Earth Surface Processes

Earth Surface Processes

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 1-404

  Allen, Philip A ^a  

^a TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTATION; SEDIMENTOLOGY; TEXTBOOKS;

EARTH SURFACE PROCESS; EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; HOLISTIC APPROACH; PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES; QUANTITATIVE APPROACH; SEDIMENTARY PROCESS; TRADITIONAL COURSE;

TRANSPORT PROPERTIES;

EID: 84949775960     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444313574     Document Type: Book

References (454)

1. P.A. Allen & J.R. Allen (1990) Basin Analysis: Principles & Applications. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
2. E.K. Berner & R.A. Berner (1987) The Global Water Cycle: Geochemistry and Environment. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
3. D.M. Moore (1982) Green Planet: the Story of Plant Life on Earth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
4. J.M. Wallace & P.V. Hobbs (1977) Atmospheric Science: An Introductory Survey. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
5. E.K. Berner & R.A. Berner (1987) The Global Water Cycle: Geochemistry and Environment. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Table 2.3, p. 20.
6. W.D. Sellers (1965) Physical Climatology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
7. E.F. Harrison, P. Minnis, B.R. Barkstom & C.G. Gibson (1993) Radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere. In: Atlas of Satellite Observations Related to Global Change (eds R.J. Gurney, J.L. Foster & C.L. Parkinson). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 19-38.
8. M. Chahinc (1992) The hydrological cycle and its influence on climate. Nature 359, 373-80.
9. R.C. Ward (1975) Principles of Hydrology, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, Maidenhead.
10. R. Keller (1984) The world's fresh water: yesterday, today and tomorrow. Applied Geography and Development, 24, 7-23.
11. P.J. Webster (1994) The role of hydrological processes in ocean-atmosphere interaction. Reviews of Geophysics 32, 427-76.
12. S.I. Rasool & C. de Bergh (1970) The runaway greenhouse and the accumulation of C02 in the Venus atmosphere. Nature 266, 1037-9.
13. A. Gill (1982) Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. International Geophysical Series 30, San Diego, CA.
14. R. Atlas, R.N. Hoffman & S.C. Bloom (1993) Surface wind velocity over the oceans. In: Atlas of Satellite Observations Related to Global Change (eds R.J. Gurney, J.L. Foster & C.L. Parkinson). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 129-40.
15. G.A. Meehl (1982) Characteristics of surface current flow from a global ocean current data set. Journal of Physical Oceanography 12, 538-55.
16. H. Stommei (1958) The abyssal circulation. Deep Sea Research 5, 80-2.
17. H. Heinrich (1988) Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the northeast Atlantic Ocean during the past 130000 years. Quaternary Research 29, 142-52.
18. A. Miller et al. (1983), Elements of Meteorology, 4th edn. Charles E. Merrill.
19. E.G. Njoku & O.B. Brown (1993) Sea surface temperature. In: Atlas of Satellite Observations Related to Global Change (eds R.J. Gurney, J.L. Foster & C.L. Parkinson). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 237-50.
20. S.C. Porter & A. Zhisheng (1995) Correlation between climate events in the North Atlantic and China during the last glaciation. Nature 375, 305-8.
21. J. Tricart & A. Cailleux (1972) Introduction to Climatic Geomorphology (translated by C.J. Kiewiet de |onge). Longman, London.
22. M. Newson (1994) Hydrology and the River Environment. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
23. H.H. Lamb (1972) Climate: Present, Past and Future. Vol. I: Fundamentals and Climate Now. Methuen, London.
24. R.G. Barry (1970) A framework for climarological research with particular reference to scale concepts. 'Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 49, 61-70.
25. I.A. Shiklomanov (1993) World fresh water resources. In: Water in Crisis (ed. P.H. Gleick). Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 13-24.
26. A. Baumgartner & E. Reichel (1975) The World Water Balance. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
27. R.J. Gibbs (1970) Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry. Science 170, 1088-90.
28. I.D. White, D.N. Mottershead & S.J. Harrison (1992) Environmental Systems, 2nd edn. Chapman & Hall, London.
29. D.E. Reichle (1970) Analysis of Temperate Forest Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.
30. C.R. McClain, G. Feldman & W. Esaias (1993) Oceanic biological productivity. In: Atlas of Satellite Observations Related to Global Change (eds R.J. Gurney, J.L. Foster & C.L. Parkinson), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 251-63.
31. M.D. Brasier (1995) Fossil indicators of nutrient levels. 1: Etitrophication and climate change. In: Marine Palaeoenvironmental Analysis from Fossils (eds D.W.J. Bosence & P.A. Allison), Geological Society Special Publication 83. Blackwell Science, Oxford, pp. 113- 32.
32. J.T. Houghton, G.J. Jenkins & J.J. Ephraums (eds) (1990) Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
33. D.L. Turcottc & G. Schubert (1982) Geodynamics. Wiley, New York.
34. G.J. Masek, B.L. Isacks, E.J. Fielding & J. Browacys (1994) Rift flank uplift in Tibet: evidence for a viscous lower crust. Tectonics 13, 659-67.
35. P. Molnar, P.C. England & J. Martmod (1993) Mantle dynamics, uplift of the Tibetan plateau, and the Indian monsoon. Reviews of Geophysics 31, 357-96.
36. P. Bird (1979) Continental delamination and the Colorado plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research 84, 7561-71.
37. D.P. McKenzie (1978) Some remarks on the development of sedimentary basins. Earth & Planetary Science Letters 40, 25-32.
38. M. Gurnis (1991) Continental Hooding and inantle-lithosphere dynamics. In Glacial Isostasy, Sea Level and Mantle Rheology (ed. R. Sabadini et al.). Kluwcr Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p. 446.
39. A. Cazcnave, A. Souriau & K. Dominh (1989) Global coupling of the Earth surface topography with hotspots, geoid and mantle heterogeneity. Nature 340, 54-7.
40. W.J. Morgan (1981) Hotspot tracks and the opening of the Atlantic and Indian oceans. In: The Sea (ed. C. Emiliani). Wiley, New York, vol. 7, pp. 443-87.
41. R.W. Griffiths & I.H. Campbell (1990) Interaction of mantle plume heads with the Earth's surface and onset of small scale convection. Journal of Geophysical Research 96, 18295-310.
42. R.W. Griffiths, M. Gurnis & G. Eitelberg (1989) Holographic measurements of surface topography in laboratory models of surface hotspots. Geophysical Journal 96, 477-95.
43. N.H. Sleep (1990) Monteregian hotspot track: a long-lived mantle plume. Journal of Geophysical Research 95, 21983-90.
44. K.G. Cox (1989) The role of mantle plumes in the development of continental drainage patterns. Nature 342, 873-7.
45. R.I. Hill (1991) Starting plumes and continental break-up. Earth & Planetary Science Letters 104, 398-416.
46. R.W. Hartley & P.A. Allen (1993) Interior cratonic basins of Africa: relation to continental break up and role of mantle convection. Basin Research 6, 9-114.
47. C.J. Ebinger et al. (1989) Effective elastic plate thickness beneath the East African and Afar plateaus and dynamic compensation of the uplifts. Journal of Geophysical Research 94, 2883-2901.
48. N.H. Sleep (1990) Hotspots and mantle plumes: some phenomenology. Journal of Geophysical Research 95, 6715-36.
49. G.F. Davies (1988) Ocean bathymetry and mantle convection, 1, large-scale flow and hotspots. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 10467-80.
50. A. Goudie (1992) Environmental Change, 3rd edn. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
51. A. Goudie (1993) The Human Impact on the Natural Environment, 4th edn. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford.
52. E.G. Nisbet (1991) Leaving Eden: to Protect and Manage the Earth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
53. K.T. Pickering and L.A. Owen (1994) An Introduction to Global Environmental Issues. Routledge, London.
54. W.B. Harland, R.L. Armstrong, A.V. Cox, L.E. Craig, A.G. Smith & D.G. Smith (1990) A Geologic Time Scale 1989. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 263pp.
55. Geological Society of America (1983) Decade of North American Geology Geologic Time Scale. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO.
56. A. Goudie (1994) Environmental Change, 3rd edn. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
57. J.J. Lowe & M.J.C. Walker (1984) Reconstructing Quaternary Environments. Longman, London.
58. D.E. Sugdcn, D.R. Marchant & N. Potter (1995) Preservation of Miocene glacier ice in East Antarctica. Nature 376, 412-14.
59. J.P. Kennett & N.J. Shackleton (1975) Laurentidc ice-sheet meltwater recorded in Gulf of Mexico deep sea cores. Science 188, 147-50.
60. C. Embleton & C.A.M. King (1975) Periglacial Geomorphology. Edward Arnold, London.
61. M.J. Selby (1985) Earth's Changing Surface, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
62. R.M. Corfield (1995) An introduction to the techniques, limitations and landmarks of carbonate oxygen isotope palaeothermometry. In: Marine Palaeoenvironmental Analysis from Fossils (eds D.W.J. Bosence & P.A. Allison), Geological Society of London Special Publication 83. Blackwell Science, Oxford, pp. 27-42.
63. J. Imbrie, J. van Donk & N.G. Kipp (1973) Paleoclimatic investigation of a late Pleistocene Caribbean deep sea core: comparison of isotopic and faunal methods. Quaternary Research 3, 10-38.
64. R.J. Delmas (1992) Environmental information from ice cores. Reviews of Geophysics, 30, 1-21.
65. J. Jouzel (1994) Ice cores north and south. Nature 372, 612.
66. Vostok Project Members (1995) EOS (Transactions of the American Geophysical Union) 76 (17), Fig. 2.
67. K. Pye (1987) Aeolian Dust and Dust Deposits. Academic Press, 334pp.
68. J. Fink & G.J. Kukla (1977) Pleistocene climates of central Europe: at least seventeen interglacials after the Olduvai event. Quaternary Research 7, 363-71.
69. S.C. Porter & A. Zhisheng (1995) Correlation between climate events in the North Atlantic and China during the last glaciation. Nature 375, 305-8.
70. D.K. Rea (1994) The paleoclimatic record provided by eolian deposition in the deep sea: the geologic history of wind. Reviews of 'Geophysics 32, 159-95.
71. K. Pye (1989) Processes of fine particle formation, dust source regions, and climatic changes. In: Palaeoclimatology and Palaeometeorology: Modern and Past Patterns of Global Atmospheric Transport (eds M. Leinen & M. Sarnthein). Kluwer Academic, Norwell,MA, pp. 3-30.
72. H. Flohn (1981) Ahemispheric circulation asymmetry during late Tertiary. Geologische Rundschau 70, 725-736.
73. M. Sarnthein (1978) Sand deserts during Glacial Maximum and climatic optimum. Nature 272, 43-6.
74. A.S. Goudie, B. Allchin & K.T.M. Hedge (1973) The former extensions of the Great Indian Sand Desert. Geographical Journal 139, 243-57.
75. A.T. Grove (1969) Landforms and climatic change on the south side of the Sahara. Geographical Journal 135, 192-212.
76. G.I. Smith and F.A. Street-Perrott (1983) Pluvial lakes of the western United States. In: Late Quaternary Environments of the United States(ed. S.C. Porter). 190-212pp.
77. V.R. Baker (1996) Megafloods and glaciation. In: Global Changes in Postglacial Times: Quaternary and Permo-Carboniferous(ed. LP. Martini). Oxford University Press, Oxford.
78. R.A. Street and A.T. Grove (1976) Environmental and climatic implications of late Quaternary lake level fluctuations in Africa. Nature 261, 385-90.
79. E.A. Bryant (1991) Natural Hazards. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
80. R.B. Stothers (1984) The great Tambora eruption in 1815 and its aftermath. Science 224, 1191-8.
81. R.S. Bradley (1988) The explosive volcanic eruption signal in northern hemisphere continental temperature records. Climatic Change 12, 221-43.
82. H. Lamb (1971) Volcanic activity and climate. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 10, 203-20.
83. D. Gough (1977) Theoretical predictions of variations in solar output. In: the Solar Output and its Variations (ed. O. White). Association University Press, Boulder, CO, pp. 451-74.
84. R.A. Muller & G.J. MacDonald (1995) Glacial cycles and orbital inclination. Nature 377, 107.
85. E.J. Barron & G.T. Moore (1994) Climate Model Application in Palaeoenvironmental Analysis, Short Course Notes 33. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), Tulsa, OK. [A useful overview.]
86. A. Berger (1978) Longer-term variations of daily insolation and Quaternary climate change. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 35, 232-6.
87. T.J. Crowley, W.T. Hyde & D.A. Short (1989) Seasonal cycle variations on the supercontinent of Pangaea. Geology 17, 457-60.
88. J. Chappell (1974) Geology of coral terraces, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea: a study of Quaternary tectonic movements and sea level changes. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 85, 553-70.
89. J. Chappell (1987) Late Quaternary sea level changes in the Australian region. In: Sea Level Changes (ed. M.J. Tooley & I. Shennan). Institute of British Geographers Special Publication 20. Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford, Fig. 10.11.
90. M. Eronen (1983) Late Weichselian and Holocene shore displacement in Finland. In: D.E. Smith & A.G. Dawson (eds.) Shorelines and Isostasy. London, Academic Press, pp. 183-207.
91. E.G. Nisbct (1991) Leaving Eden, Cambridge University Press, Fig. 3.2, p. 56.
92. J.T. Houghton, G.J. Jenkins & J.J. Ephraums (eds) (1990) Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
93. G.T. Prance & T.E. Lovejoy (1985) Amazonia. Pergamon, Oxford. [A masterly work on the Amazonian ecosystem.]
94. J. Shukla, C. Nobre & P. Sellers (1990) Amazon deforestation and climate change. Science 247, 1322-5.
95. R. Bras (ed.) (1992) The World at Risk: Natural Hazards and Climate Change, All' Conference Proceedings 277. American Institute of Physics, Cambridge, MA.
96. J.E. Andrews, P. Brimblecombe, T.D. Jickells & P.S. Liss (1995) An Introduction to Environmental Chemistry. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
97. R.W. Christopherson (1994) Geosystems, 2nd edn, Macmillan College Publ. Co., NJ USA, pp. 547-83.
98. M.J. Kirkby and R.P.C. Morgan (1980) Soil Erosion. Wiley, Chichester.
99. M.J. Singer & D.N. Munns (1987) Soils-An Introduction, 2nd edn. Macmillan.
100. M.A. Carson & M.J. Kirkby (1972) Hillslope Form and Process. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
101. A. Goudie (1993) The Human Impact on the Natural Tinvironment, 4th edn. Blackwell Publishers Oxford.
102. A. Grainger (1992) Controlling Tropical Deforestation. Earthscan, London.
103. M.J. Selby (1985) Earth's Changing Surface. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
104. I. Statham (1977) Earth Surface Sediment Transport. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
105. M.A. Summerfield (1991) Global Geomorphology. Longman, London
106. P.O. Koons (1995) Modeling the topographic evolution of collisional belts. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences 23, 375-408.
107. R.J. Carson (ed.) (1969) Water, Earth and Man. Methuen, London, Fig. 4.11.4.
108. R.S. Taylor & S.M. McLennan (1985) The Continental Crust: its Composition and Evolution. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
109. J.E. Andrews, P. Brimblecombe, T.D. Jickells & P.S. Liss (1995) An Introduction to Environmental Chemistry. Blackwell Science, Oxford, p. 53, Fig. 3.3.
110. R.W. Raiswell, P. Brimblecombe, D.C. Dent. & P.S. Liss (1980) Environmental Chemistry. Edward Arnold, London.
111. R. Gill (1989) Chemical Fundamentals of Geology. Unwin Hyman, London.
112. S.S. Goldich (1938) A study of rock weathering. Journal of Geology 46, 17-58.
113. M.A. Summertield (1991) Global Geomorphology. Longman, London.
114. L.G.M. Bass Becking et al. (1964) Limits of the natural environment in terms of pH and oxidation-reduction potentials. Journal of Geology 68, 243-84.
115. N.M. Strakhov (1967) Principles of Lithogenesis, Vo). 1. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh.
116. US Soil Conservation Service (1975) Soil Taxonomy: A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys, Agricultural Handbook 436. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
117. E.K. Berncr & R.A. Berner (1987) The Global Water Cycle: Geochemistry and Environment. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
118. M.A. Velbel (1993) Temperature dependence of silicate weathering in nature: how strong a negative feedback on long-term accumulation of atmospheric CO, and global greenhouse warming? Geology 2I, 1059-62.
119. P.V. Brady (1991) The effect of silicate weathering on global temperature and atmospheric CO,. Journal of Geophysical Research 96, 18101-6.
120. M.E. Raymo, W.F. Ruddiman & P.N. Froelich (1988) Influence of late Cenozoic mountain building on ocean geochemical cycles. Geology 16, 649-653.
121. M.E. Raymo & W.F. Ruddiman (1992) Tectonic forcing of late Cenozoic climate. Nature 359, 117-122.
122. J.D. Miliiman, G.S. Quraishee & M.A.A. Beg (1994) Sediment discharge from the Indus River to the ocean: past, present and future. In: Marine Geology and Oceanography of the Arabian Sea and Coastal Pakistan (eds B.U. Haq & J.D. Miliiman). Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, pp. 65-70.
123. B.R. Nairn & V. Kolla (1982) Acoustic character and thickness of sediments of the Indus Fan and the continental margin of Western India. Marine Geology 47, 181-95.
124. F. Coumes & V. Kolla (1994) Indus Fan: seismic structure, channel migration and sediment thickness in the Upper Fan. In: Marine Geology and Oceanography of the Arabian Sea and Coastal Pakistan (eds B.U. Haq & J.D. Miliiman). Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 101-10.
125. M.J. Kirkby & R.P.C. Morgan (1980) Soil Erosion. Wiley, Chichester.
126. R.E. Horton (1945) Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins; hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 56, 275-370.
127. M.J. Kirkby (1969) Infiltration, throughflow and overland flow: and erosion by water on hillslopes. In: (ed. R.J. Charley) Water, Earth and Man (ed. R.). Chorley). Methuen, London, pp. 215-238.
128. T.C. Atkinson (1978) Techniques for measuring subsurface flow on hillslopes In: Hillslope Hydrology (ed. M.J. Kirkby). Wiley, Chichester, pp. 73-120.
129. N. Hovius, CP. Stark & P.A. Allen (1997) Sediment flux from a mountain belt derived by landslide mapping. Geology.
130. R.S. Anderson (1994) FLvolution of the Santa Cruz Mountains, California, through tectonic growth and geomorphic decay. Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 20161-79.
131. N. Hovius (1995) Macro-scale process systems of mountain belt erosion and sediment delivery to basins. D. Phil, dissertation, University of Oxford.
132. M.A. Seidl & W E. Dietrich (1992) The problem of channel erosion into bedrock. Catena Supplement 23, 101-24.
133. M.H. Meade, T.R. Yuzyk & T.J. Day (1990) Movement and storage of sediment in rivers of the United States and Canada. In: Surface Water Hydrology (eds M.G. Wolman & H.C. Riggs), The Geology of North America, O-l. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, pp. 255-80.
134. J.D. Miliiman & R.H, Meade (1983) World-wide delivery of river sediment to the oceans. Journal of Geology 91, 1-21.
135. M. Meybeck (1976) Total mineral dissolved transport by world major rivers. Hydrological Science Bulletin 21, 265-84.
136. M. Meybeck (1987) Global chemical weathering of superficial rocks estimated from river dissolved loads. American Journal of Science 287, 401-28.
137. S. Judson & D.F. Ritter (1964) Rates of regional denudation in the United States. Journal of Geophysical Research 69, 3395-401.
138. R.F. Stallard (1995) Tectonic, environmental and human aspects of weathering and erosion: a global review using a steady-state perspective. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences 23, 11-39.
139. R.L. Burrows, B. Parks & W.W. Emmett (1979) Sediment Transports in the Tanana River in the Vicinity of Fairbanks, Alaska, 1977-78, Open File Report 79-1539. US Geological Survey, Washington DC.
140. D.E. Walling (1984) Dissolved loads and their measurement. In: Erosion and Sediment Yield (eds R.F. Hadlcy & D.E. Walling). Geobooks, Norwich, pp. 111-78.
141. F. Fournier (1960) Climat et erosion: la relation entre erosion du sol par I'eau et les precipitations atmospheriques. Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 201 pp.
142. J.D. Miliiman & J.P.M. Syvitski (1992) Geomorphic/tectonic control of sediment discharge to the ocean: the importance of small mountainous streams. Journal of Geology 100, 525-44.
143. M.A. Summertield & N.J. Hulton (1994) Natural controls of fluvial denudation rates in major world drainage basins. Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 13 871-83;
144. F. Ahnert (1984) Local relief and the height limits of mountain ranges. American Journal of Science 284, 1035-55.
145. P. Pinet & M. Souriau (1988) Conrinental erosion and large scale relief. Tectonics 7, 563-82.
146. N. Hovius (1997) Controls on sediment supply by large rivers. In: Relative Role of Eustacy, Climate and Tectonics in Continental Rocks (eds K.W. Shanley & P.J. McCabc). Spec. Publ. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, O.K.
147. R.F. Stallard, L. Koehnken & M.J. Johnsson (1991) Weathering processes and the composition of inorganic material transported through the Orinoco River system, Venezuela and Colombia. Geoderma 51, 133-65.
148. P.O. Koons (1989) The topographic evolution of collisional mountain belts: a numerical look at the Southern Alps, New Zealand. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 23, 375-408.
149. P. Blaikie (1985) The Political Economy of Soil Erosion in Developing Countries. Longman, London.
150. T. Dunne (1979) Sediment yield and land use in tropical catchments. Journal of 'Hydrology 42, 281-300.
151. World Resources Institute (1992) World Resources 1990-91. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford.
152. A. Goudie (1993) The Human Impact on the Natural Environment. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford.
153. A. Grainger (1992) Controlling Tropical Deforestation. Earthscan, London.
154. N. Myers (1992) Future operational monitoring of tropical forests, an alert strategy. In: Proceedings of the World Forest Watch Conference. Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil (eds J.P. Mallingreau, R. da Cunha & C. Justice) pp. 317-43.
155. J.P. Lanly, K.D. Singh & K. Janz (1991) FAO's 1990 reassessment of tropical forest cover. Nature and Resources 27, 21-6.
156. J.R.L. Allen (1985) Principles of Physical Scdimentology. George Allen & Unwin, London.
157. M.R. Leeder (1982) Scdimentology Process and Product. George Allen & Unwin, London, Chapter 4.
158. G.V. Middlcton & J.B. Southard (1984) Mechanics of Sediment Movement, 2nd edn, Short Course Notes 3. SEPM, Tulsa, OK.
159. G.V. Middleton & P.R. Wilcock (1994) Mechanics in the Earth and Environmental Sciences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
160. E. Buckingham (1914). On physically similar systems: illustrations of the use of dimensional equations. Physics Reviews (W) 4, 345.
161. G.V. Middlcton & P.R. Wilcock, Mechanics in the Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chapter 3, pp. 69-99, CLIP, Cambridge, 459pp.
162. G.V. Middleton & P.R. Wilcock (1994) Mechanics in the Earth and Environmental Sciences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [The example of the Chézy equation is given excellent treatment.]
163. Middleton, G.V. & Southard, J.B. (1984) Mechanics of Sediment Movement, 2nd edn, Short Course Notes 3. SEPM, Tulsa, OK.
164. K.F. Scheidegger & L.A. Krissek (1982) Dispersal and deposition of colian and fluvial sediments off Peru and Chile. Bulletin Geological Society of America 93, 150-62.
165. M. Van Dyke (1982) An Album of Fluid Motion. Parabolic Press, Stanford, CA.
166. R.A. Bagnold (1960) Sediment discharge and stream power: a preliminary announcemen t. Circular 421. US Geological Survey, Washington, DC.
167. H.A. Panorsky & J.A. Dutton (1984) Atmospheric Turbulence: Models and Methods for Engineering Applications. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
168. J.R.L. Allen (1985) Loose boundary hydraulics and fluid mechanics: selected advances since 1961. In: Sedimentology: Recent Developments and Applied Aspects(eds P.J. Brenchley & B.P.J. Williams), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 7-28.
169. A.J. Grass (1971) Structural features of turbulent flow over smooth and rough boundaries. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 50, 233-55.
170. J.R.L. Allen (1985) Principles of Physical Sedimentology. George Allen & Unwin, London.
171. R.E. Fako (1977) Coherent motions in the outer regions of turbulent boundary layers. Physiology Fluids 20, S124-32.
172. D.J. Tritton (1977) Physical Fluid Dynamics, 2nd edn. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 519pp.
173. M.R. Leeder (1982) Scdimentology Process and Product George Allen & Unwin, London, Chapter 4.
174. J. Savini & G.L. Bodhainc (1971) Analysis of current meter data at Columbia River gaging stations, Washington and Oregon, Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1869-F. LIS Geological Survey, Washington, DC.
175. R.K. Adair (1995) The physics of baseball. Physics Today 48(5), 26-31. [A very readable account of the aerodynamics of baseball.]
176. J.R.L. Allen (1984) Sedimentary Structure: Their Character and Physical Basis, Developments in Sedimentoiogy 30. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
177. J.R.L. Allen (1985) Principles of Physical Sedimentolqgy. George Allen & Unwin, London.
178. J.D. Collinson & D.B. Thompson (1982) Sedimentary Structures. George Allen & Unwin, London.
179. G.V. Middleton & J.B. Southard (1977) Mechanics of Sediment Movement, Short Course Notes 3, SEPM, Tulsa, OK.
180. A.J. Raudkivi (1990) Loose Boundary Hydraulics, 3rd edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
181. D.M. Rubin (1987) Cross-Bedding, Bedformsand Paleocurrents, SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology 1. Tulsa, OK.
182. J.B. Southard (1991) Experimental determination of bedform stability. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 19, 423-55.
183. M.S. Yalin (1977) Mechanics of Sediment Transport, 2nd edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
184. A.J. Raudkivi (1990) Loose Boundary Hydraulics, 3rd edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford
185. G.V. Middleton & J.B. Southard (1984) Mechanics of Sediment Movement, 2nd edn, Short Course Notes 3. SEPM, Tulsa, OK.
186. A. Shields (1936) Anwendungder Ahnlichkeitsmechanik und der Turbulenzfbrschung auf die Geschiebebewegung. Mitteilungen der Preussischen Versuchsanstaltfur Wasserbau und Schiffbau 26, 26pp. Translated by W.P. Ott & J.C. van Uchelen, United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, California Institute of Technology.
187. V.A. Vanoni (1964) Measurements of critical shear stress for entraining fine sediments in a boundary layer, Report KH-R-7. W.M. Keck Lab., Hydraulics Water Resources, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.
188. M.C. Miller, I.N. McCave & P.D. Komar (1977) Threshold of sediment motion under unidirectional currents. Sedimentology 24, 507-27.
189. L.J. Tison (1953) Studies of the critical shear stress for the cntrainmcnt of bed materials. In: Proceedings of the International Association for Hydraulic Research, Minneapolis (transl. I.N. McCave), pp. 21-35.
190. A. Shields (1936) Application of similarity principles and turbulence research to bed-load movement. In: Mitteilungen der Preussischen Versuchsanstalt fur Wasserbau und Schiffbau, Berlin, (trans. W.P. Ott & J.C. Uchelen. California Institute of Technology, W.M. Keck Laboratories of Hydraulics and Water Resources, Report No. 167.
191. C.R. Neill (1967) Mean velocity criterion for scour of coarse, uniform bed material. International Association of Hydraulic Research, 12th Congress Proceedings, Eort Collins, Colorado, 3,46-54.
192. A.J. Grass (1970) Initial instability of fine bed sand. Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers 96, 619-32.
193. S.J. White (1970) Plane bed thresholds of fine grained sediments. Nature, 228, 152-3.
194. C.H. Everts (1973) Particle overpassing on flat granular boundaries. Proceedings of the American Society of Cival Engineers 99, 425-8.
195. A.S. Paintal (1971) A stochastic model for bed load transport. Journal of Hydraulic Research 9, 527-3.
196. M.S. Yalin (1977) Mechanics of Sediment Transport, 2nd edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
197. J.R.L. Allen (1994) Fundamental properties of fluids and their relation to sediment transport processes. In: Sediment Transport and Depositional Processes (ed. K. Pye). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 25-60.
198. J.R.D. Francis (1973) Experiments on the motion of solitary grains along the bed of a water stream. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 332A, 443-71.
199. RA. Bagnold (1966) An approach to the sediment transport problem from general physics. Professional Paper 422-1. US Geological Survey, Washington, DC.
200. G. Parker, P.C. Klingeman & D.G. McLean (1982) Bedload and size distribution in paved gravel-bed streams. Proceedings of the American Association of Civil Engineers, Journal of the Hydraulics Division 108, 544-71.
201. J.K. Maizels (1983) Proglacial channel systems: change and thresholds for change over long, intermediate and short time scales. In: Modern and Ancient Fluvial Systems (eds J.D. Collinson & J. Lewin), International Association of Sedimcntologists Special Publication. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. 6, 251-66.
202. M. Church (1978) Palaeohydrological reconstructions from a Holocene valley fill. In: Fluvial Sedimentology (ed. A.D. Miall), Memoir 5. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Ottawa, pp. 743-72.
203. V.T. Chow (ed.) (1964) Handbook of Applied Hydrology. McGraw-Hill, New York.
204. J. Maizels (1986) Modeling of paleohydrologic change during deglaciation. Geographic Physique et Quaternaire 40, 263-77.
205. D.E. Sugdcn, CM. Clappcrton & P.G. Knight (1985) A jokulhlaup near Sondre Stromfjord, west Greenland, and some effects on the ice sheet margin. Journal of Glaciology 31, 366-8.
206. H. Rouse (1937) Modern conceptions of the mechanics of turbulence. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers 102, 436-505.
207. H.A. Einstein (1950) The bedload function for sediment transportation in open channel flows. US Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1026, 1-78.
208. R. Slingerland, J.W. Harbaugh & K.P. Furlong (1994) Simulating Clastic Sedimentary Basins. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
209. American Society of Civil Engineers, Task Committee on Preparation of Sedimentation Manual (1963) Suspension of sediment. Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers 89(HY5), 45-76.
210. B.R. Colby (1963) Fluvial sediments-a summary of source, transportation, deposition, and measurement of sediment discharge, Bulletin 1181-A. US Geological Survey, Washington, DC.
211. R. J. Gibbs, M.D. Matthews & D.A. Link (1971) The relationship between sphere sizx and settling velocity. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 41, 7-18.
212. W.E. Dietrich (1982) Settling velocity of natural particles. Water Resources Research 18, 1615-26.
213. V.A. Vanoni & N.H. Brooks (1957) Laboratory Studies of the Roughness and Suspended Load of Alluvial Streams, Report E>68. Sedimentation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena.
214. J.B. Southard (1991) Experimental determination of bedform stability. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 19, 423-55.
215. M. Leeder (1983) On the interactions between turbulent flow, sediment transport and bedform mechanics in channelized flows. In: Modem and Ancient Fluvial Systems(eds J.D. Collinson & J. Lcwin), International Association of Sedimcntologists Special Publication 6. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 5-18.
216. M.R. Leeder (1980) On the stability of lower stage plane beds and the absence of current ripples in coarse sands. Journal of the Geological Society of London 137, 423-9.
217. J.R.L. Allen & M.R. Leeder (1980) Criteria for instability of upper stage plane beds. Sedimentology 27, 209-17.
218. K.J. Richards (1980) The formation of ripples and dunes on an erodible bed. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 99, 597-618.
219. M. Van Dyke (1982) An Album of Fluid Motion. Parabolic Press, Stanford, CA.
220. J.R.L. Allen (1985) Principles of Physical Sedimentology. George Allen and Unwin, London, 272pp.
221. J.C. Harms, J.B. Southard & R.G. Walker (1982) Structures and Sequences in Clastic Rocks, Short Course Notes 9. SEPM, Tulsa, OK.
222. D.M. Rubin (1987) Cross-Redding, Bed forms and Paleocurrents, Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology 1. SEPM, Tulsa, OK.
223. J.R.L. Allen (1985) Principles of Physical Sedimentology. George Allen & Unwin, London, pp. 234-5
224. J.E. Costa & G.F. Wieczorek (1987) Debris Flows/Avalanches: Process, Recognition and Mitigation, Reviews in Engineering Geology VII, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO.
225. A.M. Johnson (1970) Physical Processes in Geology. Freeman, Cooper & Co., San Francisco, Chapters 12-14.
226. G.V. Middleton & P.R. Wilcock (1994) Mechanics in the Earth and Environmental Sciences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
227. K.T. Pickering, R.N. Hiscott & F.J. Hein (1989) Deep Marine Environments: Clastic Sedimentation and Tectonics. Unwin Hyman, London.
228. J.E. Costa (1988) Rheologic, geomorphic, and sedimentologic differentiation of water floods, hyperconccntrated flows, and debris flows. In: Flood Geomorphology (eds V.R. Baker, R.C. Kochel & P.C. Partem). Wiley, New York, pp. 113-22.
229. A.W. Skcmpton & J.N. Hutchinson (1969) Stability of natural slopes and embankment foundations, state-of-the-Art report. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Mexico City, Vol. 2 pp. 291-335.
230. D.J. Varncs (1978) Slope movements and types and processes. In: Landslides: Analysis and Control (eds R.L. Schuster & J. Krizek), Transportation Research Board Special Report 176. National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC, pp. 11-33.
231. T. Mulder & P. Cochonat (1996) Classification of offshore mass movements. Journal of Sedimentary Research 66, 43-57.
232. H.H. Roberts, J.N. Suhayda & J.M. Coleman (1980) Sediment deformation and transport on low-angle slopes: Mississippi River delta. In: Thresholds in Gcomorphology (eds D.R. Coates & J.D. Vitek). George Allen & Unwin, London, pp. 131-67.
233. A.B. Watts & D.G. Masson (1995) A giant landslide on the north flank of Tenerife, Canary Islands. Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 24487-98.
234. J.G. Moore, D.A. Clague, R.T. Holcomb, P.W. Lipman, W.R. Normark & M.E. Torresan (1989) Prodigious submarine landslides on the Hawiian Ridge. Journal of Geophysical Research 94, 17465-84.
235. P.P.E. Weaver, R.G. Rothwell, J. Ebbing, D. Gunn & P.M. Hunter (1992) Correlation, frequency of emplacement and source directions of megaturbidites on the Madeira Abyssal Plain. Marine Geology 109, 1-20.
236. M.A. Carson & M.J. Kirkby (1972) Hillslope Form and Process. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
237. J.R.L. Allen (1984) Sedimentary Structures: their Character and Physical Basis. Elsevier, Oxford, 663pp.
238. G.V. Middleton & PR. Wilcock (1994) Mechanics in the Earth and Environmental Sciences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
239. A.M. Johnson (1970) Physical Processes in Geology. Freeman, Cooper & Co., San Francisco, Chapters 12-14.
240. R.A. Bagnold (1956) The flow of cohesionless grains in fluids. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London 249A, 235-97.
241. C.S. Campbell (1990) Rapid granular flows. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 11, 57-92.
242. T. Takahashi (1981) Debris flow. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 13, 57-77.
243. H.M. Jaeger, S.R. Nagel & R.P. Bchringer (1996) The physics of granular materials. Physics Today 49, 32-8.
244. R.P. Sharp & L.H.Nobles (1953) Mudflow of 1941 at Wrightwood, Southern California. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 64, 547-60.
245. M.A. Hampton (1972) The role of subaqueous debris flow in generating turbidity currents. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 42, 775-93.
246. G.V. Middleton & J.B. Southard (1977) Mechanics of Sediment Movement Short Course Notes 3. SEPM Tulsa, OK.
247. E. Simpson & R.E. Britter (1979) The dynamics of the head of a gravity current advancing over a horizontal surface. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 94, 477-95.
248. R.A. Bagnold (1962) Autosuspension of transported sediment; turbidity currents. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London 265A, 315-19.
249. H.M. Pantin (1979) Interaction between velocity and effective density in turbidity flow: phase plane analysis, with criteria for autosuspension. Marine Geology 31, 59-99.
250. K.T. Pickering, RN. Hiscott & F.J. Hein (1989) Deep Marine Environments: Clastic Sedimentation and Tectonics. Unwin Hyman, London.
251. W.B. Dade & H.E. Huppert (1994) Predicting the geometry channelised deep sea turbidites. Geology 22, 645-8.
252. B.C. Kneller & M.J. Branney (1995) Sustained high-density turbidity currents and the deposition of thick massive sands. Sedimentology 42,607-16
253. B.C. Kneller (1995) Beyond the turbidite paradigm: physical models for deposition of turbidites and their implications for reservoir prediction. In: Reservoir Characterisation of Deep Marine Clastic Systems (eds D.J. Prosser & A. Hartley), Special Publication. Geological Society of London, London.
254. G.V. Middleton & M.A. Hampton (1976) Subaqueous sediment transport and deposition by sediment gravity flows. In: Marine Sediment Transport and Environmental Management (eds D.J. Stanley & D.J.P. Swift). Wiley, New York, pp. 197-218.
255. A.H. Bouma (1962) Sedimentology of Some Flysch Deposits: A Graphic Approach to Fades Interpretation. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
256. D.R. Lowe (1982) Sediment gravity flows: II. Depositional models with special reference to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 52, 279-97'.
257. Branney, M.J. & Kokelaar, B.P. (1992) A reappraisal of ignimbrite emplacement: progressive aggradation and changes from particulate to non-particulate flow during emplacement of high-grade ignimbrite. Bulletin of Volcanology 54, 504-20.
258. R.S.J. Sparks & L. Wilson (1976) A model for the formation of ignimbrite by gravitational column collapse. Journal of the Geological Society of London 132, 441-51.
259. R.S.J. Sparks, L. Wilson & G. Hulme (1978) Theoretical modelling of the generation, movement and emplacement of pyroclastic flows by column collapse. Journal of Geophysical Research 83, 1727-39.
260. J.V. Wright, A.L. Smith & S. Self (1980) A working terminology of pyroclastic deposits. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 8, 315-36.
261. R Francis (1993) Volcanoes: A Planetary Perspective. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
262. L. Wilson, RSJ. Sparks & G.P.L. Walker (1980) Explosive volcanic eruptions IV. The control of magma properties and conduit geometry on eruption column behaviour. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 63, 117-48.
263. R.SJ. Sparks, S. Serf & G.P.L. Walker (1973) Products of ignimbrite eruptions. Geology 1, 115-18.
264. RV. Fisher (1990) Transport and deposition of a pyroclastic surge across an area of high relief: the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens, Washington. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 102, 1038-54.
265. J.R.L. Allen (1985) Principles of Physical Sedimentology. George Allen & Unwin, Ixmdon
266. S. Pond & G.L. Pickard (1983) Introductory Dynamical Oceanography, 2nd edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
267. R. Slingerland, J.W. Harbaugh & K.P. Furlong (1994) Simulating Clastic Sedimentary Basins. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Chapter 5.
268. L.D. Wright (1977) Sediment transport and deposition at river mouths: a synthesis. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 88, 857-68.
269. M. Van Dyke (1982) An Album of Fluid Motion. Parabolic Press, Stanford, CA.
270. J.R.I. Allen (1985) Principles of Physical Sedimentology. George Allen & Unwin, London, Chapter 11.
271. L.D. Wright (1977) Sediment transport and deposition at river mouths: a synthesis. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 88, 857-68.
272. L.D. Wright & J.M. Coleman (1974) Mississippi River mouth processes: effluent dynamics and morphologic development. Journal of Geology 82, 751-78.
273. C.C. Bates (1953) Rational theory of delta formation. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 37, 2119-61.
274. K.D. Stolzenbach & D.R.F. Harlcman (1971) An analytical and experimental investigation of surface discharges of heated water, Department of Civil Engineering Report 135. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
275. R. Slingerland, J.W. Harbaugh & K.P. Furlong (1994) Simulating Clastic Sedimentary Basins. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Chapter 5. [There is now a range of computer programs available to model sedimentation at river mouths.]
276. G. Miiller (1966) The new Rhine delta in Lake Constance. In: Deltas in their Geologic Framework (ed. M.L. Shirley). Houston Geological Society, Houston, TX,pp. 107-24.
277. M.J. Bowman & R.L. Iverson (1978) Estuarine and plume fronts. In: Oceanic Fronts in Coastal Processes (eds M.J. Bowman & W.E. Esaias). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 87-104.
278. J.P.M. Syvitski & S. Daughney (1992) Delta 2: delta progradation and basin filling. Computers and Geosciences 18, 839-97. [There is now a range of computer programs available to model sedimentation at river mouths.]
279. J.P.M. Syvitski & J.M. Alcott (1993) Grain 2: predictions of particle size seaward of river mouths. Computers and Geosciences 19,399-466. [T here is now a range of computer programs available to model sedimentation at river mouths.]
280. L.D. Wright & J.M. Coleman (1971) Effluent expansion and interracial mixing in the presence of a salt wedge, Mississippi River delta. Journal of Geophysical Research 76, 8649-61.
281. A.C. Duxbury (1965) The union of the Columbia Rjvcr and the Pacific Ocean-general features. In: Ocean Science and Ocean Engineering. Marine Technology Society, Washington DC, pp. 914-22.
282. W.E. Galloway (1975) Process framework for describing the morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of deltaic depositional systems. In: Deltas, Models for Exploration (ed. M.L. Broussard), Houston Geological Society, Houston, TX, pp. 97-8.
283. L.D. Wright & J.M. Coleman (1973) Variations in morphology of major river deltas as functions of ocean wave and river discharge regimes. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 57, 370-98.
284. J.T. Wells & J.M. Coleman (1984) Deltaic morphology and sedimentology, with special reference to the Indus River delta. In: Marine Geology and Oceanography of the Arabian Sea and Coastal Pakistan (eds B.U. Haq and J.D. Milliman). Van Nostrand Rcinhold, New York, pp. 85-110.
285. P. Homewood & P.A. Allen (1981) Wave-, tide- and current-controlled sandbodics of Miocene Molasse, western Switzerland. Bulletin of the Association of Petroleum Geologists 65, 2534-45.
286. ICR. Dyer (1994) Estuarine sediment transport and deposition. In: Sediment Transport and Depositional Processes (ed. K. I've). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 193-218.
287. J. Avoine (1981) L'Estuarine de la Seine: sediments et dynamique sedimentaire. Docteurde Spccialite thesis, Universitc de Caen, France.
288. G.P. Allen (1973) Etude desprocesses sedimentaires dans I'estuarine dc la Gironde, Memoire 5. Institut Geologique Bassin d'Aquitaine.
289. K. Pye (1994) Properties of sediment particles. In: Sediment Transport and Depositional Processes (ed. K. Pye). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 1-24.
290. K.F. Bowden (1983) Physical Oceanography of Coastal Waters. Ellis Horwood, Chichester.
291. P.D. Komar (1972) Beach Processes and Sedimentation. Prentice Hall, Englcwood Cliffs, NJ.
292. Open University (1989) Waves, Tides and Shallow-Water Processes, course S330, Vol. 4. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
293. S. Pond & G.L. Pickard (1983) Introductory Dynamical Oceanography, 2nd edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
294. Y. Accad & C.L. Pekeris (1978) Solution of tidal equations for M2 and S2 tides in the world ocean form a knowledge of the tidal potential alone. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, 290A, 235-66.
295. S. Pond & G.L. Pickard (1983) Introductory Dynamical Oceanography, 2nd edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
296. K. Wadati, T. Hirono & S. Hisamoto (1963) On the tsunami warning service in Japan. Proceedings of the Tsunami Meetings, 10th Pacific Science Congress, Monograph 24. IUGG, pp. 138-15.
297. A.C. Redfield (1958) Influence of the continental shelf on tides of the Atlantic coast of the United States. Journal of Marine Research 17, 432-48.
298. G.I. Taylor (1920) Tidal oscillations in gulfs and rectangular basins. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 20, 144-81.
299. M.C. Hendershott & A. Speranza (1971) Co-oscillating tides in long, narrow bays: the Taylor problem revisited. Deep Sea Research 18, 959-80.
300. D.A. Huntley (1980) Tides on the north-west European continental shelf. In: The North-West European Shelf Seas: The Sea Bed and the Sea in Motion. II Physical and Chemical Oceanography and Physical Resources(eds F.T. Banner, M.B. Collins & K.S. Massie). Elsevier, Amsterdam.
301. G. Godin (1980) Cotidal charts for Canada, MSS Report Series No. 55. Marine Sciences and Information Directorate, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa.
302. J.R. L. Allen (1985) Principles of Physical Sedimentology. George Allen & Unwin, London.
303. K.F. Bowden (1983) Physical Oceanography of Coastal Waters. Ellis Horwood, Chichester.
304. S.Berne,J. P. Auffret & P. Walker (1988) Internal structure of subtidal sandwaves revealed by high resolution seismic reflection. Sedimentology 35, 5-20.
305. J.R.L. Allen (1980) Sand waves: a model of origin and internal structure. Sedimentary Geology 26, 281 -328.
306. PA. Allen, P. Homewood, M.A. Mange-Rajetzky & A. Matter (1985) Dynamic palaeogeography of the open Burdigalian seaway, Swiss Molasse Basin. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 86, 121-72.
307. P.A. Allen & J.P. Bass (1992) Sedimentology of the Upper Marine Molasse of the Rhone- Alp region, eastern France; implications for basin evolution. Eclogae. Geologicae Helvetiae 86, 121-72.
308. P.A. Allen & P. Homewood (1984) Evolution and mechanics of a Miocene tidal sandwave. Sedimentology 31, 63-81.
309. M.J. Visser (1980) Neap-spring cycles reflected in Holocene subtidal large-scale bedform deposits: a preliminary note. Geology 8, 543-6.
310. J.R.L. Allen (1982) Mud-drapes in sandwave deposits: a physical model with application to the Folkestone Beds (early Cretaceous, southeast England). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London 306A, 291-345.
311. P.D. Komar(1972) Beach Processes and Sedimentation. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
312. Open University (1989) Waves, Tides and Shallow-Water Processes, course S330, Vol. 4. rergamon Press, Oxford.
313. M.S. Longuet-Higgins (1953) Mass transport in water waves. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London 245A, 535-81.
314. R.L. Wiegel (1964) Oceanographical Engineering. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
315. B. Kinsman (1965) Wind Waves: Their Generation and Propagation on the Ocean Surface. Prentice Hall.
316. J.W. Johnson (1956) Dynamics ofnearshore sediment movement. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 40, 2211-32.
317. PC. Liu (1971) Normalized and equilibrium spectra of wind waves in Lake Michigan. Journal of Physical Oceanography 1, 249-57.
318. P.D. Komar & M.C. Miller (1975) The threshold of sediment movement under oscillatory water waves. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 43, 1101-10.
319. J.R.L. Allen (1979) A model for the interpretation of wave ripple-marks using their wavelength, textural composition and shape. Journal of the Geological Society of London 136, 673-82.
320. J.F.A. Sleath (1976) On rolling grain ripples. Journalof Hydraulic Research 14, 69-80.
321. R.A. Bagnold (1946) Motion of waves in shallow water. Interactions between waves and sand bottoms. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 187A, 1-15.
322. H.E. Clifton (1976) Wave-formed sedimentary structures-a conceptual model. In: Beach and Nearshore Sedimentation (eds R.A. Davies & R.L. Ethington), Special Publication 24. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, OK, pp. 126-48.
323. M.C. Miller & P.D. Komar (1980) Oscillation sand ripples generated by laboratory apparatus. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 50, 173-82.
324. J. Dingler & D.L. Inman (1977) Wave-formed ripples in nearshore sands. Proceedings of the 15th Conference on Coastal Engineering, 2109-26.
325. P.D. Komar (1974) Oscillatory ripple marks and the evaluation of ancient wave conditions and environments. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 44, 169-80.
326. P.A. Allen (1981) Wave-generated structures in the Devonian lacustrine sediments of SE Shetland, and ancient wave conditions. Sedimentology 28, 369-79.
327. P.A. Allen (1984) Reconstruction of ancient wave conditions, with an example from the Swiss Molasse. Marine Geology 60, 455-73.
328. B. Diem (1984) Analytical method for estimating palaeoware climate and water depth from wave ripple marks, Sedimentology 32, 705-20.
329. P.S. Moore (1982) Ripple-mark analysis of a fine-grained epeiric sea deposit (Cambrian, South Australia). Journal of the Geological Society of Australia 27, 71-81.
330. B. Sundquist (1982) Palaeobathymetric interpretation of wave ripple-marks in a Ludlovian grainstone of Gotland. Geologiska Fbreningen i Stockholm Fbrhandlingar 104, 157-66.
331. P.A. Alien (1981) Some guidelines in reconstructing ancient sea conditions from wave ripple-marks. Marine Geology 43, M59-67.
332. J.R. Boersma (1970) Distinguishing features of wave-ripple cross-stratification and morphology. Doctoral thesis, University Utrecht, The Netherlands, 65pp.
333. See R.S. Newton (1968) Internal structures of wave-formed ripple marks in the nearshore zone. Sedimentology 11, 275-92.
334. J.R.L. Allen (1982) Physical oceanography of continental shelves. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics 21, 1149-81.
335. K.F. Bowden (1983) Physical Oceanography of Coastal Waters. Ellis Horwood, Chichester.
336. S. Pond & G.L. Pickard (1983) Introductory Dynamical Oceanography, 2nd edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
337. CP. Summcrhaycs & S.A. Thorpe (1996) Oceanography: An Illustrated Guide. Manson Publishing, London.
338. H.G. Reading (ed.) (1996) Sedimentary Enviromnents and Fades, 3rd edn.
339. K.T. Pickering, R.N. Hiscott & F.J. Hein (1989) Deep Marine Environments: Clastic Sedimentation and Tectonics. Unwin Hyman, London, 416pp.
340. J R. Garratt (1977) Review of drag coefficients over oceans and continents. Monthly Weather Review 105, 915-29.
341. K.F. Bowden (1983) Physical Oceanography of Coastal Waters. Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, England, p. 125.
342. S. Pond & G.L. Pickard (1983) Introductory Dynamical Oceanography, 2nd edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
343. O.S. Madsen (1977) A realistic model of the wind-induced Ekman boundary layer. Journal of Physical Oceanography 7, 248-55.
344. Open University (1989) Ocean Circulation, course S330, Vol. 3. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
345. B.W. Flemming (1981) Factors controlling shelf sediment dispersal along the southeast African continental margin. Marine Geology 42, 259-77.
346. I.N. McCave & DJ.P. Swift (1976) A physical model for the rate of deposition of fine-grained sediments in the deep sea. Bulletin of the Geological Society of A merica 87, 541-6.
347. S. Eittreim & M. Ewing (1972) Suspended particulate matter in the deep waters of the North American basin. In: Studies in Physical Oceanography, Vol. 2 (ed. A.L. Gordon). Gordon & Breach, New York, pp. 123-68.
348. D.A.V. Stow & J.P.B. Lovell (1979) Contourites: their recognition in modern and ancient sediments. Earth Science Reviews 14, 251-91.
349. D.A.V. Stow & J.A. Holbrook (1984) North Atlantic contourites: an overview. In: Fine Grained Sediments: Deep-Water Processes and Fades (ed. D.A.V. Stow and D.J.W. Piper), Geological Society of London Special Publication 15. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 245-56.
350. I.N. McCave & B.E. Tucholke (1986) Deep current-controlled sedimentation in the western North Atlantic. In: The Geology of North America, Volume M, TIK Western North Atlantic Region (eds P.R. Vogt and B.E. Tucholke). Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, pp. 451-68.
351. J.R.L. Allen (1985) Principles of Physical Sedimentology. George Allen & Unwin, London.
352. DJ.P. Swift, G. Han & C.E. Vincent (1986) Fluid processes and sea floor response on a modern storm-dominated shelf: the Middle Atlantic shelf of North America. Part 1: The storm-current regime. In: Shelf Sands and Sandstones (ed. R.J. Knight & J.R. McLean), Memoir 11. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, pp. 99-119. [An excellent summary of the hydraulic regime, with an eye constantly on the applicability to ancient shelf sequences.]
353. G.T. Csanady (1976) Mean circulation in shallow seas. Journal of Geophysical Research 81, 5389-99.
354. DJ.P. Swift & A.W. Niedoroda (1985) Fluid and sediment dynamics on continental shelves. In: Shelf Sands and Sandstone Reservoirs (eds R.W. Tillman, R.G. Walker & DJ.P. Swift), Short Course Notes 13. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, OK, pp. 47-135.
355. T.R. Keen & R.L. Slingerland (1993) Four storm-event beds and the tropical cyclones that produced them: a numerical hindcast. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 63, 218-32.
356. J.W. Sncdden & D. Nummedal (1991) Origin and geometry of storm-deposited sand beds in modern sediments of the Texas continental shelf. In: Shelf Sand and Sandstone Bodies: Geometry, Facies and Sequence Stratigraphy (eds DJ.P. Swift, G.F. Oertel, R.W. Tillman & J .A. Thornc), Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists 14. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 283-308.
357. M. Miyazaki (1965) A numerical computation of the storm surge of Hurricane Carla 1961 in the Gulf of Mexico. Oceanographical Magazine 17, 109-40.
358. M.O. Hayes (1967) Hurricanes as geologic agents: case-studies of Hurricane Carla, 1961, and Cindy, 1963 Report of Investigation 61. Texas University Bureau of Economic Geology, Austin, TX.
359. DJ.P. Swift, R.A. Young, T. Clarke & C.E. Vincent (1981) Sediment transport in the Middle Atlantic Bight of North America: synopsis of recent observations. In: Holocene Marine Sedimentation in the North Sea Basin (eds S.D. Nio, R.T.F.. Schutrenhelm & T.C.E. van Wecring), Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists 5. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 361-83.
360. DJ.P. Swift, D.B. Duane & T.F. McKinney (1973) Ridge and swale topography of the Middle Atlantic Bight, North America: secular response to the Holocene hydraulic regime. Marine Geology 15, 227-47.
361. DJ.P. Swift (1976) Continental shelf sedimentation. In: Marine Sediment Transport and Environmental Management (eds D.J. Stanley & DJ.P. Swift). Wiley, New York, pp. 311-50.
362. W.L. Stubblefield, D.W. McGrail & D.G. Kersey (1983) Development of middle continental shelf sand ridges: New Jersey. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 67, 817-30.
363. D.J.P. Swift, T.F. McKinney & L. Stahl (1984) Recognition of transgressive and post-transgressive sand ridges on the New Jersey continental shelf: Discussion. In: Siliclastic Shelf Sediments (eds R.W. Tillman & C.T. Siemers), Special Publication 34. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, OK, pp. 25-36.
364. J.M. Rine, R.W. Tillman, S.J. Culver & DJ.P. Swift (1991) Generation of late Holocene sand ridges on the middle continental shelf of New Jersey, USA-evidence for formation in a mid-shelf setting based on comparisons with a ncarshore ridge. In: Shelf Sand and Sandstone Bodies (eds DJ.P. Swift, G.F. Oertel, R.W. Tillman & J.A. Thorne), Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists 14. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 395-423.
365. J.D. Smith & T.S. Hopkins (1972) Sediment transport on the continental shelf off Washington and Oregon in light of recent current meter measurements. In: Shelf Sediment Transport (eds DJ.P. Swift, D.B. Duane & O.H. Pilkey). Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Stroudsburg, PA, pp. 143- 80.
366. C.A. Nittrouer & R.W. Sternberg (1981) The formation of sedimentary strata in an allochthonous shelf environment: the Washington continental shelf. Marine Geology 42, 201-32.
367. C.A. Nittrouer, R.W. Sternberg, R. Carpenrer & J J. Bennett (1979) The use of 2l0Pb geochronology as a sedimentological tool: application to the Washington continental shelf. Marine Geology 31, 297-316.
368. N.B. Rachel & J.D. Smith (1986) Geological impact of sediment transporting events on the Washington continental shelf. In: Shelf Sands and Sandstones (ed. R.J. Knight & J.R. McLean), Memoir 11. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, pp. 145-62.
369. M.J. Healy-Ridge & B. Carson (1987) Sediment transport on the Washington shelf: estimates of dispersal rates of the Mt. St. Helens ash. Continental Shelf Research 7, 759-72.
370. J.C. Harms, J.B. Southard, D R. Spearing & R.G. Walker (1975) Depositional Environments as Interpreted from Primary Sedimentary Structures and Stratification Sequences, Short Course Notes 2. Society Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, OK.
371. RJ. Cheel & D.A. Leckie (1993) Hummocky cross-stratification. Sedimentology Review 1, 103- 22.
372. W.M. Gray (1975) Tropical Cyclone Genesis, Atmospheric Science Paper 234. Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
373. R.A. Bagnoid (1941) The Physics of Blown Sands and Desert Dunes. Methucn, London.
374. R.U. Cooke & A. Warren (1973) Geomorphology in Deserts. Batsford, London.
375. A.S. Greeley & J.D. Iversen (1985) Wind as a Geological Process. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
376. J.R. Holton (1979) An Introduction to Dynamical Meteorology, Academic Press, New York.
377. K. Pye & H. Tsoar (1990) Aeolian Sand and Sand Dunes. Unwin Hyman, London.
378. D. Brunr (1939) Physical and Dynamical Meteorology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
379. K. Pye & H. Tsoar (1990) Aeolian Sand and Sand Dunes. Unwin Hyman, London.
380. F.R. Eldridge (1980) Wind Machines, 2nd edn. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
381. J.T. Houghton (1986) The Physics of Atmospheres, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
382. T.R. Oke (1978) Boundary Layer Climates. Methuen, London.
383. A.J. Bowen & D. Lindley (1977) A wind tunnel investigation of the wind speed and turbulence characteristics close to the ground over various escarpment shapes. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 12, 315-38.
384. P.S. Jackson (1977) Aspects of surface wind behaviour. Wind Engineering 1, 1-14.
385. H. Tsoar (1986) Two-dimensional analysis of dune profile and the effect of grain size on sand dune morphology. In: Physics of Desertification (eds F. El-Baz & M.H.A. Hassan). Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, pp. 94-108.
386. R. Greeley & J.D. Iversen (1985) Wind as a Geological Process. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
387. RA. Bagnoid (1941) The Physics of Blown Sands and Desert Dunes. Methuen, London.
388. W.S. Chepil (1951) Properties of soil which influence wind erosion, TV. State of dry aggregate structure. Soil Science 72, 387-401.
389. K. Horikawa & H.W. Shen (1960) Sand Movement by Wind Action, Technical Memo 119. US Army Corps of Engineers, Beach Erosion Board, Washington, DC.
390. J.D. Iversen & White (1982) Saltahan threshold on Earth, Mars and Venus. Seimentology 29, 111-19.
391. C. McKenna-Neuman & W.G. Nickling (1989) A theoretical and wind tunnel investigation of the effect of capillary water on the entrainment of sediment by wind. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69, 79-96.
392. W.S. Chepil (1945) Dynamics of wind erosion, II. Initiation of soil movement. Soil Science 60, 397-411.
393. W.S. Chepil (1959) Equilibrium of soil grains at the threshold of movement by wind. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America 23, 422-8.
394. A.W. Zingg (1953) Wind tunnel studies of the movement of sedimentary material. Proceedings of the 5th Hydraulic Conference Bulletin 34, 111-135. Institute of Hydraulics, Iowa City.
395. M. Logie (1982) Influence of roughness elements and soil moisture of sand to wind erosion. Catena (Supplement) 1, 161-73.
396. H. Tsoar & K. Pye (1987) Dust transport and the question of desert loess formation. Sedimentology 34, 139-53.
397. W.S. Chepil (1961) The use of spheres to measure lift and drag on wind eroded soil grains. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 25, 343-5.
398. J.D. Iversen, R. Greeley, J.R. Marshall & J.B. Pollack (1987) Aeolian saltation threshold: the effect of density ratio. Sedimentology 34, 699 -706.
399. R.S. Anderson (1987) A theoretical model for aeolian impact ripples. Sedimentology 34, 943-56.
400. P.R. Owen (1964) Saltation of uniform grains in air. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 20, 225-42.
401. R.S. Anderson & B. Hallet (1986) Sediment transport by wind; towards a general model. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 97, 523-35.
402. P.R. Owen (1980) The Physics of Sand Movement. Lecture Notes, Workshop on Physics of Flow in Deserts. International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste.
403. R.A. Bagnoid (1936) The movement of desert sand. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 157A, 594-620.
404. K.M. Gerety & R. Slingerland (1983) Nature of the saltating population in wind tunnel experiments with heterogeneous size-density sands. In: Eolian Sediments and Processes (eds M.E. Brookfield & T.S. Ahlbrandt). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 115-31.
405. R.S. Anderson (1988) The pattern of grainfall deposition in the lee of aeolian dunes. Sedimentology 34, 943-56.
406. C.J. Frazee, J.B. Fehrenbacher & W.C. Krumbcin (1970) Loess deposition from a source. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America 34, 296-301.
407. R.E. Hunter (1977) Basic types of stratification in small eolian dunes. Sedimentology 24, 361-87.
408. E.D. McKee (1979) A study of global sand seas. Professional Paper 1052. US Geological Survey, Washington DC.
409. R.U. Cooke & A. Warren (1973) Geomorphology in Deserts. University of California Press, Berkeley.
410. H. Tsoar, K.R. Rasmussen, M. Sorensen & B.B. Willetts (1985) Laboratory studies of flow over dunes. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Physics of Blown Sand (eds O. E. Barndorff-Nielsen, J.T. Atelier, K.R. Rasmussen & B.B. Willetts), Memoir 8. Department of Theoretical Statistics, Institute of Mathematics, University of Aarhus, pp. 327-49.
411. H. Tsoar (1983) Dynamic processes acting on a longitudinal (seif) dune. Sedimentology 30, 567-578.
412. N.J. Middleton, A.S. Goudie & G.L. Wells (1986) The frequency and source areas of dust storms. In: Aeolian Geomorphology (ed. W.G. Nickling). Allen & Unwin, London, pp. 237-60.
413. E.A. Bryant (1991) 'Natural Hazards. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
414. R.G. Currie (1984) Periodic (18-6 years) and cyclic (11 year) induced drought and flood in western North America. Journal of Geophysical Research 89, 7215-30.
415. P. Blaikie (1985) The Political Economy of Soil Erosion in Developing Countries. Longman, London.
416. D. Worster (1979) Dust Bowl. Oxford University Press, New York.
417. W. Lockeretz (1978) The lessons of the dust bowl. In: Use and Misuse of'Earth's Surjace (ed. B.J. Skinner). Kaufmann, Los Altos, CA, 140-9.
418. R.U. Cooke & J.C. Doornkamp (1990) Geomorphology in Environmental Management. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 410pp.
419. Drewry (1986) Glacial Geologic Processes. Edward Arnold, London.
420. W.S.B. Paterson (1981) The Physics of Glaciers, 2nd edn. Pcrgamon Press, Oxford.
421. D.E. Sugden & B.S. John (1976) Glaciers and Landscape. Edward Arnold, London.
422. E. Reclus (1881) The History of a Mountain. Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, p. 121.
423. R.F. Flint (1971) Glacial and Quaternary Geology. Wiley, New York.
424. C. Embleton & C.A.M. King (1968) Glacial and Periglacial Geomorphology. Edward Arnold, London.
425. J.T. Andrews (1975) Glacial Systems-an Approach to Glaciers and their Environments. Duxbury Press, North Scituate.
426. D. Drewry (1986) Glacial Geologic Processes. Edward Arnold, London.
427. M. Bell & F.P. Laine (1985) Erosion of the Laurentide region of North America by glacial and glaciofluvial processes. Quaternary Research 23, 154-74.
428. D.D. Braun (1989) Glacial and periglacial erosion of the Appalachians. Geomorphology 2, 233-56.
429. W.S.B. Paterson (1981) The Physics of Glaciers, 2nd edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
430. K. Hutter (1983) Theoretical Glaciology. Reidel, Boston.
431. K. Hutter (1982) Dynamics of glaciers and large ice masses. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 14, 87-130.
432. R.P. Sharp (1951) Features of the firn on Upper Seward Glacier, St Elais Mountains, Canada. Journal of Geology 59, 599-62.
433. C.C. Langway (1967) Stratigraphic analysis of a deep ice core from Greenland. US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Research Report 77, Hanover, New Hampshire.
434. J.W. Glen (1952) Experiments on the deformation of ice. Journal of Glaciology 2, 111-14.
435. M.F. Meier (1960) Mode of flow of Saskatchewan Glacier, Alberta, Canada, Professional Paper 351. US Geological Survey, Washington DC.
436. I.C. Savage & W.S.B. Paterson (1963) Borehole measurements in the Athabasca glacier. Journal of Geophysical Research 68, 4521.
437. G.V. Middlcton & PR. Wilcock (1994) Mechanics in the Earth and Environmental Sciences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
438. J.W. Glen (1955) The creep of polycrystalline ice. Proceedings of the Royal Society 228A, 519-38.
439. L.K. Rarary & D. Tabor (1958) The adhesion and strength properties of ice. Proceedings of the Royal Society 245A, 184-201.
440. J. Weertman (1968) Comparison between measured and theoretical temperature profiles of the Camp Century, Greenland, borehole. Journal of Geophysical Research 73, 2691-2700.
441. J. Nye (1952) The mechanics of glacier flow. Journal of Glaciology 2, 82-93.
442. S.S.Vialov(1958) IASH 47,266.
443. J.F. Nye The distribution of stress and velocity in glaciers and ice sheets. (1957) Proceedings of the Royal Society 239A, 113.
444. M.A. Summerfield (1991) Global Geomorphology. Longman, London.
445. R.B. Alley, D.D. Blankenship, C.R. Bentley & S.T. Rooney (1986) Deformation of till beneath icestream B, West Antarctica. Nature 322, 57-9.
446. G.S. Boulton (1974) Processes and patterns of glacial erosion. In: Glacial Geomorphology (eds D.R. Coates). State University of New York. Binghampton, pp. 41-87.
447. C. Thorn (1988) Nivation: geomorphic chimera. In: Advances in Periglacial Geomorphology (ed. M.J. Clark). Wiley, Chichester.
448. D.E. Sugden & B.S. John (1976) Glaciers and Landscape. Edward Arnold, London.
449. R.S. Williams, Jr. (1986) Glaciers and glacial landforms. In: Geomorphology from Space (eds N.M. Short Sc R.W. Blair Jr), Special Publication 486. NASA, Washington DC, pp. 521-96.
450. V.R. Baker & R.C. Bunker (1985) Cataclysmic late Pleistocene flooding from glacial Lake Missoula: a review. Quaternary Science Reviews 4, 1-41.
451. R.H. Meade, C.F. Nordin, W.F. Curtis, F.M. Costa Rodrigues, CM. Do Vale & J.M. Edmond (1979) Sediment loads in the Amazon River. Nature 278, 161-3.
452. K. Hewitt (1993) Altitudinal organization of Karakoram geomorphic processes and depositional environments. In: Himalaya to the Sea (ed. J.F. Shroder Jr). Routledge, London, pp. 159-83.
453. J.F. Shroeder, Jr., M.S. Khan, R.D. Lawrence, I. Madin & S.M. Higgins (1989) Quaternary glacial chronology and ncotcctonics in the Himalayas of northern Pakistan. In: Tectonics and Geophysics of the Western Elimalaya (eds L.L. Malinconico Jr. & R.J. Lillie), Special Paper 232. Geological Society of America, Washington DC, 275-93.
454. J.S. Gardner & N.K. Jones (1993) Sediment transport and yield at the Raikot glacier, Nanga, Parbat, Punjab Himalaya. In: Himalaya to the Sea (ed. J.F. Shroder Jr). Routledge, London, pp. 184-97.