evaporation in Capillary GC. Part 1: Concept of the Technique", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 11 (1988) 388.
167. T. Suzuki, K. Yaguchi, K. Ohnishi, and T. Yamagishi, "Determination of Pesticides in Water by Capillary GC with Splitless Injection of Large Sample Volumes", J. Chromatogr. A 662 (1994) 139.
168. U. Boderius, K. Grob, and M. Biedermann, "High Temperature Vaporizing Chambers for Large Volume GC Injections and On-Line LC-GC", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 18 (1995) 573
169. K. Grob and M. Biedermann, "Vaporising Systems for Large Volume Injection or On-Line Transfer into GC: Classification, Critical Remarks, and Suggestions (Review)", J. Chromatogr. 750 (1996) 11.
170. K. Grob and A. Romann, "Sample Transfer in Splitless Injections in Capillary GC", J. Chromatogr. 214 (1981) 118.
171. Ph.L Wylie R.J. Phillips, K.J. Klein, M.Q. Thompson, and B.W. Hermann, "Using Electronic Pressure Programming to Reduce the Decomposition of Labile Compounds During Splitless Injection", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 15 (1992) 763.
172. PL Wylie and K. Uchiyama, "Improved GC Analysis of Organophosphorus Pesticides with Pulsed Splitless Injection", J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 79 (1996) 571.
173. M. Vincenti, C. Minero, and M. Sega, "Optimized Splitless Injection of Hydroxylated PCBs by Pressure Pulse Programming", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 18 (1995) 490.
174. S. Klick, "Evaluation of Different Injection Techniques in the GC Determination of Ther-molabile Trace Impurities in a Drug Substance", J. Chromatogr. A 689 (1995) 69.
175. K. Grob, A. Artho, Ch. Frauenfelder, and I. Roth, "Charcoal Open Tubular Traps for the Analysis of Air and Headspace Samples", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 13 (1990) 257.
176. P. Van Ysacker, H.M. Snijders, H.-G. Janssen, and CA. Cramers, "The Use of Non-Splitting Injection Techniques for Trace Analysis in Narrow Bore Capillary GC", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 21 (1998) 491.
177. J.D. Kokanovich, T.F. Simonick, and V.W. Watts, "High Speed Analysis of Underivatized Drugs by GC/MS", in: P. Sandra (Ed.), Proc. 9th Int. Symp. on Capillary Chromatography, Monterey 1988, Hüthig, Heidelberg (1988) 550.
178. J.J. Langenfeld, S.B. Hawthorne, and D.J. Miller, "Optimizing Split/Splitless Injection Port Parameters for SPME", J. Chromatogr. 740 (1996) 139.
179. N.H. Snow and P. Okeyo, "Initial Band Width Resulting from Splitless and SPME-GC Injections", Proc. 18th Int. Symp. Capillary Chromatography, Riva del Garda, 1996, P. Sandra and G. Devos (Eds.), Hüthig, Heidelberg, 1996, 709.
180. A. Kaufmann, "Maximum Transfer Conditions for Splitless Injection", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 20 (1997) 193.
181. D.R. Erney, A.M. Gillespie, D.M. Gilvydis, and C.F. Poole, "Explanation of the Matrix-Induced Chromatographic Response Enhancement of Organophosphorus Pesticides dur- ing Open Tubular Column GC with Splitless or Hot On-Column Injection and FPD", J. Chromatogr. 638 (1993) 57.
182. H.-M. Müllerand H.-J. Stan, "Pesticide Residue Analysis in Food with CGC - Study of the Long-Term Stability by the Use of Different Injection Techniques", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 13 (1990) 697.
183. D.R. Erney and C.F. Poole, "A Study of Single Compound Additives to Minimize the Matrix Induced Chromatographic Response Enhancement Observed in the GC of Pesticide Residues", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 16 (1993) 501.
184. J. Hajslova, K. Holadova, V. Kocourek, J. Poustka, M. Godula, P. Cuhra, and M. Kempny, "Matrix-induced effects: a critical point in the GC analysis of pesticide residues", J. Chromatogr. 800 (1998) 283.
185. J.L Bernal, M.J. del Nozal, J.J. Jimenez, and J.M. Rivera, "Matrix Effect in the Determination of Acaricides and Fungicides in Must by GC with ECD and NPD", J. Chromatogr. 778 (1997) 111.
186. D.R. Erney and T.M. Pawlowski, "Matrix-Induced Peak Enhancement of Pesticides in GC: Is There a Solution?", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 20 (1997) 375.
187. K. Grob, and M. Bossart, "Effect of Dirt on Quantitative Analysis by Capillary GC with Splitless Injection", J. Chromatogr. 294 (1984) 65.
188. A. Shatkay and S. Flavian, "Unrecognized Systematic Errors in Quantitative Analysis by GLC", Anal. Chem. 49 (1977) 2222.
189. A. Shatkay, "Effect of Concentration on the Internal Standards Method in GLC", Anal. Chem. 50 (1978) 1423.
190. K. Grob and H.P. Neukom, "Glass Wool in the Injector Insert for Quantitative Analysis in Splitless Injection", Chromatographia 18 (1984) 517.
191. K. Grob, "Band Broadening Effects and Reconcentration Techniques Related to Injection on to Capillary GC Columns", Anal. Proc. (London) 19 (1982) 293.
192. K. Grob, "On-Column Injection in Capillary GC", Hüthig, Heidelberg (1986, 1991) 110.
193. K. Grob and K. Grob, "Are we Using the Full Range of Film Thickness in Capillary GLC?", Chromatographia 10 (1977) 250.
194. K. Grob, G. Grob, and Kurt Grob, "Comprehensive, Standardized Quality test for Glass Capillary Columns", J. Chromatogr. 156 (1978) 1.
195. K.D. Bartle, in "GC, A Practical Approach", P.J. Baugh (Ed.), IRL Press, Oxford (1993) 10.
196. J.C. Sternberg, "Extra Column Contributions to Chromatographic Band Broadening", in: J.C. Giddings and R.A. Keller (Eds), Advances in Chromatography, Vol. 2, Marcel Dekker, New York (1966) 205.
197. M. Oehme, "Hochauflösende Gaschromatographie", Hüthig, Heidelberg (1986).
198. K. Grob, "Partial Solvent Trapping in Capillary GC. Description of a Solvent Effect", J. Chromatogr. 251 (1982) 235.
199. K. Grob, "Solvent Trapping in Capillary GC. Two Step Chromatography", J. Chromatogr. 253 (1982) 17.
200. V. Pretorius, C.S.G. Philips, and W. Bertsch, "Solute Focusing in GLC, Using the Solvent Effect: A General Description", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 6 (1983) 232.
201. K. Grob and B. Schilling, "Observation of a Peak under the Action of "Phase Soaking", a GC Solvent Effect, during Passage through a Capillary Column", J. Chromatogr. 259 (1983) 37.
202. K. Grob, "On-Column Injection in Capillary GC", Hüthig (1987, 1991) 245.
203. K. Grob, "Peak Broadening or Splitting Caused by Solvent Flooding after Splitless or On-Column Injection in Capillary GC", J. Chromatogr. 219 (1981) 13.
204. K. Grob, "Band Broadening in Space in Splitless Injection", J. Chromatogr. 324 (1985) 251.
205. K. Grob, H.R Neukom, and M.-L. Riekkola, "Length of the Flooded Zone in the Column Inlet and Evaluation of Different Retention Gaps for Capillary GC", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 7 (1984) 319.
206. K. Grob, "On-Column Injection in Capillary GC", Hüthig, Heidelberg, (1987,1991) 118.
207. W.L Saxton, "Chromatographic Terminal Band Lengths", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 7 (1984) 117.
208. K. Grob and Z. Li, "Introduction of Water and Water-Containing Solvent Mixtures in Capillary GC. I. Failure to Produce Water-Wettable Precolumns (Retention Gaps)", J. Chromatogr. 473 (1989) 381.
209. K. Grob and Z. Li, "Introduction of Water and Water-Containing Solvent Mixtures in Capillary GC. II. Wettability of Precolumns by Mixtures of Organic Solvents and Water; Retention Gap Techniques", J. Chromatogr. 473 (1989) 391.
210. K. Grob and Z. Li, "Introduction of Water and Water-Containing Solvent Mixtures in Capillary GC. III. Water-Resistant Deactivation of Uncoated Precolumns?", J. Chromatogr. 473 (1989) 401.
211. A. Pouwelse, D. de Jong, and J.H.M. van den Berg, "Use of Polar Coated Retention Gap for the Introduction of Large Volumes of Polar Solvents in On-Column Capillary GC", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 11 (1988) 607.
212. K. Grob and A. Artho, "Carbowax-Deactivated GC Precolumns Capable of Resisting Water?", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 14 (1991) 212.
213. K. Grob, "On-Column Injection in Capillary GC", Hüthig, Heidelberg, (1987, 1991) 368.
214. K. Grob, "Sample Introduction in Capillary GC", Kemia-Kemi 11 (1984) 732.
215. K. Grob, "On-Column Injection in Capillary GC", Hüthig, Heidelberg, (1987, 1991) 403.
216. R.F. Arrendale, J.T. Stewart, and R.M. Martin, "Effects of the Pre-Column in Automated On-Column Injection Capillary GC", J. Chromatogr. 518 (1990) 307.
217. G. R. van der Hoff, R van Zoonen, and K. Grob, "Deactivation of Precolumns for Capillary GC by Thin Layer of OV-1701", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 17 (1994) 37.
218. C.L. Wooley, K.E. Markides, M.L. Lee, and K. D. Bartle, "Deactivation of Small Diameter Fused Silica Capillary Columns with Organosilicon Hydrides", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 9 (1986) 506.
219. M. Hetem, G. Rutten, B. Vermeer, J. Rijks, L. van de Ven, J. de Haan, and CA. Cramers, "Deactivation with Polymethylhydrosiloxane. A Comparative Study with Capillary GC and Solid State 29Si Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy", J. Chromatogr. 477 (1989) 3.
220. K. Grob, "On-Column Injection in Capillary GC", Hüthig, Heidelberg (1987,1991) 159.
221. K. Grob, "A Current, Easily Reparable Form of Damage to GC Capillaries", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 1 (1978) 307.
222. K. Grob and B. Schilling, "Uncoated Capillary Column Inlets (Retention Gaps) in GC", J. Chromatogr. 391 (1987) 3.
223. R.F. Arrendale, J.T. Stewart, M.E. Mispagel, and B. Vitavirasuk, "Comparison of Cold On-Column and Splitless Injection Using an Automatic Liquid Sampler: Application to the Determination of GX-071 in Animal Ration", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 12 (1989) 749.
224. K. Grob, "On-Column Injection in Capillary GC", Hüthig, Heidelberg (1987,1991) 441.
225. E.R. Rohwer, V. Pretorias, and V. Pretorius, "Simple Press-Fit Connections for Flexible Fused Silica Tubing in GLC", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 9 (1986) 295.
226. J. Roeraade, "Cutting of Glass and Fused Silica Capillaries", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 6 (1983) 140.
227. K. Grob, M. Biedermann, K. Bernath, H.-P. Neukom, and M. Galli, "Call for Fused Silica Tubing Furnishing Tight Press-Fit Connections", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 15 (1992) 613.
228. C. Wesen and H. Mu, "Re-Use of Press-Fit Connectors and Splitters for GC Capillary Columns", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 15 (1992) 136.
229. M. Vecchiand W. Walther, "Simple and Versatile Method for Connecting Fused Silica and Glass Capillaries", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 11 (1988) 337.
230. A. Bemgard and C. Ostman, "High Temperature and High Pressure Stable Gluing of Press-Fit Connectors for Fused Silica and Metal Capillary Tubing", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 15 (1992) 131.
231. J. Clark and B.A. Jones, "Fused Quartz Couplings for Capillary Columns and Restrictors in SFC", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 15 (1992) 341.
232. K. Grob, K. Grob, and G. Grob, "Organic Substances in Potable Water and in Its Precursor. Ill, The Closed Loop Stripping Procedure Compared with the Rapid Liquid Extraction", J. Chromatogr. 106 (1975) 299.
233. K. Grob, "Broadening of Peaks Eluted Before the Solvent in Capillary GC. Part 1: The Role of Solvent Trapping", Chromatographia 17 (1983) 357.
234. K. Grob and B. Schilling, "Broadening of Peaks Eluted Before the Solvent in Capillary GC. Part 2: The Role of Phase Soaking", Chromatographia 17 (1983) 361.
235. Kurt Grob, "The Glass Capillary Column in GC. A Tool and a Technique", Chromatographia 8 (1975) 423.
236. H. Brötell, N.-O. Ahnfelt, H. Ehrson, and S.Eksborg, "ECD GC with Splitless Injection on Isothermally Operated Wide Bore Glass Capillary Columns", J. Chromatogr. 176 (1979) 19.
237. P.H. Sitvis, "Optimizing Injection into 0.53 mm i.d. Capillary Columns", LC-GC Int. 2 Nr. 9 (1989) 19.
238. M.F. Mehran, "Large Diameter Open Tubular Columns in GC Analysis", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 9 (1986) 272.
239. H. Kern and B. Brander, "Precision of an Automated All-Glass Capillary GC System with an ECD for Trace Analysis of Estrogens", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 2 (1979) 312.
240. W. Jennings and M.F. Mehran, "Sample Introduction in GC", J. Chromatogr. Sci. 24 (1986) 34.
241. J.V. Hinshaw, Jr., "Modern Inlets for Capillary GC", J. Chromatogr. Sci. 25 (1987) 49.
242. C. Watanabe and K. Hashimoto, "Direct Injection of Large Sample Volumes into Capillary Columns with Packed Column Injector", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 13 (1990) 610.
243. K. Grob and B. Schilling, "The Length of the Zone Flooded by the Injection of Large Volumes onto Retention Gaps in Capillary GC", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 7 (1984) 531.
244. A. Kaufmann, "Large Volume, Low Discrimination GC Injection into a Modified Splitless Injector", Chromatographia 46 (1997) 275.
245. E.C Shagena and J. V. Hinshaw, "Quantitation on Wide-Bore, Open-Tubular GC Columns", in: P. Sandra (Ed.), 9th Int. Symp. Capillary Chromatography, Monterey 88, Hüthig, Heidelberg (1988) 182.
246. C. Mallet and V.N. Mallet, "Conversion of a Conventional Packed-Column GC to Accommodate Megabore Columns. 1. Evaluation of the System for Organophosphorus Pesticides", J. Chromatogr. 481 (1989) 27.
247. P.M.J, van der Berg and Th. Cox, Chromatographia 5 (1972) 301.
248. J.M. Bayona, X. Aparicio, and J. Albaiges, "A Comparison of Vaporizing Injectors for Trace Analysis in Capillary GC", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 9 (1986) 59.
249. H. Jing and A. Amirav, "Pesticide Analysis with the Pulsed-Flame Photometer Detector and a Direct Sample Introduction Device", Anal. Chem. 69 (1997) 1426.
250. S.B. Wainhaus, N. Tzanani, S. Dagan, M.L Miller, and A. Amirav, "Fast Analysis of Drugs in a Single Hair", J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 9 (1998), 1311.
251. G. Morchio, "Rapida determinazione GC dell'esano residuo negli oli di sansa grezzi, di sansa e di oliva rettificati", Riv. Ital. Sostanze Grasse 59 (1982) 335.
252. K. Grob, M. Biedermann, and A. M. Giuffré, "Determination of Organophosphorus Insecticides in Edible Oils and Fats by Splitless Injection of the Oil into GC (Injector-Internal Headspace Analysis)", Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 198 (1994) 325.
253. C. Mariani and E. Fedeli, "Determinazione gascromatografica di BHA, BHT e Jonox 100", Riv. ital. Sostanze Grasse 60 (1983) 667.
254. C. Mariani, S. Venturini, and E. Fedeli, "Sulla presenza di prodotti alogenati volatili negli oli vergini di oliva", Riv. Ital. Sostanze Grasse 67 (1990) 239.
255. G. Morchio, R. De Andreis, and G.R. Verga, "Indagine sul contenuto di composti fosforganici presenti negli oli vegetali e in particulare nell'olio di oliva", Riv. Ital. Sostanze Grasse 69 (1992) 147.
256. Ch. Droz, Officiai Food Control Authority of the Canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland, unpublished results, 1998.
257. Ch. Watanabe, H. Tornita, K. Sato, Y. Maseda, and K. Hashimoto, "Accuracy and Reproducibility in Splitless, and Packed and Open Tubular Cool On-Column Injections", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 5 (1982) 630.
258. D.L Springer, D.W. Phelps, and R.E. Schirmer, "Obtaining Quantitative Data for PNA's with Capillary Column GC, Using Split and Splitless Injection", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 4 (1981) 638.
259. D.H. McMahon, "A Collaborative Study to Evaluate Quantitation Utilizing Different Injection Modes for Capillary GC", J. Chromatogr. Sci. 23 (1985) 137.
260. G. Schomburg, H. Husmann, and R. Rittmann, ".Direct' (On-Column) Sampling into Glass Capillary Columns. Comparative Investigations on Split, Splitless and On-Column Sampling", J. Chromatogr. 204 (1981) 85.
261. D. Kalman, "Optimized Injection for Determination of Free Phenols by GC Using Fused Silica Columns", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 6 (1983) 564.
262. F.I. Onuska, R.J. Kominar, and K. Terry, "An Evaluation of Splitless and On-Column Injection Techniques for the Determination of Priority Micropollutants", J. Chromatogr. Sci. 21 (1983) 512.
263. L.L. Plotczyk, "Application of Fused-Silica Capillary GC to the Analysis of Underivatized Drugs", J. Chromatogr. 240 (1982) 349.
264. H.-J. Stan and H. Goebel, "Evaluation of Automated Splitless and Manual On-Column Injection Techniques Using Capillary GC for Pesticide Residue Analysis", J. Chromatogr. 314 (1984) 413.
265. K. Grob, "Effect of Dirt Injected On-Column in Capillary GC; Analysis of the Sterol Fraction of Oils as an Example", J. Chromatogr. 287 (1984) 1.
266. K. Grob, T. Läubli, and B. Brechbühler, "Splitless Injection - Development and State of the Art, Including a Comparison of Matrix ("Dirt") Effects in Conventional and PTV Splitless Injection", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 11 (1988) 462.
267. K. Grob and K. Grob, "Splitless Injection and the Solvent Effect", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 1 (1978) 57.
268. M. van Lieshout, M. van Deursen, ft. Derks, H.-G. Janssen, and CA. Cramers, "The Influence of Liner Dimensions on Injection Band Broadening in Split Injections in Fast Capillary GC", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 22 (1999) 116.
269. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), "Standard Practice, Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs", ASTM E 1510-93,1993.
270. K. Grob and M. Biedermann, "Visual Experiments on Sample Evaporation: Conclusions on Split and Splitless GC Injection and Injector Design", Anal. Chem. (2001)
271. Ä. Kaufmann, "Maximum Transfer Conditions for Splitless Injection", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 20 (1997) 193.
272. D.M. Ottenstein and RH. Silvis, "GC Septa: A Comparison of Bleed Characteristics", J. Chromatogr. Sei. 17 (1979) 389.
273. Anonymous, "A Guide to Minimizing Septa Problems", Restek Corporation 1998.
274. M. Biedermann and K. Grob, "GC Ghost Peaks due to Fingerprints", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 14 (1991) 558
275. M.S. Klee, "GC Inlets - An Introduction", Hewlett-Packard Co., Avondale (1991) 42.
276. K. Grob, "Diffusion-free Pressure Regulators in Capillary GC", J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun., 1 (1978) 173.
277. A.L. German and E.C Horning, J. Chromatogr. Sei. 11 (1973) 76.
278. K. Grob, "On-Column Injection in Capillary GC" (1991) 529.
279. Kurt Grob and G. Grob, "Techniques of Capillary GC. Possibilities of the Full Utilization of High-Performance Columns. Part I: Direct Sample Injection", Chromatographia 5 (1972) 3.