Imperium et libertas? rethinking the radical critique of imperialism during the nineteenth century*

The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 1991, Pages 1-23

  Taylor, Miles ^a  

^a GIRTON COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84950027495     PISSN: 03086534     EISSN: 17439329     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03086539108582826     Document Type: Article

References (138)

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38. Wakefield, for instance, condemned the ‘despotic’ colonial systems of Spain and France and the Roman provinces, not the municipalities, which he praised: A View of the Art of Colonization (1849), in Collected Works, 874–81, 900.
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58. Oliver MacDonagh, ‘The Anti-imperialism of Free Trade’ (1962);
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63. Cobden, England, Ireland and America [1835], in Political Writings, I, 43–4.
64. Peter Cain, ‘Capitalism, War and Internationalism in the Thought of Richard Cobden’cf. R.F. Spall, ‘Free trade, foreign relations and the Anti-Corn Law League’, International History Review, 10 (1988), 405–32.
65. Cobden’s political outlook in the late 1840s and 1850s see my unpublished PhD thesis, ‘Radicalism and Patriotism, 1848-1859’ (Cambridge, 1989).
66. Cobden, helped draft the memorial to the Derby government protesting against the annexation of Sarawak. There is a proof-copy of the memorial in the Cobden papers, Add. Ms. 43, 650, fols. 293–4.
67. Cobden, How Wars are got up in India [1853], in Political Writings, II, 106.
68. Goldwin Smith, ‘Imperialism’, Fraser’s Magazine, 55, (May 1857), 493-506;
69. W.E. Gladstone, ‘The New Parliament and its Work’, Quarterly Review, 101 (April 1857), 541-84; Morning Star, 30 July 1857, 2.
70. People’s Paper, 25 July 1857, 4.
71. Henry Richard, The Present and Future of India under British Rule (1858), 28–9.
72. John Malcolm Ludlow, British India, its Races, and its History, Considered with Reference to the Mutinies of 1857: a Series of Lectures Addressed to the Students of the Working Men’s College, 2 vols.(Cambridge, 1858), II, 251–2.
73. George Combe, Our Rule in India (1858), 8;
74. Richard, Present and Future of India, 28–9.
75. William Stokes, Indian Reform Bills; or, Legislation for India from 1766 to 1858. Also, an Argument for a Representative Government in India, in a Letter to the Right Hon. B. Disraeli, M. P. (1858), 38;
76. John Malcolm Ludlow, The War in Oude (Cambridge, 1858), 53–4.
77. John Malcolm Ludlow, Thoughts on the Policy of the Crown towards India (1859), 358–63.
78. Ludlow, British India, II, 251-2; William Ewart, Settlement in India and Trade in Central Asia. Speech of W. Ewart, Esq. in the House of Commons, March 23, 1858 (1858), 7-8;
79. A.H. Layard, ‘British India’, Quarterly Review, 104 (July 1858), 224–76.
80. Combe, Our Rule in India, 8.
81. Richard, Present and Future of India, 17.
82. Daily News, 28 Nov. 1857, 4, 14 Dec. 1857, 4.
83. James L. Sturgis, John Bright and the Empire (1969), 18–36.
84. Dilke, Greater Britain, 2 vols. (1868), II, History, 374.
85. Jonathan Mendilow, ‘Past, Future and Present Perfect: Three Tenses of the British Idea of Empire’, Australian Journal of Politics and 30 (1984), 211–23.
86. Mill, Considerations on Representative Government [1861], Ch. 18, in Collected Works, XIX (1977).
87. George Bearce, British Attitudes Towards India, 1784–1858 (Oxford, 1961), Ch. 10;
88. Abram L. Harris, ‘John Stuart Mill: Servant of the East India Company’, Canadian Journal of Economic and Political Science, 30 (1964), 185-202;
89. S.V. Pradhan, ‘Mill on India’, Dalhousie Review, 56 (1976), 5–22.
90. Eileen P. Sullivan, ‘Liberalism and Imperialism: J. S. Mill’s Defense of the British Empire’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 44 (1983), 599–617 is more wide-ranging.
91. Arthur W. Silver, Manchester Men and Indian Cotton, 1847–1872 (Manchester, 1966), 67, 217–18.
92. P.J. Durrans, ‘A Two-edged Sword: The Liberal Attack on Disraelian Imperialism’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 10, 3 (1982), 262–84.
93. Goldwin Smith, ‘The Policy of Aggrandisement’, Fortnightly Review, 22, (Sept. 1877), 303-24;
94. Robert Lowe, ‘Imperialism’, ibid., 24 (Oct. 1878), 453–65.
95. Smith’s anti-imperialism see E. Wallace, Goldwin Smith. Victorian Liberal Ch. 8.
96. For the caricature of Disraeli as ‘un-Christian’ I am indebted to David Feldman’s forthcoming study, Englishmen and Jews, 1840–1914 (Yale, 1991).
97. Sumanta Niyogi, India in British Parliament, 1865–84. Henry Fawcett’s Struggle against British Colonialism in India (Calcutta, 1986), Ch. 8.1 am grateful to Jonathan Spain troops for allowing me to read a chapter from his forthcoming Cambridge PhD thesis which describes in detail the intensity of the radical reaction to the movement of Indian in 1878.
98. M. E. Chamberlain, ‘British Public Opinion and the Invasion of Egypt’, Trivium, 16 (1981), 5–28.
99. A.G. Hopkins, seems to overstate the influence of Blunt’s critique. Cf. Hopkins, ‘The Victorians and Africa: A Reconsideration of the Occupation of Egypt, 1882’, Journal of African History, 27 (1986), 363–91.
100. W.E. Forster, ‘Imperial Federation’, The Nineteenth Century, 96 (Feb. 1885), 201–18.
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107. century This is treated at more length in my ‘Patriotism, History and the Left in Twentieth- Britain’, Historical Journal, 33 (1990).
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110. J.A. Hobson: Anti-imperialist?’, International Review of History and Political Science, 19 (1982), 28–41.
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114. Hammond, ‘Colonial and Foreign Policy’, 174–82.
115. Logie Barrow, ‘The Origins of Robert Blatchford’s Social Imperialism’, Bulletin of the Society for the Study of Labour History, 19 (1969), 9-11;
116. Edward Carpenter, Boer and Briton [1900], reprinted in Stephen Koss (ed.), The Pro-Boers. The Anatomy of an Anti-War Movement (London, 1973), 54-7;
117. Kenneth D. Brown, John Burns (London, 1977), 92–3.
118. Norman Etherington, ‘Hyndman, the Social Democratic Federation and Imperialism’, Historical Studies (Australia and New Zealand), 16 (1974), 89–103.
119. E.J. Hobsbawn, ‘Hyndman and the S.D.F.’, in his Labouring Men: Studies in The History of Labour (London, 1964), and Bill Baker, ‘The Social Democratic Federation and the Boer War’, Our History, 59, (1974).
120. Joseph O. Baylen, ‘W. T. Stead and the Boer War: the Irony of Idealism’, Canadian Historical Review, 40 (1959), 304–14.
121. Frederic, Harrison, ‘Big Englandism’, Positivist Review, 8 (June 1900), 97–101.
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125. Bernard Shaw (ed.), Fabianism and Empire. A Manifesto by the Fabian Society (1900), 3–4.
126. A.M. McBriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics, 1884–1918(Cambridge, 1962), 120-22;
127. Fred D. Schneider, ‘Fabians and the Utilitarian Idea of Empire’, Review of Politics, 35 (1973), 501–22.
128. Sydney Olivier, Empire Builder [1905] cf. Mohammed Nuri El-Amin, ‘Sydney Olivier on Socialism and the Colonies’, Review of Politics, 39, (1977), 520-39;
129. Francis Lee, Fabianism and Colonialism. The Life and Political Thought of Lord Sydney Olivier (1988), Ch. 4.
130. George (1971), 846–53. Bernard Shaw, ‘Preface’ to John Bull's Other Island [1906], in Collected Plays, II
131. Peter Clarke, Liberals and Social Democrats (Cambridge, 1978), 90–9.
132. Fabian News, (March 1900), 2-3;
133. Sidney Webb, ‘Lord Rosebery’s Escape from Houndsditch’, The Nineteenth Century, 50 (Sept. 1901), 366–86.
134. D.A. Hamer, John Morley. Liberal Intellectual in Politics (Oxford, 1968), 122, 309-10;
135. Bernard Porter, Critics of Empire. British Radical Attitudes Towards Africa, 1895–1914 (London, 1968), 15–18.
136. Ronald Robinson, ‘The Excentric Idea of Imperialism, with or without Empire’, in Wolfgang J. Mommsen and Jurgen Osterhammel (eds.), Imperialism and After. Continuities and Discontinuties (1986), 268;
137. J. Gallagher, The Decline, Revival and Fall of the British Empire: The Ford Lectures and Other Essays (Cambridge, 1982), 75–6.
138. Ronald Hyam and Ged Martin, Reappraisals in British Imperial History (London, 1975), 4, and Deborah Wormell, Sir John Seeley and the Uses of History (Cambridge, 1979), Ch. 6.