Analysis of the network of protected areas in China based on a geographic perspective: Current status, issues and integration

Sustainability (Switzerland)

Volumn 7, Issue 11, 2015, Pages 15617-15631

  Cao, Mengtian ^a,b   Peng, Li ^a   Liu, Shaoquan ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF MOUNTAIN HAZARDS AND ENVIRONMENT   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES   (China)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Current status; Geographic perspective; Integration; Issues; Protected area

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; DATABASE; ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE; FUTURE PROSPECT; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION; LEGAL SYSTEM; PROTECTED AREA; SUSTAINABILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING; STRATEGIC APPROACH; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;

CHINA;

EID: 84949504259     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20711050     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/su71115617     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Balmford, A.; Green, R.E.; Jenkins, M. Measuring the changing state of nature. Trends Ecol. Evolut. 2003, 18, 326-330.
2. Myers, N.; Knoll, A.H. The biotic crisis and the future of evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98, 5389-5392.
3. Pereira, H.M.; Leadley, P.W.; Proença, V.; Alkemade, R.; Scharlemann, J.P.W.; Manjarrés, J.F.; Araújo, M.B.; Balvanera, P.; Biggs, R.; Cheung, W.W.L.; et al. Scenarios for global biodiversity in the 21st century. Science 2010, 330, 1496-1501.
4. Assessment, M.E. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Wetlands and Water. 2005. Available online: http://millenniumassessment.org/documents/MA_wetlands%26water-Chinese.pdf (accessed on 19 November 2015).
5. Dudley, N. Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories; IUCN: Gland, Switzerland, 2008.
6. James, A.N.; Gaston, K.J.; Balmford, A. Balancing the Earth's accounts. Nature 1999, 401, 323-324.
7. UNEP. 1993 United Nations Lists of National Parks and Protected Areas; IUCN: Gland, Switzerland, 1994.
8. Carrus, G.; Bonaiuto, M.; Bonnes, M. Environmental concern, regional identity, and support for protected areas in Italy. Environ. Behav. 2005, 37, 237-257.
9. Rands, M.R.W.; Adams, W.M.; Bennun, L.; Butchart, S.H.; Clements, A.; Coomes, D.; Entwistle, A.; Ian, H.; Kapos, V.; Scharlemann, J.P.W.; et al. Biodiversity conservation: challenges beyond 2010. Science 2010, 329, 1298-1303.
10. Luan, X.; Xu, J.; Xing, S. Nature Reserve Management Tutorial; China Forestry Publishing: Beijing, China, 2011. (In Chinese).
11. Deguignet, M.; Juffe-Bignoli, D.; Harrison, J.; MacSharry, B.; Burgess, N.D.; Kingston, N. United Nations List of Protected Areas; UNEP-WCMC: Cambridge, UK, 2014.
12. Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (EMP). National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2011-2030); China Environmental Science Press: Beijing, China, 2011. (In Chinese).
13. Ma, J.; Ke, R.; Kun, C. Research and practice on biodiversity in situ conservation in China: progress and prospect. Biodivers. Sci. 2012, 20, 551-558.
14. López-Pujol, J.; Zhang, F. M.; Ge, S. Plant biodiversity in China: Richly varied, endangered, and in need of conservation. Biodivers. Conserv. 2006, 15, 3983-4026.
15. Sang, W.; Ma, K.; Axmacher, J.C. Securing a future for China's wild plant resources. BioScience 2011, 61, 720-725.
16. Joppa, L.N.; Pfaff, A. High and far: biases in the location of protected areas. PLoS ONE 2009, 4, e8273.
17. Rodrigues, A.S.L.; Andelman, S.J.; Bakarr, M.I.; Boitani, L.; Brooks, T.M.; Cowling, R.M.; Fishpool, L.D.C.; Fonseca, G.A.B.; Gaston, K.J.; Hoffmann, M.; et al. Effectiveness of the global protected area network in representing species diversity. Nature 2004, 428, 640-643.
18. Wattage, P.; Mardle, S. Stakeholder preferences towards conservation versus development for a wetland in Sri Lanka. J. Environ. Manag. 2005, 77, 122-132.
19. Blaine, T.W.; Lichtkoppler, F.R.; Jones, K.R.; Zondag, R.H. An assessment of household willingness to pay for curbside recycling: A comparison of payment card and referendum approaches. J. Environ. Manag. 2005, 76, 15-22.
20. Bandara, R.; Tisdell, C. Changing abundance of elephants and willingness to pay fortheir conservation. J. Environ. Manag. 2005, 76, 47-59.
21. The Nature Conservancy; World Wildlife Fund; IUCN. Assessing Protected Area Management Effectiveness: A Quick Guide for Protected Area Practitioners. 2012. Available online: https://www.conservationgateway.org/Documents/pamequickguide.pdf (accessed on 19 November 2015).
22. Wang, G.; Innes, J.L.; Wu, S.W.; Krzyzanowski, J.; Yin, Y.; Dai, S.; Zhang, X.; Liu, S. National park development in China: Conservation or commercialization? AMBIO 2012, 41, 247-261.
23. Wu, R.; Zhang, S.; Yu, D.W.; Zhao, P.; Li, X.; Wang, L.; Yu, Q.; Ma, J.; Chen, A.; Long, Y. Effectiveness of China's nature reserves in representing ecological diversity. Front. Ecol. Environ. 2011, 9, 383-389. (In Chinese).
24. Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (EMP). 2011 National Nature Reserves List; China Environmental Science Press: Beijing, China, 2012. (In Chinese).
25. Yin, R.S.; Yin, G.P. China's primary programs of terrestrial ecosystem restoration: initiation, implementation, and challenges. Environ. Manag. 2010, 45, 429-441.
26. Liu, J.; Li, S.; Ouyang, Z.; Tam, C.; Chen, X. Ecological and socioeconomic effects of China's policies for ecosystem services. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105, 9477-9482.
27. Zhao, G.; Tian, Y.; Tang, Z.; Li, J.; Zeng, H. Distribution of terrestrial national nature reserves in relation to human activities and natural environments in China. Biodivers. Sci. 2013, 21, 658-665. (In Chinese).
28. Quan, J.; Ouyang, Z.; Xu, W.; Miao, H. Comparison and applications of methodologies for management effectiveness assessment of protected areas. Biodivers. Sci. 2010, 18, 90-99.
29. Hockings, M.; Stolton, S.; Leverington, F.; Dudley, N.; Courrau, F. Evaluating Effectiveness: A Framework for assessing management effectiveness of protected areas. In Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series; Valentine, P., Ed.; IUCN: Gland, Switzerland, 2006.
30. Hockings, M.; Stolton, S.; Dudley, N. Management effectiveness: Assessing management of protected areas? J. Environ. Policy Plan. 2004, 6, 157-174.
31. Wiens, J.A. The science and practice of landscape ecology. In Landscape Ecological Analysis; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 1999; pp. 371-383.
32. Fernandes, L.; Day, J.; Lewis, A.; Slegers, S.; Kerrigan, B.; Breen, D.; Cameron, D.; Jago, B.; Hall, J.; Lowe, D.; et al. Establishing Representative No-Take Areas in the Great Barrier Reef:Large Scale Implementation of Theory on Marine Protected Areas. Conserv. Biol. 2005, 19, 1733-1744.
33. Blackman, A.; Pfaff, A.; Robalino, J. Paper park performance: Mexico's natural protected areas in the 1990s. Glob. Environ. Chang. 2015, 31, 50-61.
34. Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (EMP). The State Council on Strengthening Environmental Protection Work. 2001. Available online: http://www.zhb.gov.cn/ztbd/rdzl/hbgzyj/(accessed on 19 November 2015). (In Chinese).
35. Fan, J.; Tao, A.J.; Ren, Q. On the historical background, scientific intentions, goal orientation, and policy framework of major function-oriented zone planning in China. J. Resour. Ecol. 2010, 1, 289-299.
36. Ouyang, Z.; Zheng, H.; Yue, P. Establishment of ecological compensation mechanisms in China: Perspectives and strategies. Acta Ecol. Sin. 2013, 33, 686-692.
37. Liu, J.; Ouyang, Z.; Pimm, S.L.; Raven, P.H.; Wang, X.; Miao, H.; Han, N. Protecting China's biodiversity. Science 2013, 1240-1241.
38. Ministry of Finance of China. Measures for Transfer Payment in National Ecological Function conservation Area in China. 2012. Available online: http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2012-07/25/content_2191786.htm (accessed on 19 November 2015). (In Chinese).
39. Yang, R.; Li, H. Study on the Environmental Deprivation in the Establishment of Chinese Natural Reserve System. China Popul. Resour. Environ. 2006, 16, 23-27.
40. Bai, Y. Restricted and prohibited development area of the legal system of fiscal transfer payment. J. North Univ. China (Soc. Sci. Ed.) 2011, 3, 31-35. (In Chinese).
41. Li, G. Ecological protection red line: Make sure the lifeblood of national ecological security. Qiushi 2014, 2, 44-46. (In Chinese).
42. Wang, J.; Wu, W.; Jiang, H. Set up a system of national environmental red line management system framework. Environ. Prot. 2014, Z1, 26-29. (In Chinese).
43. Fu, B.; Zhao, W.; Chen, L. Progress and Perspective of Geographical-ecological Processes. Acta Geogr. Sin. 2006, 11, 1123-1131.
44. Wünscher, T.; Engel, S.; Wunder, S. Spatial targeting of payments for environmental services: A tool for boosting conservation benefits. Ecol. Econ. 2008, 65, 822-833.