Tourism, Culture and Development: Hopes, Dreams and Realities in East Indonesia

Tourism, Culture and Development: Hopes, Dreams and Realities in East Indonesia

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-278

  Cole, Stroma ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84949202491     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (378)

1. Abram, D. (2000) Guidebooks turn travellers into package tourists, a debate. In Focus 34, 5.
2. Abram, S. (1996) Reactions to tourism: A view from the deep green heart of France. In J. Boissevain (ed.) Coping with Tourists. European Reactions to Mass Tourism (pp. 174-203). Oxford: Berghahn Books.
3. Adams, K. (1984) Come to Tana Toraja “Land of the heavenly kings”. Travel agents as brokers in ethnicity. Annals of Tourism Research 11, 469-485.
4. Adams, K. (1990) Cultural commoditization in Tana Toraja, Indonesia. Cultural Survival Quarterly. 14, (1), 31-33.
5. Adams, K. (1993) Club dead, not Club Med: Staging death in contemporary Tana Toraja (Indonesia). South East Asian Journal of Social Science 21 (2), 62-73.
6. Adams, K. (1995) Making-up the Toraja? The appropriation of tourism, anthropology and museums for politics in Upland Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ethnology 3 (2), 143-153.
7. Adams, K. (1997) Touting touristic ‘primadonnas’: Tourism, ethnicity and national integration in Sulawesi, Indonesia. In M. Picard and R. Wood (eds) Tourism, Ethnicity and the State in Asian and Pacific Societies (pp. 155-180). Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press.
8. ADB (Asian Development Bank) (2002) Indigenous peoples/ethnic minorities and poverty reduction Indonesia, http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Indigenous_Peoples/INO/default.asp (accessed November 2005).
9. Allerton, C. (2001) Authentic housing, authentic culture? Transforming a village into a ‘tourist site’ in Manggarai, Eastern Indonesia. Conference paper, EUROSEAS, SOAS, London University.
10. Anderson, B. (1972) The idea of power in Javanese culture. In C. Holt (ed.) Culture and Politics in Indonesia (pp. 1-69). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
11. Anderson, S. (2000) What’s in a guide book? In Focus 34, 6-7.
12. Antlov, H. (2001) Village governance and local politics in Indonesia. Conference paper EUROSEAS, SOAS, London University.
13. APEC (2003) Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation, www.apec.org./apec/news (accessed 8/10/2005).
14. Appadurai, A. (1986) Introduction: Commodities and the politics of value. In A. Appadurai (ed.) The Social Life of Things. Commodities in Cultural Perspective (pp. 3-63). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
15. Arnstein, S. (1971) Eight rungs in the ladder of citizen participation. In E. Cahn and A. Passett, (eds) Citizen Participation: Effecting Community Change. London:Preager Publishers.
16. Ashley, C., Roe, D. and Goodwin, H. (2001) Pro-poor Tourism Strategies: Making Tourism Work for the Poor. A Review of Experience. London: Overseas Development Institute.
17. Azarya, V. (2004) Globalization and international tourism in developing countries:Marginality as a commercial commodity. Current Sociology 52 (6), 949-967.
18. Barker, T., Putra, Darma and Wiranatha, Agung (2006) Authenticity and commodification of Balinese dance performances. In M. Smith and M. Robinson (eds) Cultural Tourism in a Changing World (pp. 215-224). Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
19. Barnes, R.H. (1972) Ngada. In F. Lebar (ed.) Ethnic Groups in Insular South-East Asia. Vol. 1 Indonesia, Andaman Islands and Madagascar. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files Press.
20. Barnes, R.H. (1974) The Kedang: A Study of Collective Thought of an Eastern Indonesian people. Oxford: Claredon Press.
21. Barnes, Ruth (1989) The Ikat Textiles of Lamalera. A Study of an Indonesian Weaving Tradition. Leiden: Brill.
22. Bauman, Z. (2001) Identity in a globalising world. Social Anthropology 9 (2), pp. 121-131.
23. Belau, D. (2003) Tourism employment in the Asia Pacific region 2003, http://www. ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/techmeet/rtmhct03/asiapacificemp2003. pdf. (accessed November 2005).
24. Benda-Beckmann, F. and Benda-Beckmann, K. (2001) Recreating the nagari:Decentralisationn in West Sumatra. Conference paper EUROSEAS, SOAS, London University.
25. Bhattacharyya, D.P. (1997) Mediating India, an analysis of a guidebook. Annals of Tourism Research 24 (2), 371-389.
26. Bhopal, M. and Hitchcock, M. (2001) The introduction: The cultural context of the ASEAN business crisis. Asia Pacific Business Review 8 (2) 1-18.
27. Blackshall, S., Leffmann, D., Reader, L. and Stedman, H. (1999) The Rough Guide to Indonesia (1st edn pbk). London: Rough Guides.
28. Blackwood, E. (2000) Webs of Power. Women, Kin and Community in a Sumatran Village. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
29. Blanton, D. (1992) Tourism education in developing countries. Practicing Anthropology 14 (2), 5-9.
30. Bleasdale, S. and Tapsell, S. (1999) Social and cultural impacts of tourism policy in Tunisia. In M. Robinson and P. Boniface (eds) Tourism and Cultural Conflicts (pp. 181-204). Oxford: CABI Publishing.
31. Blust, R. (1984) Indonesia as a linguistic field of study. In P.E. De Josselin de Jong (ed.) Unity in Diversity: Indonesia as a Field of Anthropological Study (pp. 20-36). Dordrecht: Foris Publications.
32. Boissevain, J. (1996) Introduction. In J. Boissevain (ed.) Coping with Tourists. European Reactions to Mass Tourism. (pp. 1-26). Oxford: Berghahn Books.
33. Boniface, P. (1999) Tourism and cultures: Consensus in the making? In M. Robinson and P. Boniface (eds) Tourism and Cultural Conflicts (pp. 1-32). Oxford: CABI Publishing.
34. Boorstin, D. (1964) The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-events in America. New York: Harper and Row.
35. Booth, A. (1990) The tourism boom in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 26 (3), 45-73.
36. BPS (Indonesian Government Statistics) (2005) http://www.bps.go.id/index. shtml (accessed 10/10/05).
37. Braden, S. and Mayo, M. (1999) Culture, community development and representation. Community Development Journal 34 (3), 191-204.
38. Bradt, H. (1995) Better to travel cheaply? Independent on Sunday Magazine 12 February, pp. 49-50.
39. Bras, K. (2000) Image Building and Guiding on Lombok: The Social Construction of a Tourist Destination. Amsterdam: Cocktail Communications.
40. Bras, K. and Dahles, H. (1999) Pathfinder, gigolo, and friend: Diverging entrepreneurial strategies of tourist guides on two Indonesian islands. In H. Dahles and K. Bras (eds) Tourism and Small Entrepreneurs (pp. 128-145). New York:Cognizant Communication Corporation.
41. Britton, S. (1982) The political economy of tourism in the third world. Annals of Tourism Research 9, 331-358.
42. Brohman, J. (1996) New directions in tourism for third world development. Annals of Tourism Research 23 (1), 48-70.
43. Bruce, D. (1998) Tourism, history and local pride. In J. Swarbrooke (ed.) Heritage, Culture and Community: Four International Case Studies (pp. 3-20). Tilburg University: ATLAS.
44. Bryson, J. and Crosby, B. (1992) Leadership for the Common Good: Tackling Public Problems in a Shared World. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
45. Burns, P. (1999) An Introduction to Tourism and Anthropology. London: Routledge.
46. Burns, P. and Holden, A. (1995) Tourism a New Perspective. London: Prentice Hall.
47. Butcher, J. (2001) Cultural baggage and cultural tourism. in J. Butcher (ed.) Innovations in Cultural Tourism. Proceedings to 5th ATLAS International conference. Tilburg: ATLAS.
48. Butler, R.W. (1980) The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources. Canadian Geographer 24 (1), 5-12.
49. Carsten, J. and Hugh-Jones, S. (1995) Introduction. In J. Carsten and S. Hugh-Jones (eds) About the House, Lévi-Strauss and Beyond (pp. 1-46). Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
50. Caslake, J. (1993) Tourism, culture and the Iban. In V. King (ed.) Tourism in Borneo. Borneo Research Council proceedings. Papers from the biennial international conference. Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, July (1992).
51. Causey, A. (1998) Ulos or Saham? Presentations of Toba Batak culture in tourism promotions. Indonesia and the Malay World 26 (75), 97-103.
52. Causey, A. (2003) Hard Bargaining in Sumatra. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
53. Chambers, E. (1997) Tourism and Culture. An Applied Perspective. Albany: State University of New York Press.
54. Cochrane, J. (2005) The backpacker plus: Overlooked and underrated. Conference paper ATLAS SIG Meeting - Backpackers Research Group 2005: The global nomad - an expert meeting on backpacker tourism. Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, 1-3 September 2005.
55. Cohen, E. (1974) Who is a tourist? A conceptual classification. Sociological Review 22, 527-555.
56. Cohen, E. (1979) Rethinking the sociology of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research VI (1), 18-35.
57. Cohen E. (1985) The tourist guide, the origins, structure and dynamics of a role. Annals of Tourism Research 12, 5-29.
58. Cohen, E. (1988) Authenticity and commoditization in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 15 (3), 371-386.
59. Cohen, E. (1989) Primitive and remote. Hill tribe trekking in Thailand. Annals of Tourism Research 16 (1), 30-61.
60. Cohen E. (2001) Ethnic tourism in Southeast Asia. In Tan Chee-Beng, C.H. Sidney, Yang Hui Cheung (eds) Tourism, Anthropology and China (pp. 27-53). Singapore:White Lotus Press.
61. Cohen, E., Niv, Y. and Almagor, U. (1992) Stranger-local interaction in photography. Annals of Tourism Research 19 (2), 212-233.
62. Cole, S. (1997a) Anthropologists, local communities and sustainable tourism development. In M. Stabler (ed.) Tourism and Sustainability (pp. 219-230). Oxford:CABI Publishing.
63. Cole, S. (1997b) Cultural heritage tourism: The villagers’ perspective. A case study from Ngada, Flores. In W. Nuryanti (ed.) Tourism and Heritage Management (pp. 468-481). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
64. Cole, S. (1998) Tradition and tourism: Dilemmas in sustainable tourism development:A case study from the Ngada region of Flores, Indonesia. Anthropologi Indonesia 56, 37-46.
65. Cole, S. (1999) Education for participation: The villagers’ perspective. Case Study from Ngada, Flores, Indonesia. In K. Bras, H. Dahles, M. Gunawan and G. Richards (eds) Entrepreneurship and Education in Tourism (pp. 173-184). ATLAS Asia conference proceedings, Bandung, Indonesia.
66. Cole, S. (2003) Appropriated meanings: Megaliths and tourism in Eastern Indonesia. Indonesia and the Malay World 31 (89), 140-150.
67. Cole, S. (2004a) Beyond authenticity and commodification. Conference proceedings, Tourism: State of the Art II University of Strathclyde, Glasgow 27-30 June 2004.
68. Cole, S. (2004b) Shared benefits: Longitudinal research in eastern Indonesia. In J. Phillimore and L. Goodson (eds) Qualitative Research in Tourism: Ontologies, Epistemologies and Methodologies (pp. 292-310). London: Routledge.
69. Cole, S. (2005) Community tourism education: Case study from Ngadha, Flores, Indonesia. In D. Airey and J. Tribe (eds) An International Handbook of Tourism Education (pp. 395-410). Oxford: Elsevier.
70. Cole, S. (2006) Cultural tourism, community participation and empowerment. In M. Smith and M. Robinson (eds) Cultural Tourism in a Changing World (pp. 89-103). Cleveland: Channel View Publications.
71. Cole, S. (2007) Implementing and evaluating a code of conduct for visitors. Tourism Management 28 (2), 443-451.
72. Connell, D. (1997) Participatory Development: An approach sensitive to class and gender. Development in Practice 7 (3), 249-259.
73. Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Gilbert, D. and Wanhill, S. (1993) Tourism Principles and Practice. Harlow: Longman.
74. Corner, L. (1989) East and West Nusa Tenggara: Isolation and poverty. In H. Hill (ed.) Unity and Diversity: Regional Economic Diversity in Indonesia since 1970. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
75. Crehan, K. (1997) The Fractured Community. Landscape of Power and Gender in Rural Zambia. Berkeley: University of California Press.
76. Crick, M. (1989) Representations of international tourism in the social sciences:Sun, sex, sights, savings, and servility. Annual Review of Anthropology 18, 307-344.
77. Crick, M. (1992) Life in the informal sector: Street guides in Kandy, Sri Lanka. In D. Harrison (ed.) Tourism and the Less Developed Countries (pp. 135-147). New York: John Wiley and Sons.
78. Crick, M. (1994) Resplendent Sites, Discordant Voices. Reading: Harwood Academic.
79. Crouch, H. (1979) The trend to authoritarianism: The post-1945 period. In H. Aveling (ed.) The Development of Indonesian Society (pp. 166-204). St Lucia:University of Queensland Press.
80. Crystal, E. (1978) Tourism in Toraja (Sulawesi Indonesia). In V. Smith (ed.) Hosts and Guests. The Anthropology of Tourism (pp. 109-126). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
81. Cushman, G. (1999) Independent enrepreneurship: The case of Gili Air, Lombok, Indonesia. In K. Bras, H. Dahles, M. Gunawan and R. Greg (eds) Entrepreneurship and Education in Tourism (pp. 173-184). Proceeding ATLAS Asia Inauguration Conference.
82. Daeng, H. (1988) Ritual feasting and resource competition in Flores. In M. Dove (ed.) The Real and Imagined Role of Culture in Development (pp. 254-267). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
83. Dahles, H. (1999) Tourism and small entrepreneurs in developing countries: A theoretical perspective. In H. Dahles and K. Bras Tourism and Small Entrepreneurs:Development, National Policy, and Entrepreneurial Culture: Indonesian Cases. (pp. 1-19). New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation.
84. Dahles, H. (2002) The politics of tour guiding, image management in Indonesia. Annals of Tourism Research 29, (3), 783-800.
85. Dahles, H. and Bras, K. (1999) Entrepreneurs in romance, tourism in Indonesia. Annals of Tourism Research 26 (2), 267-293.
86. Dahles, H. and van Meijl, T. (2000) Local perspectives on global tourism in Southeast Asia and the Pacific region: Introduction. Pacific Tourism Review 4, 53-62.
87. Dalton, B. (1995) Indonesia Handbook (6th edn). Chico, CA: Moon Publications.
88. D’amore, L. (1983) Guidelines to planning in harmony with the host community. In P. Murphy (ed.) Tourism in Canada: Selected Issues and Options (pp. 135-159). Victoria, BC: University of Victoria.
89. Daniel, Y. (1996) Tourism dance performances: Authenticity and creativity. Annals of Tourism Research 23 (4), 780-797.
90. Dann, G. (1981) Tourist motivation: An appraisal. Annals of Tourism Research 9 (2), 187-219.
91. Dann, G. (1996a) The Language of Tourism: A Sociological Perspective. Oxford: CABI Publishing.
92. Dann, G. (1996b) The people of tourist brochures. In T. Selwyn (ed.) The Tourist Image: Myths and Myth Making in Tourism (pp. 61-82). Chichester: Wiley.
93. Dearden, P. and Harron, S. (1992) Case study: Tourism and the hill tribes of Thailand. In B. Weiler and C.M. Hall (eds) Special Interest Tourism (pp. 95-104). London: Belhaven Press.
94. De Burlo, C. (1996) Cultural resistance and ethnic tourism on South Pentacost, Vaanuatu. In R. Butler and T. Hinch (eds) Tourism and Indigenous Peoples (pp. 255-275). London: International Thomson Business Press.
95. de Kadt, E. (1979) Tourism: Passport to Development? Oxford: Oxford University Press.
96. Dinas Parawisata Prop. Dati1 NTT (1998) Buku Informasi: Pengembangan dan peluang investasi usaha kawasan parawisat unggulan Nusa Tengara Timur. Kupang: Dinas parawisata.
97. Dougoud, R. (2000) Souvenirs from Kambot (PNG): The sacred search for authenticity. In M. Hitchcock and K. Teague (eds) Souvenirs: The Material Culture of Tourism (pp. 223-237). Aldershot: Ashgate.
98. Dove, M. (1988) Introduction: Traditional culture and development in contemporary Indonesia. In M. Dove (ed.) The Real and Imagined Role of Culture in Development. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
99. Draine, C. and Hall, B. (1991) Culture Shock: Indonesia. London: Kuperard.
100. Economic Intelligence Unit Limited (2005) Indonesia industry: Tourism takes another hit.
101. Echols, J. and Shadily, H. (1989) Kamus Indonesia Inggris (3rd edn). Jakarta:Gramedia.
102. Erb, M. (1998) Tourism space in Manggarai, Western Flores, Indonesia: The house as a contested Place. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 19 (2), 177-192.
103. Erb, M. (2000) Understanding tourists, interpretations from Indonesia. Annals of Tourism Research 27 (3), 709-736.
104. Erb, M. (2001a) Conceptualising culture in a global age: Playing Caci in Manggarai. Seminar paper South East Asian Studies programme, National University of Singapore.
105. Erb, M. (2001b) Uniting the bodies and cleansing the village: Conflicts over heritage in a globalising world. Conference paper, EUROSEAS, SOAS, London University.
106. Fallon, F. (2001) Land conflicts and tourism in Lombok. Current Issues in Tourism 4 (6), 481-501.
107. Featherstone, M. (1990) Introduction. In M. Featherstone (ed.) Global Culture:Nationalism, Globalisation and Modernity: Theory, Culture and Society. London:Sage.
108. Fennell, D. (1999) Ecotourism: An Introduction. London: Routledge.
109. Flores Paradise (2005) Mengola isu sensitif parawisata. Flores Paradise Tourism News November p. 5.
110. Forshee, J. (1998) Sumba Asli: Fashioning culture along expanding exchange circles. Indonesia and the Malay World 26 (75), 106-121.
111. Forshee, J. (2001) Between the Folds: Stories of Cloth, Lives and Travel from Sumba. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
112. Forth, G. (1981) Rindi: An Ethnographic Study of a Traditional Domain in Eastern Sumba. The Hague: Nijhoff.
113. Forth G. (1996) To chat in pairs. Canberra Anthropology 19 (1), 31-51.
114. Forth, G. (1998) Beneath the Volcano: Religion, Cosmology and Spirit Classification among the Nage of Eastern Indonesia. Leiden: KITLV Press.
115. Foster, G., Scudder, T., Colson, E. and Kemper, R. (1979) Conclusion: The longterm study in perspective. In G. Foster, T. Scudder, E. Colson, and R. Kemper (eds) Long-term Field Research in Social Anthropology. London: Academic Press.
116. Fox, J. (1977) Harvest of the Palm. Ecological Change in Eastern Indonesia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
117. Fox, J. (ed.) (1980) The Flow of Life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
118. Fox, J. (1998) Foreword: The linguistic context of Florenese culture. Anthropologi Indonesia 56 (xxii), Mei-Juli, 1-12.
119. France, L. (1998) Local participation in tourism in the West Indian Islands. In E. Laws, B. Faulkner, and G. Moscardo (eds) Embracing and Managing Change in Tourism: International Case Studies (pp. 222-234). London: Routledge.
120. Furnham, A. (1984) Tourism and culture shock. Annals of Tourism Research 11, 41-57.
121. Gede Raka (2000) Entrepreneurship for tourism: Issues for Indonesia. In K. Bras, H. Dahles, M. Gunawan, and G. Richards (eds) Entrepreneurship and Education in Tourism (pp. 29-36). Proceedings ATLAS Asia Inauguration Conference. Bandung: ITB.
122. Geertz, C. (1960) The Religion of Java. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
123. Gibson, T. (1995) Having your house and eating it: Houses and siblings in Ara, South Sulawesi. In J. Carsten and S. Hugh-Jones (eds) About the House, Lévi-Strauss and Beyond (pp. 129-148). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
124. Giddens, A. (1991) Modernity and Self Identity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
125. Go, F. (1997) Entrepreneurs and the tourism industry in developing countries. In H. Dahles (ed.) Tourism, Small Entrepreneurs and Sustainable Development (pp. 5-22). Tilburg: ATLAS.
126. Goffman, E. (1961) Encounters: Two Studies in the Sociology of Interaction. New York:Macmillan.
127. Goffman, E. (1974) Interaction Ritual. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
128. Goodwin, H. (1995) Training for local participation. In Focus 16, 6.
129. Goodwin, H. (1999) Backpackers good, package tourists bad? In Focus 31 (Spring), 12-13.
130. Goodwin, H. et al. (1997) Tourism, Conservation and Sustainable Development (Vol. III). Komodo National Park: Indonesia DFID.
131. Graburn, N. (1978) Tourism: The sacred journey. In V. Smith (ed.) Host and Guests. The Anthropology of Tourism (pp. 17-32). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
132. Graburn N. (1984) The evolution of tourist arts. Annals of Tourism Research 11, 393-419.
133. Graburn, N. (1987) Tourism: The sacred journey. In V. Smith (ed.) Host and Guests. The Anthropology of Tourism (pp. 21-36). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
134. Graburn, N. (2000) Foreword. In M. Hitchcock and K. Teague (eds) Souvenirs: The Material Culture of Tourism (pp. xii-xvii). Aldershot: Ashgate.
135. Graburn, N. and Moore, R. (1994) Anthropological research on tourism. In B. Ritchie and C. Goeldner (eds) Travel Tourism and Hospitality Research: A Handbook for Managers and Researchers. New York: John Wiley and Son.
136. Greenwood, D. (1972) Tourism as an agent of change: A Spanish Basque case. Ethnology 11 (1), 80-91.
137. Greenwood, D. (1978) Culture by the pound: An anthropological perspective on tourism as cultural commoditization. In V. Smith (ed.) Host and Guests. The Anthropology of Tourism (pp. 129-138). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
138. Greenwood, D. (1989) Culture by the pound: An anthropological perspective on tourism as cultural commoditization. In V. Smith (ed.) Host and Guests. The Anthropology of Tourism (2nd edn) (pp. 171-185). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
139. Grimes, C., Therik, T., Grimes, B. and Jacob, M. (1997) A Guide to the People and Languages of Nusa Tenggara. Kupang: Artha Wacana Press.
140. Gunawan, M. (1997) National planning for Indonesia’s tourism. Pacific Tourism Review 1, 47-56.
141. Gunawan, M. (1999) Indonesian tourism: Development policies and the challenge for research and education. In K. Pookong and B. King (eds) Asia-Pacific Tourism: Regional Co-operation, Planning and Development (pp. 147-164). Victoria:Hospitality Press Ltd.
142. Gunn, C. (1994) Tourism Planning: Basics, Concepts, Cases. New York: Taylor and Francis.
143. Gurung, G., Simmons, D. and Devlin, P. (1996) The evolving role of tourist guides:The Nepali experience. In R. Butler and T. Hinch (eds) Tourism and Indigenous Peoples (pp. 107-128). London: International Thomson Business Press.
144. Hall, M. (1997) Tourism in the Pacific Rim: Developments, Impacts and Markets (2nd edn). Melbourne: Addison Wesley/Longman.
145. Hall, M. (2000) Tourism in Indonesia: The end of the New Order. In M. Hall and S. Page (eds) Tourism in South and Southeast Asia: Issues and Cases (pp. 157-166). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
146. Hall, M. and Page, S. (eds) (2006) Tourism in South and Southeast Asia: Issues and Cases. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
147. Hampton, M. (1997) Unpacking the rucksack: A new analysis of backpacker tourism in South East Asia. In W. Nuryanti (ed.) Tourism and Heritage Management (pp. 365-380). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
148. Hampton, M. (1998) Backpacker tourism and economic development. Annals of Tourism Research 25 (3), 639-660.
149. Hannerz, U. (1990) Cosmopolitans and locals in world culture. In M. Featherstone (ed.) Global Culture (pp.237-521). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
150. Hannerz, U. (1996) Transitional Connections. London: Routledge.
151. Harrison, D. (1992) International tourism and the less developed countries: The background. In D. Harrison (ed.) Tourism and the Less Developed Countries. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
152. Harrison, D. (1996) Sustainability and tourism: Reflections from a muddy pool. In L. Briguglio, B. Archer, J. Jafari and G. Wall (eds) Sustainable Tourism in Small Island States: Issues and Policies (pp. 69-89). London: Pinter.
153. Harrison, D. (2001) Introduction. In D. Harrison (ed.) Tourism in the Less Developed World: Issues and Cases (pp. 1-22). Oxford: CABI Publishing.
154. Harrison, D. and Price, H. (1996) Fragile environments, fragile communities? In H. Price (ed.) People and Tourism in Fragile Environments. Chichester: Wiley.
155. Harron, S. and Weiler, B. (1992) Review. Ethnic tourism. In B. Weiler and C.M. Hall (eds) Special Interest Tourism (pp. 83-95). London: Belhaven.
156. Hashimoto, A. (2002) Tourism and socio-cultural development issues. In R. Sharpely and D. Tefler (eds) Tourism and Development: Concepts and Issues (pp. 202-230). Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
157. Hastrup, K. and Olwig, K. (1997) Introduction. In K. Olwig and K. Hastrup (eds) Siting Culture (pp. 1-14). London: Routledge.
158. Henderson, J. (1999) Asian Tourism and the financial crisis: Indonesia and Thailand Compared. Current Issues in Tourism 2 (4), 294-303.
159. Hicks, D. (1976) Tetum Ghosts and Kin. Fieldwork in an Indonesia Community, Tetum, East Timor. Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield.
160. Hicks, D. (1990) Kinship and Religion in Eastern Indonesia. Gothenburg: ACTA Universitis Gothoburgensis.
161. Hinch, T. and Butler, R. (1996) Indigenous tourism: A common ground for discussion. In R. Butler and T. Hinch (eds) Tourism and Indigenous Peoples (pp. 3-21). London: International Thomson Business Press.
162. Hitchcock, M. (1985) Indonesian Textile Techniques. Aylesbury: Shire Publications.
163. Hitchcock, M. (1991) Indonesian Textiles. London: British Museum Press.
164. Hitchcock, M. (1993) Dragon tourism in Komodo eastern Indonesia. In M. Hitchcock, V. King and M. Parnwell (eds) Tourism in South East Asia (pp. 303-315). London: Routledge.
165. Hitchcock, M. (1996) Islam and Identity in Eastern Indonesia. Hull: University of Hull Press.
166. Hitchcock, M. (2000) Introduction. In M. Hitchcock and K. Teague (eds) Souvenirs:The Material Culture of Tourism (pp. 1-17). Aldershot: Ashgate.
167. Hitchcock, M. (2001) Tourism and total crisis in Indonesia: The case of Bali. Asia Pacific Business Review 8 (2), 101-120.
168. Hitchcock, M. and Kerlogue, F. (2000) Tourism, development and batik in Jambi. Indonesia and the Malay World 28 (82), 221-242.
169. Hitchcock, M. and King, V. (1997) Introduction: Malay-Indonesian identities. In M. Hitchcock and V. King (eds) Images of Malay-Indonesian Identity (pp. 197-221). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
170. Hitchcock, M., King, V. and Parnwell, M. (1993) Tourism in South East Asia:Introduction. In M. Hitchcock, V. King and M. Parnwell (eds) Tourism in South East Asia (pp. 1-31). London: Routledge.
171. Hitchcock, M. Stanley, N. and Sui King Chung (1997) The south-east Asian ‘living museum’ and its antecedents. In S, Abram, J. Waldren and D. Macleod Tourists and Tourism - Identifying with People and Places (pp. 1-17). Oxford: Berg.
172. Holden, A. (2005) Tourism Studies and the Social Sciences. Abingdon: Routledge.
173. Hoskins, J. (1986) So my name shall live: Stone dragging and grave building in Kodi, West Sumba. Bijdragen Tot de Taal Land-en-Volkenkunde 142 (1), 31-51.
174. Hoskins, J. (1987) Entering the bitter house: Spirit worship and conversion in West Sumba. In R. Kipp and S. Rodgers (eds) Indonesian Religions in Transition (pp. 136-160). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
175. Howell, S. (1995a) Whose knowledge and whose power? A new perspective on cultural diffusion. In R. Fardon (ed.) Counter Works: Managing the Diversity of Knowledge. London: Routledge.
176. Howell, S. (1995b) The Lio house. In J. Carsten and S. Hugh-Jones (eds) About the House. Lévi Strauss and Beyond (pp. 149-69). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
177. Howell, S. (1996) For the Sake of Our Future: Sacrificing in Eastern Indonesia. Leiden:Research School Centre for Non-Western Studies.
178. Hudiyanto, O. (2005) The Balinese people-forgotten again, www.asiafoodworker. net/indonesia (accessed 10/11/05).
179. Hughes, G. (1995) The cultural constraints of sustainable tourism. Tourism Management 16, 49-60.
180. Hughes, H. (1996) Redefining cultural tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 23 (3), 707-709.
181. Hughes-Freeland, F. (1993) Packaging dreams: Javanese perceptions of tourism and performance. In M. Hitchcock et al. (eds) Tourism in South East Asia (pp. 138-154). London: Routledge.
182. Human Development Report (2001) http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/ 2001/en/.
183. Hunter, W. (2001) Trust between culture: The tourist. Current Issues in Tourism 4 (1), 42-67.
184. Hutajulu, R. (1997) Parawisata Etnik: Dampak parawisata terhadap upacara traditional pada masyarakat batak Toba. Jurnal Seni Pertunjukan VIII, 13-32.
185. Huxley, L. (2004) Western backpackers and the global experience: An exploration of young peoples interactions with local cultures. Tourism, Culture and Communication 5, 37-44.
186. Iso-Ahola, S. (1982) Towards a psychological theory of tourism motivation. A rejoinder. Annals of Tourism Research 9 (2), 256-262.
187. Jafari, J. (1989) Soft tourism. Tourism Management 9 (1), 32-84.
188. Johnston, B. (1992) Anthropology’s role in stimulating responsible tourism. Practicing anthropology 14 (2), 35-38.
189. Joop Ave (n.d.) Indonesia Tourism Gearing Up for the Nineties. Jakarta: Directorate General of Tourism.
190. Joppe, M. (1996) Sustainable community tourism development revisited. Tourism Management 17 (7), 475-479.
191. Just, P. (2001) Dou Donggo Justice. Conflict and Morality in an Indonesian Society. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc.
192. Kabupaten Ngada (1998) Ngada dalam angka 1998. Bajawa: BPS.
193. Kadir Din (1997) Indigenization of tourism development: Some constraints and possibilities. In M. Oppermann (ed.) Pacific Rim Tourism (pp. 77-81). Oxford:CAB International.
194. King, V. (1993) Tourism and culture in Malaysia. In M. Hitchcock, V. King and M. Parnwell (eds) Tourism in South East Asia (pp. 97-106). London: Routledge.
195. King, V. (1999) Anthropology and Development in South East Asia. Theory and Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
196. King, V. and Wilder, W. (2003) The Modern Anthropology of South East Asia: An Introduction. London: Routledge-Curzon.
197. Koentjaraningrat (1971) Manusia dan kebudayaan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Penerbit Djambatan.
198. Kottak, C.P. (1999) Assault on Paradise: Social Change in a Brazilian Village (3rd edn). Boston: McGraw Hill College.
199. Kripendorf, J. (1987) The Holiday Makers. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
200. Kuntjoro-Jakti, D. (1997) The role of the private sector in cultural tourism: An Indonesian perspective. In Weindu Nuryanti (ed.) Tourism and Culture: Global Civilisation in Change (pp. 175-179). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
201. LaMoshi, G. (2003) Tourism ailing, Jakarta toughens terrorism stance. Asian Times 17 April.
202. Lathief, H. (1997) Toraja yang sedang bergeser. Jurnal Masyrakat Seni Pertunjuk Indonesia VIII, 59-71.
203. Lea, J. (1988) Tourism and Development and the Third World. London: Routledge.
204. Leiper, N. and Hing Nerilee (1998) Trends in Asia Pacific tourism in 1997-98 from optimism to uncertainty. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality management 10 (7), 245-251.
205. Lett, J. (1983) Ludic and liminoid aspects of charter tourism in the Caribbean. Annals of Tourism Research 10, 35-56.
206. Lévi-Strauss, C. (1983) The Way of Masks. London: Jonathan Cape.
207. Lewis, E.D. (1988) People of the Source: The Social and Ceremonial Order of Tana Wai Brama on Flores. Dordrecht: Foris.
208. Li, T.M. (2000) Articulating indigenous identity in Indonesia: Resource politics and the tribal slot. Comparative Studies in Society and History 42, 149-179.
209. Li, Y. and Butler, R. (1997) Sustainable tourism and cultural attractions: A comparative experience. In M. Oppermann (ed.) Pacific Rim Tourism (pp. 107-116). Oxford: CAB International.
210. Lickorish, L. (1991) Introduction to Tourism. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
211. LOC (Library of Congress) (2005) http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/idtoc.html (accessed 20/10/05).
212. Long, V. and Kindon, S. (1997) Gender and tourism development in Balinese villages. In M. Thea Sinclair (ed.) Gender Work and Tourism (pp. 91-119). London:Routledge.
213. Lutz, N. (1998) Bilingualism and linguistic politics in Andora, East Flores. Anthropologi Indonesia 56 (XXII), 86-94.
214. MacCannell, D. (1976) The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. New York:Schocken.
215. MacCannell, D. (1984) Reconstructed ethnicity: Tourism and cultural identity in third world communities. Annals of Tourism Research 11, 375-391.
216. MacDonald, S. (1997) A people’s story: Heritage, identity and authenticity. In C. Rojek and J. Urry (eds) Touring Cultures: Transformations of Travel and Theory (pp. 155-175). London: Routledge.
217. McGregor, A. (2000) Dynamic texts and tourist gaze: Death, bones and buffalo. Annals of Tourism Research 27 (1), 27-50.
218. MacIntosh, R. and Goeldner, C. (1990) Tourism Principles, Practices and Philosophies (6th edn). New York: John Wiley and Sons.
219. McKean, P. (1978) Towards a theoretical analysis of tourism: Economic dualism and cultural involution in Bali. In V. Smith (ed.) Hosts and Guests (pp. 93-108). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
220. MacLeod, D. (1999) Tourism and the globalisation of a Canary Island. Journal of the Royal Anthropology Institute 5 (3), 443-457.
221. MacLeod, D. (2004) Tourism, Globalisation and Cultural Change - An Island community perspective. Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
222. Madeley, J. (1999) Big Business, Poor Peoples. London: Zed Books.
223. Mancini, M. (1990) Conducting Tours: A Practical Guide. Cincinnati: South Western Publishing Co.
224. Mansperger, M. (1992) Yap: A case of benevolent tourism. Practicing anthropology 14 (2), 10-14.
225. Matheson, A. and Wall, G. (1982) Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts. Harlow: Longman.
226. Maurer, J.L. (1997) A New Order sketchpad of Indonesian history. In M. Hitchcock and V. King (eds) Images of Malay-Indonesian Identity (pp. 209-226). Oxford:Oxford University Press.
227. Meethan, K. (2001) Place, Culture, Consumption. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
228. Michaud, C. (2002) External resource flows to the health sector in Indonesia, http://www.who.int/macrohealth/documents/michaud_annexb.pdf (accessed 10/10/05).
229. Mochtar Naim (1985) Implications of merantau for social organisation in Minangkabau. In L. Thomas and F. Benda-Beckmann (eds). Change and Continuity in Minanagkabau: Local Regional and Historical Perspectives on West Sumatra (pp. 111-117). Athens: Ohio University Press.
230. Molnar, A. (1998) Considerations of consequences of rapid agricultural modernisation among two Ngadha communities. Anthropologi Indonesia 56 (2), 47-59.
231. Molnar, A. (2000) Grandchildren of the Ga’e Ancestors. Social Organisation and Cosmology among the Hoga Sara of Flores. Leiden: KITLV Press.
232. Moscardo, G. and Pearce, P. (1999) Understanding ethnic tourists. Annals of Tourism Research 26 (2), 416-434.
233. Mowforth, M. and Munt, I. (1998) Tourism and Sustainability: New Tourism in the Third World. London and New York: Routledge.
234. Muller, K. (1991) East of Bali from Lombok to Timor. Berkeley, CA: Periplus Editions.
235. Murphy, P. (1985) Tourism: A Community Approach. London and New York:Routledge.
236. Nash, D. (1978) Tourism as a form of imperialism. In V. Smith (ed.) Hosts and Guests:The Anthropology of Tourism (pp. 33-48). Oxford: Blackwell.
237. Nash, D. (1989) Tourism as a form of imperialism. In V. Smith, (ed.) Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (2nd edn) (pp. 37-52). Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press.
238. Nash, D. (1996) Anthropology of Tourism. London: Pergamon.
239. Needham, R. (1972) Belief, Language and Experience. Oxford: Blackwell.
240. Needham, R. (1984) The transformation of prescriptive systems in Eastern Indonesia. In P.E. Josselin de Jong (ed.) Unity in Diversity: Indonesia as a Field of Antropological Study (pp. 221-233). Dordrecht: Foris Publications.
241. Ness, S. (2002) Where Asia Smiles - An Ethnography of Philippine Tourism. Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press.
242. Ngada dalam angka (1996) Bajawa: Kantor Statistik.
243. Olsen, K. (2002) Authenticity as a concept in tourism research. Tourism Studies 2 (2), 159-182.
244. Oppermann, M. (1993) Tourism space in developing countries. Annals of Tourism Research 20 (4), 535-536.
245. Oppermann, M. and Chon, K.S. (1997) Tourism in Developing Countries. London:International Thomson Business Press.
246. O’Riordan, T. and Church, C. (2001) Synthesis and context. In T. O’Riordan (ed.) Globalism, Localism and Identity (pp. 3-24). London: Earthscan.
247. Osbourne, S. (2004) Indonesia begins charging for Visas UPI, www.kabar-irian. com/pipermail/kabar-indonesia/2004-February/000668.html (accessed November 2005).
248. Parnwell, M. (1993) Tourism and rural crafts in Thailand. In M. Hitchcock, V. King, and M. Parnwell (eds) Tourism in South East Asia (pp. 234-257). London:Routledge.
249. Parnwell, M. and Arghiros, D. (1996) Introduction: Uneven development in Thailand. In M. Parnwell and D. Arghiros (eds) Uneven Development in Thailand (pp. 1-27). Aldershot: Ashgate.
250. Pearce, D. (1989) Tourism Development. Harlow: Longman.
251. Pearce, P. (1994) Tourism-resident impacts: Examples, explanations and emerging solutions. In W. Theobald (ed.) Global Tourism (pp. 103-123). Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann.
252. Pearce, P. (1995) From culture shock and cultural arrogance to cultural exchange:Ideas towards sustainable socio-cultural tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 3 (3), 143-154.
253. Pearce, P., Edwards, K. and Lussa, S. (1998) Facilitating tourist-host social interaction. An overview and assessment of the cultural assimilator. In E. Laws, B. Faulkner and G. Moscardo (eds) Embracing and Managing Change in Tourism (pp. 347-364). London: Routledge.
254. Perry, W. (1918) The Megalithic Culture of Indonesia. London: Longman, Green and Co.
255. Picard, M. (1990) Cultural tourism in Bali: Cultural performances as tourist attractions. Indonesia 49, 37-74.
256. Picard, M. (1993) Cultural tourism in Bali: National integration and regional differentiation. In M. Hitchcock, V. King and M. Parnwell (eds) Tourism in Southeast Asia (pp. 71-98). London: Routledge.
257. Picard, M. (1996) Bali: Cultural Tourism and Touristic Culture. Singapore: Archipelago Press.
258. Picard, M. (1997) Cultural tourism, nation-building, and regional culture: The making of a Balinese identity. In M. Picard and R. Wood (eds) Tourism Ethnicity and the State in Asian and Pacific Societies (pp. 181-214). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
259. Pond, K. (1993) The Professional Guide: Dynamics of Tour Guiding. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
260. Pretty, J. (1995) The many interpretations of participation. In Focus 16, 4-5.
261. Prideaux, B., Laws, E. and Faulkner, B. (2003) Events in Indonesia: Exploring the limits of formal tourism management trends forecasting methods in complex crisis situations. Tourism Management 24, 475-487.
262. Prior, J. (1988) Church and Marriage in an Indonesian Village. Frankfurt am Main:Verlag Peter Lang.
263. Pursall, R. (2005) From backpacker to flashpacker. Conference paper ATLAS SIG Meeting - Backpackers Research Group 2005: The global nomad - an expert meeting on backpacker tourism. Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, 1-3 September.
264. Rahyu Supanggah (1994) Seni Flores yang Menggeliat. Suara Merdeka 10th December.
265. RARE Centre for Tropical Conservation (2003) Linking Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Tourism in World Heritage Sites. Site assessment report. Komodo National Park, Indonesia.
266. Redfield. R. (1960) The Little Community and Peasant Society and Culture. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
267. Reisinger, Y. and Turner, L. (1997) Cross-cultural differences in tourism: Indonesian tourists in Australia. Tourism Management 18 (3), 139-147.
268. Reisinger, Y. and Turner, L. (2003) Cross-cultural Behaviour in Tourism: Concepts and Analysis. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
269. Richards, G. (1996) Cultural Tourism in Europe. Tilburg: Atlas.
270. Ricklefs, M. (1993) A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1300 (2nd edn). London:Macmillan.
271. Richter, L. (1993) Tourism policy-making in South East Asia. In M. Hitchcock, V. King and M. Parnwell (eds) Tourism in South East Asia (pp. 179-199). London. Routledge.
272. Robertson, R. (1992) Globalisation: Social Theory and Global Culture. London: Sage.
273. Robinson, M. (1999a) Collaboration and cultural consent: Refocusing sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 7 (3&4), 379-397.
274. Robinson, M. (1999b) Cultural conflicts in tourism: Inevitability and equality. In M. Robinson and P. Boniface (eds) Tourism and Cultural Conflicts (pp. 1-32). Oxford: CABI Publishing.
275. Rodenburg, E. (1980) The effects of scale in economic development: Tourism in Bali. Annals of Tourism Research 7 (2), 177-196.
276. Rodgers, S. (1985) Power and Gold: Jewellery of Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. Geneva: Barbier-Muller Museum.
277. Rojek, C. (1997) Indexing, dragging and the social construction of tourist sights. In C. Rojek and J. Urry (eds) Touring Cultures: Transformations of Travel and Theory (pp. 52-74). London: Routledge.
278. Russell-Smith, J. (2005) New era for fire management in Indonesia, http://savanna. ntu.edu.au/publications/savanna_links32/fire_management_in_.html (accessed 12/10/05).
279. Saju, P. and Sawega, A. (1994) Kreativitas Kolektif dari Timur. Kompas 11 December.
280. Salazar, N. (2005) Tourism and glocalisation ‘local’ tour guiding. Annals of Tourism Research 32 (3), 628-646.
281. Sanger, A. (1988). Blessing or blight? The effects of touristic dance drama on village life in Singapadu. In The Impact of Tourism on Traditional Music (pp. 79-104). Kingston: Jamaica Memory Bank.
282. Saremba, J. and Gill, A. (1991) Value conflicts in mountain park settings. Annals of Tourism Research 18, 455-472.
283. Schelling, V. (1998) Globalisation ethnic identity and popular culture in Latin America. In R. Keily and P. Marfleet (eds) Globalisation and the Third World (pp. 141-161). London: Routledge.
284. Scheyvens, R. (2002) Back-packer tourism and third world development. Annals of Tourism Research 29 (1), 144-164.
285. Scheyvens, R. (2003) Tourism for Development, Empowering Communities. New York:Prentice Hall.
286. Schmidt, J., Hersh, J. and Fold, N. (1998) Changing realities and social transition in South East Asia. In J. Schmidt, J. Hersh and N. Fold (eds) Social Change in South East Asia (pp. 1-22). Harlow: Longman.
287. Scholte, J. (1997) Identifying Indonesia. In M. Hitchcock and V. King (eds) Images of Malay-Indonesia Identity (pp. 21-44). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
288. Scholte, J. (2002) What is globalisation? The definitional issue - Again. CSGR Working Paper No. 109/02, University of Warwick.
289. Schuerkens, U. (2003) The sociological and anthropological study of globalisation and localisation. Current Sociology 5 (3/4), 209-222.
290. Schwarz, A. (1999) A Nation in Waiting. Indonesia’s Search for Stability. St Leonards:Allen Unwin.
291. Scott, J. (1976) The Moral Economy of the Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in South East Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press.
292. Selwyn, T. (1994) The anthropology of tourism. In A. Seaton et al. (eds) Tourism: The State of the Art (pp. 729-736). Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
293. Selwyn, T. (1996) Introduction. In T. Selwyn (ed.) The Tourist Image. Myths and Myth Making in Tourism (pp. 1-32). Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
294. Seymour, R. and Turner, S. (2002) Otonomi Dareah: Indonesia’s decentralisation experiment. New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 4 (2), 33-51.
295. Sharpely, R. (1993) Tourism and Leisure in the Countryside. Huntingdon: Elm.
296. Sharpley, R. (2000) The consumption of tourism revisited. In M. Robinson, P. Long, N. Evans, R. Sharpley and J. Swarbrooke (eds) Motivations, Behaviour and Tourist Types. Reflections on International Tourism (pp. 381-392). Sunderland:The Centre for Travel and Tourism in association with the British Educational Publishers.
297. Sharpley, R. (2002) Tourism: A vehicle for development? In R. Sharpley and D. Tefler (eds) Tourism and Development: Concepts and Issues (pp. 11-34). Clevedon:Channel View Publications.
298. Simmons, D. (1994) Community participation in tourism planning. Tourism Management 15 (2), 98-108.
299. Simpson, D. and Wall, G. (1999) Environmental impact assessment for tourism: a discussion and an Indonesian example. In D. Pearce and R. Butler (eds) Contemporary Issues in Tourism Development. London: Routledge.
300. Sinclair, T. (1997) Issues and theories of gender and work in tourism. In T. Sinclair (ed.) Gender, Work and Tourism (pp. 1-15). London: Routledge.
301. Slamet-Vilsink, I. (1995) Emerging Hierarchies. Processes of Stratification and Early State Formation in the Indonesian Archipelago: Pre-history and Ethnographic Present. Leiden: KITLV Press.
302. Smedal, O. (1993) Making place: Houses, lands, and relationships among Ngadha, Central Flores. Doctoral thesis, University of Oslo.
303. Smedal, O. (1998) Hierarchy, stratification, power, subversion and other possible related concepts: A view from Ngadaland, Central Flores. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Bergen.
304. Smedjebacka, K. (2000) Modern influences on East Sumba textiles. In M. Hitchcock and Weindu Nuryanti (eds) Building on Batik (pp. 285-294). Aldershot:Ashgate.
305. Smith, V. (ed.) (1978) Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism. Oxford:Blackwell.
306. Smith, V. (2001) The nature of tourism. In V. Smith and M. Bryant (eds) Hosts and Guests Revisited: Tourism Issues of the 21st Century (pp. 53-68). New York:Cognizant Communication Corporation.
307. Soejono, S. (1997) Dampak Industri parawisata pada seni pertunjukan. Jurnal Masyarakat Seni Pertunjuk Indonesia VIII, 101-111.
308. Soemardjan, S. and Breazeale, K. (1993) Cultural Change in Rural Indonesia. Impact of Village Development. Surakarta: Sebelas Maret University Press.
309. Sofield, T. (1995) Indonesia’s National Tourism Development Plan. Annals of Tourism Research. 22 (3), 690-693.
310. Sofield, T. (2000) Rethinking and reconceptualizing social and cultural issues in South and South East Asian tourism development. In M. Hall and S. Page (eds) Tourism in South and South East Asia: Issues and Cases (pp. 45-57). Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann.
311. Sofield, T. (2003) Empowerment for Sustainable Tourism Development. Oxford:Pergamon.
312. Sofield, T. and Birtles, A. (1996) Indigenous peoples’ Cultural Opportunity Spectrum for Tourism (IPCOST). In R. Butler and T. Hinch (eds) Tourism and Indigenous peoples (pp. 396-432). London: International Thomson Business Press.
313. Spreitzhofer, G. (1998) Backpacker tourism in South East Asia. Annals of Tourism Research 25, 979-983.
314. Stanley, N. (1998) Being Ourselves for You: The Global Display of Cultures. London:Middlesex University Press.
315. Steege, K., Sam, S. and Bras, K. (1999) Mountain guides in Lombok. Path finders up Gunnung Rinjani. In H. Dahles and K. Bras, (eds) Tourism and Small Entrepreneurs (pp. 112-127). New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation.
316. Sufwandi Mangkudilaga (1996) The concept of the development of tourism in Indonesia. In W. Nuryanti (ed.) Tourism and Culture: Global Civilisation in Change (pp. 327-335). Yogyakarta: Gadja Mada University Press.
317. Suzuki, P. (1959) The Religious System and Culture of Nias, Indonesia. The Hague:Excelsior.
318. Swain, M. (1989) Developing ethnic tourism in Yunan China: Shalin Sani. Tourism Recreation Research 14 (1), 33-40.
319. Swain, M. (1990) Commoditizing ethnicity in Southwest China. Cultural Survival Quarterly 14 (1), 26-29.
320. Sweeny, A. and Wanhill, S. (1996) Hosting the guest: Changing local attitudes and behaviour. In L. Briguglio, B. Archer, J. Jafari and G. Wall (eds) Sustainable Tourism in Islands and Small States: Issues and Policies (pp. 148-159). London:Pinter.
321. Taylor, C. (1997) South East Asia on a Shoestring (9th edn). London: Lonely Planet.
322. Taylor, J. (2001) Authenticity and sincerity in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 28 (1), 7-26.
323. Telfer, D. (2002) The evolution of tourism and development theory. In R. Sharpley and D. Telfer (eds) Tourism and Development: Concepts and Issues (pp. 35-78). Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
324. Timothy, D. (1999) Participatory planning: A view of tourism in Indonesia. Annals of Tourism Research 26 (2), 371-391.
325. Tosun, C. and Timothy, D. (2003) Arguments for community participation in tourism development. The Journal of Tourism Studies 14 (2), 2-11.
326. Tourism Concern (1992) Beyond the Green Horizon. Godalming: World Wildlife Fund.
327. Traube, E. (1986) Cosmology and Social Life. Ritual Exchange Among the Mambai of East Timor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
328. Travel Impact Newswire (2003) Indonesia from Feast to Famine. Travel Impact Newswire No. 36 16/9/03.
329. Tribe, J. (1997) The indiscipline of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 24 (3), 638-657.
330. Tribe, J. (2005) The Economics of Recreation, Leisure and Tourism (3rd edn) Oxford:Elsevier.
331. Turnbridge, J.E. and Ashworth, G.J. (1996) Dissonant Heritage: The Management of the Past as Resource in Conflict. Chichester: John Wiley.
332. Turner, P. (1998) Indonesia’s Eastern Islands. Hawthorn: Lonely Planet.
333. Umbu Peku Djawang (1991) The role of tourism in NTT development. In C. Barlow, A. Bellis and K. Andrews (eds) Nusa Tenggara Timor: The Challenge of Development, Political and Social Change. Monograph 12, Canberra: ANU University.
334. UNDP Indonesia Human Development Report (2004) http://www.undp.or.id/ pubs/ihdr2004/ihdr2004_full.pdf (accessed November 2005).
335. UNESCAP (2004) http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/Publications/TFS_pubs/pub_ 2017/pub_2017_ch2.pdf (accessed November 2005).
336. Urbanowicz, C. (1978) Tourism in Tonga: Troubled times. In V. Smith (ed.) Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (pp. 83-92). Oxford: Blackwell.
337. Urry, J. (1990) The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies. London:Sage.
338. Usman, S. (2001) Indonesia’s decentralisation policy. Initial experiences and emerging problems. Conference paper, EUROSEAS, SOAS, London University.
339. van der Dium, R., Peters, K. and Akama, J. (2006) Cultural tourism in African communities:A comparison between cultural manyattas in Kenya and cultural Tourism in Tanzania. In M. Smith and M. Robinson (eds) Cultural Tourism in a Changing World (pp. 104-123). Clevedon: Channel View.
340. Van den Berghe, P. (1992) Tourism and the ethnic division of labor. Annals of Tourism Research 19, 234-249.
341. Van den Berghe, P. and Keyes, C. (1984) Introduction: Tourism and re-created ethnicity. Annals of Tourism Research 11, 343-352.
342. Van der Hoop, Th. (n.d.) Megalithic Remains in South Sumatra. Thiemercie, Zutphen, the Netherlands.
343. Van Harssell, J. (1994) Tourism: An Exploration. NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
344. Van Niel, R. (1979) From Netherlands East Indies to Republic of Indonesia 1900- 1945. In H. Aveling (ed.) The Development of Indonesian Society (pp. 106-165). St Lucia: University of Queensland Press.
345. Van Wouden, F.A.E. (1935) Types of Social Structure in Eastern Indonesia. English translation by R. Needham (1968). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
346. Vel, J. (1994) The Uma Economy. Indigenous Economics and Development Work in Lawonda, Sumba. Den Haag: CIP data Koninklijke bibliotheek.
347. Visser, L. (1997) Ritual performance and images of good governance in Halmahera. In M. Hitchcock and V. King (eds) Images of Malay-Indonesian Identity (pp. 180-200). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
348. Volkman, T. (1985) Feasts of Honour. Ritual and Change in the Toraja Highlands. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
349. Volkman, T. (1987) Mortuary tourism in Tana Toraja. In R. Kipp and S. Rodgers (eds) Indonesian Religions in Transition (pp. 161-168). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
350. Volkman, T. (1990) Visions and revisions: Toraja culture and the tourist gaze. American Ethnologist 17 (1), 91-110.
351. Waldren, J. (1996) Insiders and Outsiders: Paradise and Reality in Mallorca. Oxford:Berghahn Books.
352. Wall, G. (1997) Indonesia: The impact of regionalization. In F. Go and C. Jenkins (eds) Tourism and Economic Development in Asia and Australasia (pp. 138-149). London: Pinter.
353. Walters, M. (1995) Globalisation. London: Routledge.
354. Wang, N. (1999) Rethinking authenticity in tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research 26 (2), 349-370.
355. Warburton, D. (1998) A passive dialogue: Community and sustainable development. In D. Warburton (ed.) Community and Sustainable Development. London:Earthscan.
356. Warpole, M. and Goodwin, H. (2000) Local economic impacts of dragon tourism in Indonesia. Annals of Tourism Research 27 (3), 559-576.
357. Waterson, R. (1990) The Living House: An Anthropology of Architecture in South-East Asia. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
358. Waterson, R. (1995) Houses and hierarchies in island South East Asia. In J. Carsten and S. Hugh-Jones (eds) About the House. Lévi Strauss and Beyond (pp. 47-68). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
359. Webb, P. (1986) Palms and the Cross. Socio-economic Development in Nusa Tenggara Townsville: James Cook University.
360. Weiler, B. and Ham, S. (2001) Perspectives and thoughts on tour guiding. In A. Lockwood and S. Medlik (eds) Tourism and Hospitality in the 21st Century (pp. 255-264). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
361. Weiller, B. and Davis, D. (1993) An exploratory investigation into the roles of the nature based tour leader. Tourism Management April, 91-98.
362. Weindu Nuryanti (1998) Tourism and regional imbalances: The case of Java. Indonesia and the Malay World 26 (75), 136-144.
363. Wheat, S. (1999) Editorial: Guide books. In Focus 34, 3.
364. Wheeler, T. (1990) Indonesia: A Travel Survival Kit (2nd edn). Hawthorn: Lonely Planet.
365. Wickens, E. (2000) Rethinking tourists’ experiences. In M. Robinson et al. (eds) Motivations, Behaviour and Tourist Types. Reflections on International Tourism. (pp. 455-472). Sunderland: Centre for Travel and Tourism in association with Business Education Press.
366. Williams, S. (1998) Tourism Geography. London: Routledge.
367. Wilson, D. (1993) Time and tides in the anthropology of tourism. In M. Hitchcock, V. King and M. Parnwell (eds) Tourism in South East Asia (pp. 32-47). London:Routledge.
368. Windiyaningsih, C. (2004) The rabies epidemic on Flores island, Indonesia (1998- 2003). Journal of the Medical Association Thailand 87 (11), 1389-1395.
369. Wiradji, S. (2005) Hope lives on for ailing tourism industry. Jakarta Post, www.thejarkartapost.com/special/ttb20 (accessed 07/11/05).
370. Wood, R. (1984) Ethnic tourism, the state and cultural change in Southeast Asia. Annals of Tourism Research 11, 353-374.
371. Wood, R. (1993) Tourism, culture and the sociology of development. In M. Hitchcock, V. King and M. Parnwell (eds) Tourism in South East Asia (pp. 48-70). London: Routledge.
372. Wood, R. (1997) Tourism and the state: Ethnic options and the construction of otherness. In M. Picard and R. Wood (eds) Tourism, Ethnicity and the State in Asian and Pacific Societies (pp. 1-34). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
373. World Bank (2002) Vulnerability of Bali’s Tourism Economy. A Preliminary Assessment. Interim Consultative Group on Indonesia, 1/11/02.
374. WTO (1998) Indonesia Presentation at WTO high level meeting on the economic impacts of tourism. Kobe, Japan, 25-27 November 1998, www.mct.go.kr/ conf/wto (accessed 12/10/02).
375. WTO (1999) Tourism 2020 Vision Executive Summary. Madrid: WTO.
376. Yamashita, S. (1994) Manipulating ethnic tradition: The funeral ceremony and television among the Toraja. Indonesia 58, 69-82.
377. Zainal Kling (1997) Adat: Collective self image. In M. Hitchcock and V. King (eds) Images of Malay-Indonesian Identity (pp. 45-51). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
378. Zeppel, H. (1993) Getting to know the Iban: The tourist experience of visiting an Iban long house in Sarawak. In V. King (ed.) Tourism in Borneo. Borneo Research Council proceedings. Papers from the biennial international conference. Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, July (1992).