Free trade and state formation: The political economy of fisheries policy in Britain and the United Kingdom circa 1780-1850

Journal of British Studies

Volumn 39, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 288-316

  Gambles, Anna ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENT   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84949115331     PISSN: 00219371     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/386221     Document Type: Review

References (119)

1. J. Cornford, "Constitutional Reform in the U. K.," in The State and theNations: The Politics of Devolution, ed. S. Tindale (London, 1996), pp. 38-46;
2. S. Tindale,"Devolution on Demand: Options for the English Regions and London," in ibid., pp. 47-71;
3. P. Murphy and R. Caborn, "Regional Government: An Economic Imperative," inibid., pp. 184-221.
4. M. Hechter, Internal Colonialism:The Celtic Fringe in British National Development, 1536-1966 (London, 1975);
5. E.Page, "Michael Hechter's Internal Colonial Thesis: Some Theoretical and MethodologicalProblems," European Journal of Political Research 6 (1978): 295-317;
6. C. Smout, "Centreand Periphery in History; with Some Thoughts on Scotland as a Case Study," Journalof Common Market Studies 18 (1980): 256-71;
7. J. Bulpitt, Territory and Power in theUnited Kingdom: An Interpretation (Manchester, 1983), esp. pp. 34-44, 70-99.
8. A. Brady, WilliamHuskisson and Liberal Reform: An Essay on the Changes in Economic Policy in theTwenties of the Nineteenth Century (Oxford, 1928);
9. A. J. B. Hilton, Corn, Cash, Commerce:The Economic Policies of the Tory Governments, 1815-1830 (Oxford, 1977);
10. L. Brown, The Board of Trade and the Free Trade Movement, 1830-1842 (Oxford, 1958).
11. See, e.g., H. C. G. Matthew, Gladstone, 1809-1874 (Oxford, 1986), pp. 103-48
12. Gladstone, 1875-1898 (Oxford, 1995), pp. 316-19;
13. E. Biagini, Liberty, Retrenchmentand Reform: Popular Liberalism in the Age of Gladstone, 1860-1880 (Cambridge, 1992),esp. pp. 84-138;
14. A. C. Howe, Free Trade and Liberal England, 1846-1946 (Oxford,1997).
15. P. Harling and P. Mandler, "From 'Fiscal-Military' State to Laissez-faire State,1760-1850," Journal of British Studies 32 (1993): 44-70.
16. J. Brewer, The Sinews of Power: War, Money, and theEnglish State, 1688-1783 (London, 1989), esp. pp. 163-217.
17. P. Harling, The Waning of "Old Corruption": The Politics ofEconomical Reform in Britain, 1779-1846 (Oxford, 1996).
18. The Politics of Whisky: Scottish Distillers, the Excise, and the Pittite State,"Journal of British Studies 36 (1997): 35-69, esp. 37-45, 68-69.
19. P. Mathias and P. O'Brien, "Taxation in Britain and France, 1715-1810: A Comparisonof the Social and Economic Incidence of Taxes Collected for the Central Governments,"Journal of European Economic History 5 (1976): 601-50;
20. P. O'Brien, "ThePolitical Economy of British Taxation, 1660-1815," Economic History Review, 2d ser.,41, no. 1 (1988): 1-32.
21. The Political Economy of British Taxation, 1660-1815," p. 23.
22. The Sinews of Power, pp. 88-134, 167-217.
23. W. R. Brock, The Effect of the Loss of theAmerican Colonies on British Policy (London, 1957);
24. D. G. Barnes, A History of the English Corn Laws (London, 1930);
25. L. Magnusson, Mercantilism: The Shaping of anEconomic Language (London, 1994).
26. Report Respecting the British Fisheries (1798), in House of Commons SessionalPapers of the Eighteenth Century, ed. S. Lambert, 147 vols. (Wilmington, Del., 1975-),108:408.
27. M. J. Turner, "Before the Manchester School: Economic Theory in EarlyNineteenth-Century Manchester," History 79 (1994): 216-41;
28. A. C. Howe, "Free Tradeand the City of London, c. 1820-1870," History 77 (1992): 391-410.
29. J. W. Burrow, Whigs and Liberals: Continuityand Change in English Political Thought (Oxford, 1988);
30. B. Gordon, Political Economyin Parliament, 1819-1823 (London, 1976)
31. T. Alborn, Conceiving Companies: Joint Stock Politics inVictorian England (London, 1998).
32. C. A. Bayly, Imperial Meridian: The British Empire and the World, 1780-1830(London, 1989), pp. 8-12, 100-163.
33. V. T. Harlow, The Founding of the Second British Empire, 2 vols. (London, 1952-64), 1:159-62, 179-81;
34. R. Robinson and J. Gallagher, "The Imperialism of Free Trade,1814-1915," Economic History Review, 2d ser., 6 (1953): 1-15;
35. P. J. Cain and A. G.Hopkins, "The Political Economy of British Expansion Overseas, 1750-1914," EconomicHistory Review 33 (1980): 463-90.
36. L. Colley, Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707-1832 (London, 1992), pp. 11-54,101-45, 195-236, 283-319.
37. The Sinews of Power, pp. 169-71
38. Thomas Charles Morgan, ' 'Historical Sketch of the British and Irish Fisheries,"in First Report of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the State of the Irish Fisheries(1836), app. 1, Parliamentary Papers, 1837, 22:295.
39. J. Ehrman,The Younger Pitt, vol. 1, The Years of Acclaim (London, 1969), pp. 158-68.
40. A. Skinner, A System of Social Science: Papers Relating to Adam Smith (Oxford,1996), pp. 66-105.
41. Hont and M. Ignatieff, eds., Wealth and Virtue: The Shaping of Political Economyin the Scottish Enlightenment (Cambridge, 1983).
42. J. Robertson, "The Scottish Enlightenment at the Limits of the Civic Tradition,"in ibid., pp. 137-78, esp. pp. 141-52.
43. N. Phillipson, "Adam Smith as Civic Moralist," in Hont and Ignatieff, eds.,Wealth and Virtue, pp. 179-202, esp. pp. 194-96, 198-202.
44. J. Anderson, Free Thoughts on the American Contest (Edinburgh, 1776), pp. 3-5.
45. The Correspondence of Adam Smith,ed. E. C. Mossner and I. S. Ross (Oxford, 1987), p. 251.
46. J. Anderson, Observations on the Means of Exciting a Spirit of National Industry;Chiefly Intended to Promote the Agriculture, Commerce, Manufactures and Fisheries, ofScotland, in a Series of Letters (Edinburgh, 1777)
47. An Account of the Present Stateof the Hebrides and Western Coasts of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1784).
48. Lambert, ed., House of Commons Sessional Papers, vol. 53, app. 11,pp. 192-215.
49. David Loch, Essays on the Trade, Commerce, Manufactures and Fisheries of Scotland,3 vols. (Edinburgh, 1778), 2:230-31.
50. Right Hon. W. Conyngham, Extracts Relative to the Fisheries on the North WestCoast of Ireland, from the Several Reports of the British House of Commons, Appointedto Enquire into the State of the British Fisheries, and from the Publications of Mr. Knox,Dr. Anderson, and others (London, 1787), p. 1.
51. J. Knox, A View of the British Empire, More Especially Scotland; with Some Proposalsfor the Improvement of That Country, the Extension of Its Fisheries, and the Reliefof the People (London, 1784), pp. v-xiv.
52. G. Dempster, A Discourse Containing a Summary of the Proceedings of the Directorsof the Society for Extending the Fisheries and Improving the Sea Coasts of GreatBritain, since the 25th March, 1788 (London, 1789), pp. 7-8.
53. J. Gray, Some Reflections Intended to Promote the Success of the Scotch FishingCompany Sent by John Gray to the Directors of the British Society (London,1789), p. 62
54. Ehrman, The Younger Pitt, pp. 160-61,341-51, 558-60.
55. R. Fraser, Gleanings in Ireland; Particularly Respecting Its Agriculture, Mines andFisheries . . . Drawn Up under the Direction of the Dublin Society for the Improvement ofHusbandry and Internal Resources (London, 1802), p. vii.
56. T. Gordon, General Remarks on the British Fisheries: By a North Briton (London,1784), p. 16.
57. Knox, A View of the British Empire, pp. xxi-xxxiv.
58. Fraser, Gleanings in Ireland, pp. vii, 2.
59. Ehrman, The Younger Pitt, p. 351.
60. Ehrman, The Younger Pitt, 266, 291-92, 351-52, and388-89.
61. Third Report (1785), p. 93.
62. Anderson, "Report of the Facts Relating to the Fisheries," pp. 192-226.
63. Third Report (1785), pp. 126-29.
64. Knox explicitly distanced himself from the prescriptionsof Anderson,p. 133;
65. Anderson, "Report of the Facts Relating to theFisheries," esp. p. 233.
66. Third Report (1785), p. 133.
67. 26 Geo. Ill, c. 81; and 26 Geo. Ill, c. 106.
68. Ehrman, The Younger Pitt, p. 352.
69. J. Dunlop, The British Fisheries Society, 1786-1893 (Edinburgh, 1978), pp. 22-24;
70. J. Knox, A Discourse on the Expediency of Establishing Fishing Stations or SmallTowns in the Highlands of Scotland and the Hebride Isles (London, 1786).
71. Dunlop, The British Fisheries Society, p. 25.
72. The British Fisheries Society, pp. 135-168.
73. Dunlop, The British Fisheries Society, p. 115.
74. Geo. Ill, c. 100 (1799).
75. Dempster, A Discourse, p. 33.
76. H. Beaufoy, Substance of the Speech of Henry Beaufoy, Esq., to the British Societyfor Extending the Fisheries & c, at Their General Court, Held on Tuesday, March 25th1788 (London, 1788), p. 71.
77. The earl of Kinnoul restaked these boundaries before thecommittee of 1798, Report Respecting the British Fisheries, pp. 391-408.
78. Third Report (1785), p. 83.
79. Report Respecting the British Fisheries, pp. 510-11, 514-17.
80. Fourth Report of the Commissioners of the Irish Fisheries (1822)
81. Fifth Report of the Commissioners of the Irish Fisheries (1823),Parliamentary Papers, 1824, 12:427-29.
82. Third Report (1785), p. 202;
83. Report Respecting the British Fisheries, pp. 334-35;
84. A. Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, ed. R. H.Campbell and A. S. Skinner, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1976), 1:518-22.
85. Third Report (1785), p. 107;
86. Report Respecting the British Fisheries, pp. 337-38.
87. Report Respecting the British Fisheries, p. 344.
88. Extracts from Published Reports of theCommissioners of the British Fisheries," in First Report of the Commissioners of Inquiryinto the State of the Irish Fisheries, app. xiii, pp. 333-43, 335-37.
89. Lambert, ed., House ofCommons Sessional Papers, 93:71.
90. Report from the Select Committee on Channel Fisheries (1833), Parliamentary Papers,1833, 14:67-234.
91. Lambert, ed., House of Commons Sessional Papers, 53:481-91
92. Lambert, ed., House of Commons Sessional Papers, 53:19-33.
93. Ehrman, The Younger Pitt, p. 352.
94. O'Brien, "The Political Economy of British Taxation, 1660-1815," esp. pp. 26-28;
95. Brewer, The Sinews of Power, pp. 101-13.
96. Third Report (1785),p. 126;
97. Report Respecting the British Fisheries, p. 301.
98. Lambert, ed., House of Commons SessionalPapers, 53:453-61.
99. Lambert, ed., House of Commons Sessional Papers,93:71-79.
100. Geo. Ill for the Further Encouragement of the Irish Fisheries (1820), Parliamentary Papers,1820, 7:265-72;
101. The Memorial and Representation of the Magistrates, TownCouncil, Principal Inhabitants, and Fish Curers of Fraserburgh," 9 June 1820, in ibid.,pp. 271-72.
102. First Report of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the Stateof the Irish Fisheries, p. 276).
103. First Report of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the State of the Irish Fisheries,pp. 3-486.
104. Eighth Report of the Commissioners of the Irish Fisheries (1826-27), ParliamentaryPapers, 1827, 11:723;
105. Tenth Report of the Commissioners of the Irish Fisheries(1828-29), Parliamentary Papers, 1829, 13:503.
106. First Report of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the State of the Irish Fisheries,pp. 14-17, 295-99.
107. First Report of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the State of the Irish Fisheries,app. 12, p. 332.
108. First Reportof the Commissioners of Inquiry into the State of the Irish Fisheries, pp. 23, 50.93 59 Geo. Ill, c. 109 (1819).
109. Fourth Report of the Commissioners of the Irish Fisheries, pp. 371-73).
110. Seventh Report of the Commissioners of the Irish Fisheries, (1825-26), ParliamentaryPapers, 1826, 40:538.
111. First Report of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the State of the Irish Fisheries,app. 19, pp. 416-20.
112. A Return of the Amount Paid for the Encouragement of the IrishFisheries under the Directors-General of Inland Navigation and Commissioners for theExtension and Promotion of Public Works" (1842), Parliamentary Papers, 1842, 26:470.
113. First Report of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the State of the Irish Fisheries,p. 20.
114. Eighth Report of the Commissioners of the Irish Fisheries, pp. 719-23.
115. Tenth Report of the Commissioners of the Irish Fisheries, pp. 499-503.
116. First Report of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the State of the Irish Fisheries,p. 22.
117. See returns in Parliamentary Papers, 1852-53, 94:556.
118. Sixteenth Report of the Commissioners of Public Works in Ireland (1848), ParliamentaryPapers, 1847-48, 37:473-83.
119. C. E. Trevelyan to the Commissioners of Public Works, Dublin, 26 May 1848,ibid., p. 480.