The influence of sandstorms and long-range transport on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 in the high-altitude atmosphere of Southern China

Atmosphere

Volumn 6, Issue 11, 2015, Pages 1633-1651

  Yang, Minmin ^a   Wang, Yan ^a   Liu, Qiang ^b   Ding, Aijun ^b   Li, Yuhua ^c  

^a SHANDONG UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b NANJING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c Shandong Environmental Monitoring Center   (China)

Author keywords

Emission sources; Free troposphere; Long range transport; Mount Heng; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Sandstorm

Indexed keywords

AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; AROMATIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS; COAL COMBUSTION; HYDROCARBONS; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; STORMS;

EMISSION SOURCES; FREE TROPOSPHERE; LONG RANGE TRANSPORT; MOUNT HENG; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS); SANDSTORM;

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS;

ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DUST STORM; EMISSION; LONG RANGE TRANSPORT; PAH; PARTICULATE MATTER; POLLUTANT SOURCE; TROPOSPHERE;

CHINA; MOUNT HENG; SHANXI;

EID: 84949567462     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20734433     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/atmos6111633     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Wang, Y.; Hopke, P.K.; Xia, X.; Rattigan, O.V.; Chalupa, D.C.; Utell, J.E. Source apportionment of airborne particulate matter using inorganic and organic species as tracers. Atmos. Environ. 2012, 55, 525-532.
2. 2.5 in China: Measurements, sources, visibility and health effects and mitigation. Particuology 2013, 13, 1-26.
3. 2.5 bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Atlanta-Seasonal variations at urban, suburban, and rural ambient air monitoring sites. Atmos. Environ. 2009, 43, 4187-4193.
4. Neff, J. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment and cancer risk to aquatic organisms and man. Am. Environ. Prot. Agency Rep. 1982, 600, 9-82.
5. Bopp, S.K.; Lettieri, T. Gene regulation in the marine diatom thalassiosira pseudonana upon exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Gene 2007, 396, 293-302.
6. Wilhelm, M.; Ghosh, J.K.; Su, J.; Cockburn, M.; Jerrett, M.; Ritz, B. Traffic-related air toxics and preterm birth: A population-based case-control study in Los Angeles County, California. Environ. Health 2011, 10, 89-89.
7. Straif, K.; Baan, R.; Grosse, Y.; Secretan, B.; El Ghissassi, F.; Cogliano, V. Carcinogenicity of household solid fuel combustion and of high-temperature frying. Lancet Oncol. 2006, 7, 977-978.
8. Yunker, M.B.; Macdonald, R.W.; Vingarzan, R.; Mitchell, R.H.; Goyette, D.; Sylvestre, S.; Mitchelld, D. PAHs in the Fraser River basin: A critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33, 489-515.
9. Zakaria, M.P.; Takada, H.; Tsutsumi, S.; Ohno, K.; Yamada, J.; Kouno, E.; Kumata, H. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rivers and estuaries in Malaysia: A widespread input of petrogenic PAHs. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 1907-1918.
10. Zhang, Y.; Tao, S. Global atmospheric emission inventory of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for 2004. Atmos. Environ. 2009, 43, 812-819.
11. Chang, K.-F.; Fang, G.-C.; Chen, J.-C.; Wu, Y.-S. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Asia: A review from 1999 to 2004. Environ. Pollut. 2006, 142, 388-396.
12. Wang, Y.; Li, P.H.; Li, H.L.; Liu, X.H.; Wang, W.X. PAHs distribution in precipitation at Mount Taishan China. Identification of sources and meteorological influences. Atmos. Res. 2010, 95, 1-7.
13. Liu, F.; Xu, Y.; Liu, J.; Liu, D.; Li, J.; Zhang, G.; Li, X.; Zou, S.; Lai, S. Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to a coastal site of Hong Kong, South China. Atmos. Environ. 2013, 69, 265-272.
14. Tian, F.; Chen, J.; Qiao, X.; Wang, Z.; Yang, P.; Wang, D.; Ge, L. Sources and seasonal variation of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Dalian, China: Factor analysis with non-negative constraints combined with local source fingerprints. Atmos. Environ. 2009, 43, 2747-2753.
15. Wu, Y.; Yang, L.; Zheng, X. Characterization and source apportionment of particulate PAHs in the roadside environment in Beijing. Sci. Total. Environ. 2014, 470, 76-83.
16. Arellano, L.; Fernández, P.; Tatosova, J.; Stuchlik, E.; Grimalt, J.O. Long-range transported atmospheric pollutants in snowpacks accumulated at different altitudes in the Tatra Mountains (Slovakia). Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 9268-9275.
17. Carrera, G.; Fernández, P.; Grimalt, J.O.; Ventura, M.; Camarero, L.; Catalan, J.; Nickus, U.; Thies, H.; Psenner, R. Atmospheric deposition of organochlorine compounds to remote high mountain lakes of Europe. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 2581-2588.
18. Fernández, P.; Carrera, G.; Grimalt, J.O.; Ventura, M.; Camarero, L.; Catalan, J.; Nickus, U.; Thies, H.; Psenner, R. Factors governing the atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to remote areas. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 3261-3267.
19. Sun, M.; Wang, Y.; Wang, T.; Fan, S.; Wang, W.; Li, P.; Guo, J.; Li, Y. Cloud and the corresponding precipitation chemistry in south China: Water-soluble components and pollution transport. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 2010, 115, D22.
20. Techniquesb, A.P. Method 8270c Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Gc/Ms). 1996. Available online: http://mx.gemc.gov.cn/upload/20120201035748.pdf (accessed on 22 October 2015).
21. Ding, X.; Wang, X.-M.; Xie, Z.-Q. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons observed over the North Pacific Ocean and the Arctic area: Partial distribution and source identification. Atmos. Environ. 2007, 41, 2061-2072.
22. 2.5 and cloud/fog water at Mount Taishan (China). Atmos. Environ. 2010, 44, 1996-2003
23. Draxler, R.R.; Hess, G.D. An overview of the HYSPLIT_4 modelling system for trajectories dispersion, and deposition. Aus. Meteorol. Maga. 1998, 47, 295-308.
24. Ding, A.; Wang, T.; Fu, C. Transport characteristics and origins of carbon monoxide and ozone in Hong Kong, South China. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 2013, 118, 9475-9488.
25. Draxler, R.R. Demonstration of a global modeling methodology to determine the relative importance of local and long-distance sources. Atmos. Environ. 2007, 41, 776-789.
26. 2.5. Available online: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA.16.2454C (accessed on 22 October 2015).
27. Ding, A.; Fu, C.; Yang, X.; Sun, J.; Zheng, L.; Xie, Y.; Herrmann, E.; Nie, W.; Petäjä, T.; Kerminen, V.-M. Ozone and fine particle in the western Yangtze River Delta: An overview of 1 year data at the SORPES station. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2013, 13, 5813-5830.
28. Nie, W.; Ding, A.; Wang, T.; Kerminen, V.-M.; George, C.; Xue, L.; Wang, W.; Zhang, Q.; Petäjä, T.; Qi, X. Polluted dust promotes new particle formation and growth. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, doi:10.1038/srep06634.
29. Ding, A.; Wang, T.; Xue, L.; Gao, J.; Stohl, A.; Lei, H.; Jin, D.; Ren, Y.; Wang, X.; Wei, X. Transport of north China air pollution by midlatitude cyclones: Case study of aircraft measurements in summer 2007. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 2009, 114, D8.
30. Stohl, A.; Forster, C.; Eckhardt, S.; Spichtinger, N.; Huntrieser, H.; Heland, J.; Schlager, H.; Wilhelm, S.; Arnold, F.; Cooper. O. A backward modeling study of intercontinental pollution transport using aircraft measurements. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 2003, 108, 4370-4370.
31. Zhang, Q.; Streets, D.G.; Carmichael, G.R.; He, K.; Huo, H.; Kannari, A.; Klimont, Z.; Park, I.; Reddy, S.; Fu, J. Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2009, 9, 5131-5153.
32. Guo, H.; Lee, S.C.; Ho, K.F.; Wang, X.M.; Zou, S.C. Particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air of Hong Kong. Atmos. Environ. 2003, 37, 5307-5317.
33. Yang, H.-H.; Lee, W.-J.; Chen, S.-J.; Lai, S.-O. PAH emission from various industrial stacks. J. Hazard. Mater. 1998, 60, 159-174.
34. Ho, K.F.; Lee, S.C.; Chiu, G.M. Characterization of selected volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds at a roadside monitoring station. Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36, 57-65.
35. Kulkarni, P.; Venkataraman, C. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mumbai, India. Atmos. Environ. 2000, 34, 2785-2790.
36. Park, S.S.; Kim, Y.J.; Kang, C.H. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Seoul, Korea. Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36, 2917-2924.
37. Brown, J.N.; Peake, B.M. Sources of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban stormwater runoff. Sci. Total. Environ. 2006, 359, 145-155.
38. Budzinski, H.; Jones, I.; Bellocq, J.; Pierard, C.; Garrigues, P.H. Evaluation of sediment contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Gironde estuary. Mar. Chem. 1997, 58, 85-97.
39. Dunbar, J.C.; Lin, C.-I.; Vergucht, I.; Wong, J.; Durant, J.L. Estimating the contributions of mobile sources of PAH to urban air using real-time PAH monitoring. Sci. Total. Environ. 2001, 279, 1-19.
40. 2.5 from three Chinese megacities in three different climatic zones. Atmos. Environ. 2006, 40, 3983-3994.
41. Zhang, W.; Zhang, S.; Wan, C.; Yue, D.; Ye, Y.; Wang, X. Source diagnostics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban road runoff, dust, rain and canopy throughfall. Environ. Pollut. 2008, 153, 594-601.
42. Mai, B.; Qi, S.; Zeng, E.Y.; Yang, Q.; Zhang, G.; Fu, J.; Sheng, G.; Peng, P.; Wang, Z. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coastal region of Macao, China: Assessment of input sources and transport pathways using compositional analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 4855-4863.
43. Mai, B.-X.; Fu, J.-M.; Sheng, G.-Y.; Kang, Y.-H.; Lin, Z.; Zhang, G.; Min, Y.-S.; Zeng, E.Y. Chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in riverine and estuarine sediments from Pearl River Delta, China. Environ. Pollut. 2002, 117, 457-474.
44. Soclo, H.H.; Garrigues, P.H.; Ewald, M. Origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal marine sediments: Case studies in Cotonou (Benin) and Aquitaine (France) areas. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2000, 40, 387-396.
45. Ravindra, K.; Sokhi, R.; van Grieken, R. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Source attribution, emission factors and regulation. Atmos. Environ. 2008, 42, 2895-2921.
46. Butler, J.D.; Crossley, P. Reactivity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on soot particles. Atmos. Environ. 1981, 15, 91-94.
47. Kamens, R.M.; Guo, Z.; Fulcher, J.N.; Bell, D.A. The influence of humidity, sunlight, and temperature on the daytime decay of polyaromatic hydrocarbons on atmospheric soot particles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1988, 22, 103-108.
48. Schauer, J.J.; Rogge, W.F.; Hildemann, L.M.; Mazurek, M.A.; Cass, G.R.; Simoneit, B.R. Source apportionment of airborne particulate matter using organic compounds as tracers. Atmos. Environ. 1996, 30, 3837-3855.
49. Gao, J.; Wang, T.; Ding, A.; Liu, C. Observational study of ozone and carbon monoxide at the summit of mount Tai (1534m asl) in central-eastern China. Atmos. Environ. 2005, 39, 4779-4791.