When the king goeth a procession: Chapel Ceremonies and services, the ritual year, and religious reforms at the early tudor court, 1485-1547

Journal of British Studies

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 44-75

  Kisby, Fiona ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84949117274     PISSN: 00219371     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/386234     Document Type: Review

References (267)

1. David Starkey, ed., The English Court: From the Wars of theRoses to the Civil War (London, 1987).
2. Jeroen Duindam, "Courts and Ceremony: The Austrian Habsburgs and BourbonFrance" (paper presented at the Institute of Historical Research, London, November1998);
3. Ralph E. Giesey, "The King Imagined," in The French Revolution and the Creationof Modern Political Culture, ed. Keith Baker (Oxford, 1987), p. 41.
4. Jeroen Duindam, Myths of Power: Norbert Elias and the Early Modern Court (Amsterdam,1995), p. 6;
5. Jennifer Loach, ' 'The Function of Ceremonial in the Reign of HenryVIII," Past and Present, no. 142 (1994): 42-68;
6. Sydney Anglo, Images of Tudor Kingship(London, 1992)
7. Spectacle, Pageantry and Early Tudor Policy (Oxford, 1969).
8. Giesey, "The King Imagined," pp. 41-42.
9. Jeroen Duindam, "Norbert Elias and the Early Modern Court," Historische Anthropologie(in press).
10. JohnAdamson, ed., The Princely Courts of Europe (London, 1999).
11. Tess Knighton, "Music and Court History," The Court Historian 1, no. 2 (1996):10-11.
12. Simon Thurley, RoyalPalaces of Tudor England (London, 1993);
13. David Baldwin, The Chapel Royal: Ancientand Modern (London, 1990);
14. David Loades, The Tudor Court (London, 1987).
15. Earlier studies of the Reformation and the Tudor court have tended to focus onthe religion of individuals; see, e.g., Elizabeth Culling, "The Impact of the Reformationon the Tudor Royal Household to 1553" (Ph.D. thesis, University of Durham, 1986);
16. Patricia Swensen, "Noble Hunters of the Romish Fox: Religious Reform at the TudorCourt, 1543-1564" (Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1981);
17. Maria Dowling,"The Gospel and the Court: Reformation under Henry VIII," in Protestantism andthe National Church in Sixteenth-Century England, ed. Peter Lake and Maria Dowling(London, 1987), pp. 36-77.
18. Starkey, ed., English Court, p. 3;
19. Fiona Kisby, "The Royal Household Chapel inEarly-Tudor London" (Ph.D. thesis, University of London, 1996), p. 39.
20. Kisby, "The Royal Household Chapel," pp. 38-44;
21. David Starkey, "Intimacy andInnovation: The Rise of the Privy Chamber, 1485-1547," in Starkey, ed., English Court,pp. 71-118;
22. Diarmaid MacCulloch, ed., The Reign of Henry VIII (Basingstoke, 1995),pp. 231-32.
23. Alec Myers, ed., The Household of Edward IV: The Black Book and the Ordinanceof 1478 (Manchester, 1959).
24. Loades, The Tudor Court, pp. 40-41
25. Kisby, "The Royal Household Chapel,"p. 45.
26. Fiona Kisby, "Officers and Office-Holding at the Early-Tudor Court: A Study of theChapel Royal, 1485-1547," Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle (in press).
27. Nicholas Orme, "The Medieval Clergy of Exeter Cathedral I," and "The MedievalClergy of Exeter Cathedral II," Report and Transactions of the Devonshire Associationfor the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art 113 (1981): 82; 115 (1983): 79.
28. Archdale King, Liturgies of the Past (London, 1959), pp. 276-374;
29. Walter Ullmann,ed., Liber Regie Capelle: A Manuscript in the Biblioteca Publica, Evora, HenryBradshaw Society, vol. 92 (London, 1961), p. 58;
30. Frank Harrison, Music in MedievalBritain, 4th ed. (Buren, 1980), p. 47;
31. Roger Bowers, "The Cultivation and Promotionof Music in the Household and Orbit of Thomas Wolsey," in Cardinal Wolsey: Church,State and Art, ed. Steve Gunn and Paul Lindley (Cambridge, 1991), p. 179.
32. May Hofman and John Morehen, Latin Music in British Sources, c. 1485-1610 (London,1987).
33. Kisby, "Officers and Office-Holding."17
34. Fiona Kisby, "Kingship and the Royal Itinerary: A Study of the Peripatetic Householdsof the Early-Tudor Kings, 1485-1547," The Court Historian 4, no. 1 (1999): 29-39;
35. Thurley, Royal Palaces, p. 67.
36. Societyof Antiquaries, A Collection of Ordinances and Regulations for the Government of theRoyal Household Made in Divers Reigns from King Edward III to King William andQueen Mary: Also Receipts in Ancient Cookery (London, 1790), pp. 160-61.
37. Ullmann, ed., Liber Regie Capelle, pp. 58-60.
38. Gordon Kipling, ed., The Receyt of the Ladie Kateryne, Early English TextSociety, no. 296 (Oxford, 1990), pp. xiii, xl, xliii, 72-73.
39. Gerald Heath, The Chapel Royal at Hampton Court, Boroughof Twickenham Local History Society Paper, no. 42 (Richmond, 1979), after p. 29;
40. Thurley,Royal Palaces, pp. 196-97.
41. Ullmann, ed., Liber Regie Capelle,p. 62.
42. Howard Colvin and David Ransome, The History of the King's Works, 6 vols. (London, 1963-82).
43. British Library(BL), Harley MS 1419/A, fols. 22, 56v, 87v, 251, 292v;
44. Clare Byrne,The Lisle Letters, 6 vols. (London, 1981), 4:115-16.
45. Peter McCullough, Sermons at Court: Politics and Religion in Elizabethan andJacobean Preaching (Cambridge, 1998), pp. 21-22;
46. Kipling, ed., The Receyt of the LadieKateryne, pp. 72-73;
47. Anglo Images, p. 35.
48. Printed in Francis Grose and Thomas Astle, eds., Antiquarian Repertory, 4 vols.(London, 1807-9), 2:184-208;
49. David Starkey, "The King's Privy Chamber, 1485-1547"(Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, 1973), pp. 20-21, 134.
50. James Gairdner, ed., Memorials of Henry VII (London, 1858), p. 121;
51. R. H. Brodie, J. S. Brewer, and J. Gairdner, eds., Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic,of the Reign of Henry VIII, 21 vols. (London, 1862-1920)
52. J. R. Dasent, ed., Acts of the Privy Council of England, 32 vols. (London,1890-1907), 1:495.
53. Starkey, "The King's PrivyChamber," p. 18, n. 1.27 BL, Add. MS 71009.
54. Leslie Stephen and Sidney Lee, eds., Dictionary ofNational Biography, 22 vols. (London, 1921-22), 14:566-67;
55. PRO, LC2/4/3, p. 106.
56. Clare Byrne, ed., The Lisle Letters, p. 293.
57. Kisby, "Religious Ceremonial at the Tudor Court: Extracts from Royal HouseholdRegulations in British Library, Additional Manuscript 71009," The Camden Miscellany(in press).29
58. Dasent, ed., Acts of the Privy Council, 7:4;
59. Stanley Bindoff, ed., The History ofParliament: The House of Commons 1509-1558, 3 vols. (London, 1982), 3:19-20.
60. BL, Add. MS 71009;
61. R. O'Day, The Longman Companion to the Tudor Age (New York,1995), p. 208.
62. Grose and Astle, eds., Antiquarian Repertory, 2:188-89.
63. BL, Add. MS 71009, fol. 14v; Colvin and Ransome, History of the King's Works,4:106.
64. Thurley , Royal Palaces, pp. 125-26;
65. PRO, LC2/1, fol. 122, LC2/2, fol. 38.37 LP X, no. 76
66. He heard vespers and compline "in the Queen's Chamber"; SebastianoGiustiniani, Four Years at the Court of Henry VIII, trans. Rawdon Brown, 2 vols.(London, 1854), 2:312.
67. Starkey, "The King's Privy Chamber," pp. 18-21;
68. BL, Add. MS 71009, fol. 10;
69. George Cavendish,The Life and Death of Cardinal Wolsey, ed. Richard Sylvester, Early English Text Society,o.s., 243 (London, 1959), p. 7;
70. Gairdner, ed., Memorials of King Henry VII, pp. 290-92.
71. Thurley, Royal Palaces, pp. 196, 198.
72. Grose and Astle, eds., Antiquarian Repertory, 2:188-89.
73. BL, Add. MS 71009, fol. 15;
74. Myers, ed., Household of Edward IV, pp. 90-91.
75. PRO, E101/414/6, E101/414/16, E101/415/3; BL, Add.21480;
76. PRO, E36/214;
77. BL, Add. MS 21481, fols. 5v, 16v, 19, 22, 23v, 25v, 50.
78. Christopher Cheney, Handbook of Dates for Students of English History (London,1991), pp. 65-66.
79. PRO, E36/216, E101/420/11; BL, MS Arundel 97; BL, MSStowe 554;
80. BL, Add. MS 59900.
81. Jeroen Duindam, "The Court of the Austrian Habsburgs," Mitteilungen derResidenzen-Kommission Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Gb'ttingen 8, no. 2 (1998): 44.
82. Eamon Duffy, The Stripping of the Altars (London, 1992), p. 42;
83. ChristopherCheney, "Rules for the Observance of Feast Days in Medieval England," Bulletin of theInstitute of Historical Research 34 (1961): 117.
84. BL, Add. 71009, fol. 14v.
85. Thurley, RoyalPalaces, pi. 4.50 LP V, no. 564, pp. 259-60.
86. LP XX, pt. i, no. 7.52 LP V, no. 614;
87. LP XVII, no. 468;
88. Grose and Astle, eds., Antiquarian Repertory, 2:193.
89. John Nichols, The Progresses and Public Processions of Queen Elizabeth I, 3 vols.(London, 1823), 3:424-25.
90. Loach, "The Function of Ceremonial," pp. 44, 66;
91. Anglo Images, p. 24;
92. Norbert Elias, The Court Society (Oxford, 1983), p. 117.
93. Starkey, ed., English Court, p. 5;
94. G. R. Elton, "Tudor Government. The Pointsof Contact. III. The Court," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser., 26(1976): 218.
95. Hugh Baillie, "Etiquette and the Planning of the State Apartments in BaroquePalaces," Archaeologia 101 (1967): 189-90;
96. For those present at services in the absence of the king, see Kate Mertes, TheEnglish Noble Household 1250-1600 (Oxford, 1987), pp. 140, 149-51, 159;
97. BL, MSHarley 6815, fol. 23v.
98. Andrew Ashbee, "Music at the Early-Tudor Court," paper presented at the ViolaDa Gamba Society meeting, London, November 1993;
99. Thurley, Royal Palaces, pp. 195-96.
100. Ullmann, ed., Liber Regie Capelle, p. 62.
101. Fiona Kisby, "The Music and Musicians of Early-Tudor Westminster," Early Music23 (1995): 223-41.
102. Grose and Astle, eds., Antiquarian Repertory, 1:296-341.
103. Society of Antiquaries, A Collection of Ordinances, pp. 109-33
104. BL, Add. MS 4712, fols. 3-22;
105. BL, Harley MS 4107, fols. 100-33.
106. Kisby, "Religious Ceremonial
107. David Starkey, "Henry VFs Old Blue Gown,"The Court Historian 4, no. 1 (1999): 1-29.
108. Ernst Kantorowicz, Laudes Regiae: A Study in Liturgical Acclamations and MedievalRuler Worship (Berkeley, 1946), pp. 92-100, 171-79;
109. Ian Bent, "The EnglishChapel Royal before 1300," Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association 90 (1963-64): 82-85;
110. Percy Schramm, A History of the English Coronation (Oxford, 1937), pp. 30-32.
111. Charles Armstrong, "The Inauguration Ceremonies of the Yorkist Kings and TheirTitle to the Throne," in England, France and Burgundy in the Fifteenth Century, ed.Charles Armstrong (London, 1983), pp. 73-96 ;
112. Ullmann, ed., Liber Regie Capelle,pp. 64-65.
113. Grose and Astle, eds., Antiquarian Repertory, 1:327-28.
114. Nicholas Sandon, The Use of Salisbury: The Ordinary of the Mass, Cantico ChurchMusic (Newton Abbot, 1984), p. x-68
115. John Leland, De Rebus Britannicis Collectanea, ed. Thomas Hearne, 6 vols. (London,1774), 4:234-36.
116. John Harper, The Forms and Ordersof Western Liturgy (Oxford, 1991), p. 57.
117. Roy Strong, Lost Treasures of Britain (London, 1990), pp. 119-122;
118. Ronald Lightbown, "The King's Regalia, Insignia and Jewellery," in The Late King's Goods, ed.Arthur MacGregor (London, 1989), pp. 257-59;
119. Dale Hoak, "The Iconography of theCrown Imperial," in Hoak, ed., Tudor Political Culture (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 54-103.
120. PRO, E101/414/6, fols. 6, 13, 26v.
121. Myers, ed., Household of Edward IV, p. 130;
122. BL, Cotton MS Nero D.II, fol. 256v;
123. Anthony Wagner, Heralds of England (London,1967), pp. 24-74.
124. Grose and Astle, eds., Antiquarian Repertory, 1:329.
125. Kisby, "The Royal Household Chapel," p. 154;
126. Myers, ed.,The Household of Edward IV, pp. 241-42, nn. 125-26.
127. Leopold Wickham Legg, English Coronation Records (Westminster, 1901), pp.lxxxii-lxxxviii.
128. PRO,E101/415/12, fols. lOv, 11, 12v.
129. Geoff Chew, "The Early Cyclic Mass as an Expression of Royal and Papal Supremacy,"Music and Utters 53 (1972): 256-268.
130. Louise Campbell, A Catalogueof Manuscripts in the College of Arms Collections, 2 vols. (London, 1988), 1:123.
131. Grose and Astle, eds., Antiquarian Repertory, 1:340-41;
132. CoA, MS M 8, fols. 56-56v.
133. McCullough, Sermons, pp. 52-53, n. 6.
134. BL, Add. MS 21481, fols. 16v, 46v, 77v, 88, 95.
135. PRO, E101/418/15, fols. 3, 6v, 77, 9v,15v, 19, 91.
136. Strong, Lost Treasures of Britain, p. 122.
137. Andrew Jeffries Collins, Jewels and Plate of Queen Elizabeth (London,1955), pp. 10, 13;
138. Edward Twining, A History of the Crown Jewels of Europe (London,1960), pp. 139-40.
139. William Streitberger,Court Revels 1485-1559 (London, 1994);
140. Greg Walker, Plays of Persuasion: Politics atthe Court of Henry VIII (Cambridge, 1991).
141. BL, Add. MS 71009, fols. 25, 25v.
142. Terence Bailey, The Processions ofSarum and the Western Church, Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, no. 21 (Toronto,1971), pp. 12-18;
143. Harper, Forms and Orders, p. 152.
144. Bailey, Processions, p. 16;
145. Duffy, Stripping, pp. 15-21.
146. BL, Add. MS 71009, fols. 6v, 14.
147. BL, Add. MS 21481, fol. 81.
148. BL, Add. MS 71009, fols. 15v-16, 25.
149. BL, Add. MS 71009, fol. 25.
150. Bailey, Processions, pp. 12-17;
151. Miri Rubin, "Corpus Christi Fraternities and LateMedieval Piety," in Voluntary Religion: Papers Read at the 1985 Summer and 1986Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society, ed. William Sheils and Diana Woods(Oxford, 1986), pp. 99-101;
152. Duffy, Stripping, p. 44;
153. BL Add. MS 71009, fol. 25.
154. Harper, Forms and Orders, pp. 139-52.
155. Duffy, Stripping; and H. J. Feasey, Ancient EnglishHoly Week Ceremonial (London, 1893).
156. Bailey, Processions, pp. 19-20.
157. BL, Add. MS 71009, fols. 17, 22v.
158. Duffy, Stripping, pp. 23-26;
159. Feasey, Ancient English Holy Week, pp. 53-84.
160. BL, Add. MS 71009, fol. 22v;
161. John Stowe, Survey of London, ed. CharlesKingsford, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1909), 1:98.
162. BL, Add. MS 71009, fols. 23, 23v, 24.
163. Feasey,Ancient English Holy Week, pp. 84-94;
164. Duffy, Stripping, p. 23.
165. Louis Gougaud, Devotionaland Ascetic Practices in the Middle Ages, trans. George Bateman (London, 1927),pp. 179-204.
166. John Henderson, "Piety and Charity in Late Medieval Florence: Religious Confraternitiesfrom the Middle of the Thirteenth to the Late Fifteenth Centuries" (Ph.D.thesis, University of London, 1983), p. 84;
167. Gougaud, Devotional and Ascetic Practices,p. 180.
168. Brian Robinson, Silver Pennies and Linen Towels (London, 1992), pp. 19-20, 25,42-43, 57.
169. BL, Add. MS 71009, fols. 23-23v;
170. Harper, Forms and Orders, p. 144;
171. CoA, MSM 8, fol. 26, 26v.
172. Feasey, Ancient English Holy Week, pp. 114-79;
173. Bailey, Processions, p. 21;
174. Harper, Forms and Orders, pp. 144-46.
175. Marc Bloch, The RoyalTouch: Sacred Monarchy and Scrofula in England and France, trans. J. E. Anderson(London, 1973), pp. 22, 27, 39-43, 46, 52-56, 183;
176. Anglo Images, pp. 19-20.
177. BL, Add. MS 71009, fol. 23v.
178. Ullmann, ed., Liber Regie Capelle, pp. 62-63.
179. BL, Add. MS 71009, fol. 23v;
180. Bloch, The Royal Touch, p. 106.
181. BL, Add. MS 71009, fols. 23v-24.
182. BL, Add. MS 71009, fols. 23v, 24.
183. Bailey, Processions, pp. 23-24;
184. Duffy, Stripping, p. 30.
185. BL, Add. MS 71009, fol. 24.
186. Adamson, ed., The Princely Courts of Europe, Introduction,sec. 5.
187. Michael Jones and Malcolm Underwood,The King's Mother (Cambridge, 1992), p. 17;
188. Anglo Images, p. 28;
189. Simon Thurley andChristopher Lloyd, Henry VIII: Images of a Tudor King (Oxford, 1990), pp. 9-13;
190. Diarmaid MacCulloch, "Henry VIII and the Reform of the Church," in MacCulloch, ed.,Reign of Henry VIII, p. 162.
191. Giesey, "The King Imagined," pp. 55-56;
192. Adolf Birke and Ronald Asch, eds.,Princes, Patronage and the Nobility (Oxford, 1991), pp. 9-36, 48;
193. Anglo Images, pp. 5-8;
194. Kisby, "The Royal Household Chapel," pp.51-56.
195. McCullough, Sermons, pp. 40-41.
196. Birke and Asch, eds., Princes, Patronage and the Nobility, p. 10;
197. McCullough,Sermons, pp. 26-27.
198. Clifford Geertz, "Centres, Kings and Charisma: Reflections on the Symbolics ofPower," in Joseph Ben-David and Terry Nicholas, eds., Culture and Its Creators (London,1977), pp. 150-53.
199. John Guy, Tudor England (Oxford, 1991);
200. Diarmaid MacCulloch, Thomas Cranmer (London,1996);
201. MacCulloch, ed., Reign of Henry VIII; David Newcombe, Henry VIII andthe English Reformation (London, 1995);
202. R. O'Day, The Debate on the English Reformation (Cambridge, 1986);
203. Andrew Pettegree, ed., The Early Reformation in Europe(Cambridge, 1992);
204. Richard Rex, Henry VIII and the English Reformation (Basingstoke,1993).
205. Andrew Pettegree, "Re-writing the English Reformation,"Nederlands Archief voor Kierkgeschiedenis 72, no. 1 (1992): 37-39;
206. Christopher Haigh, "The Recent Historiography of the English Reformation," Historical Journal 25(1982): 995-1007
207. Revisionism, the Reformation and the History of English Catholicism,"Journal of Ecclesiastical History 36, no. 3 (1985): 394-406
208. and "The EnglishReformation," Historical Journal 33, no. 2 (1990): 449-59;
209. Diarmaid MacCulloch,"New Spotlights on the English Reformation," Journal of Ecclesiastical History 45(1994): 319-24;
210. Susan Wabuda, "Revising the Reformation," Journal of British Studies35, no. 2 (1996): 257-62.
211. MacCulloch, "Henry VIII," p. 159.
212. Peter le Huray, Music and the Reformation in England 1549-1660 (Cambridge,1978), pp. 10-11.
213. A. G. Dickens, Reformation Studies (London, 1982), p. 443.
214. Dowling, "The Gospel and the Court," p. 36;
215. MacCulloch, Cranmer, p. 2;
216. MacCulloch, "Henry VIII,"pp. 168-69.
217. Paul Hughes and James Larkin, Tudor Royal Proclamations, 3 vols. (London,1964), 3:270-71, 273-75, 278-80.
218. LP VIII, no. 174.
219. St. Clare Byrne, ed., The Lisle Letters, 3:421, 423-24.
220. BL, Add. MS 71009, fol. 24v.
221. Gerald Heath, The Chapel Royal at HamptonCourt, p. 9;
222. Adamson, ed., The Princely Courts, Introduction, sec. 5;
223. BL, Add. MS 21481,fol. 76;
224. PRO, E36/216, fol. 66v.
225. BL, Add. MS 21481 fols. 46, 58, 76, 87v, etc.
226. PRO, E101/420/11, fol. 166;
227. BL, Arundel MS 97, fols. 12, 20v, 43, 46;
228. PRO,E101/420/11, fols. 3v, 7, 23v, 62v, 65v, 102v, 134v, 138v.
229. Miri Rubin, Corpus Christi: The Eucharist in Late Medieval Culture (Cambridge,1991), pp. 70-73;
230. Fiona Kisby, "A Mirror of Monarchy: Music and Musicians in theHousehold Chapel of the Lady Margaret Beaufort, Mother of Henry VII," Early MusicHistory 16 (1997): 203-34.
231. Myers, ed., The Household of Edward IV, pp. 90-91, 237, n. 52.
232. John Strype, Ecclesiastical Memorials, Relating Chiefly to Religion, and the Reformationof It, and the Emergencies of the Church of England, under King Henry VIII.
233. King Edward VI. and Queen Mary I. With Large Appendixes, Containing Original PapersRecords, 6 vols. (Oxford, 1822), 3, pt. 1:100-1.
234. Paul Doe, "Latin Polyphony under Henry VIII," Proceedings of the Royal MusicalAssociation 95 (1968-69): 86-87;
235. Hofman and Morehen, Latin Music.
236. Clare Byrne, ed., Lisle Letters, 3:423.
237. Duffy, Stripping, p. 398.
238. LP VII, nos. 30, 32;
239. MacCulloch, Cranmer, p. 114;
240. McCullough, Sermons,pp. 62-63.
241. Kisby, "The Royal Household Chapel,"app. 3.
242. MacCulloch, Cranmer,pp. 114, 154;
243. and Culling, "The Impact of the Reformation," pp. 323-71.
244. G. R. Elton, "Thomas Cromwell's Decline and Fall," in Studies in Tudor andStuart Politics and Government, ed. G. R. Elton, 4 vols. (Cambridge, 1974-92), 1:215-20;
245. MacCulloch, Cranmer, p. 262.
246. MacCulloch, Cranmer, pp. 277-396;
247. Culling, "The Impact of the Reformation,"p. 284.
248. Timothy Shirley, Thomas Thirlby, Early-Tudor Bishop (London, 1964), pp. 96-101, 115, 222.
249. Kisby, "The Royal Household Chapel," pp. 183-84.
250. David Wilkins, Concilia Magnae Britanniae et Hibemiae, 4 vols. (London, 1737),3:823-24.
251. John Strype, Memorials of the Most Reverend Father in God Thomas Cranmer, Archbishopof Canterbury.
252. Wherein the History of the Church and the Reformation of It during thePrimacy of the Said Archbishop, are Greatly Illustrated.. ,2 vols. (Oxford, 1840), 2:729;
253. BL, Cotton MS Cleopatra E.v, fol. 300.
254. BL, Add. MS 59900, fol. 54.
255. BL, Add. MS 59900, fol. 54;
256. Kisby, "The Royal Household Chapel," pp. 195-96
257. MacCulloch, "Henry VIII," p. 179.
258. MacCulloch, "Henry VIII," pp. 175-76;
259. George Bernard, "The Making of ReligiousPolicy, 1533-46," Historical Journal 41, no. 2 (1998): 321-49.
260. Duffy, Stripping, p. 379.
261. Anglo Images, p. 28;
262. MacCulloch, "Henry VIII," p. 166.
263. Rex Henry VIII, pp. 28-29.
264. John King, "The Royal Image, 1535-1603," in Hoak, ed., Tudor Political Culture,pp. 104-32;
265. Loach, "The Function of Ceremonial," p. 64.
266. Robert Bucholz, "Nothing but Ceremony: Queen Anne and the Limitations ofRoyal Ritual," Journal of British Studies 30 (1991): 288-323;
267. Zacharias Conrad vonUffenbach, London in 1710 from the Travels of Zacharias Conrad von Uffenbach, trans.William H. Quarrel and Margaret Mare (London, 1973), p. 115.